Abstract: The present invention relates to a deflector of a micro-column electron beam apparatus and method for fabricating the same, which forms a seed metal layer and a mask layer on both sides of a substrate, and exposes some of the seed metal layer on which deflecting plates, wirings and pads are to be formed by lithography process using a predetermined mask. The wirings and pads are formed by plating metal on the exposed portion, and some of the metal layer is also exposed on which the deflecting plates are to be formed using a predetermined mask, and then the metal is plated with desired thickness, thereby the deflecting plates are completed. Therefore, by forming plurality of deflecting plates on both sides of the substrate at the same time through plating process, alignment between the deflecting plates formed on both sides of the substrate can be exactly made, and by fabricating a deflector integrated with the substrate and deflecting plates in a batch process, productivity and reproducibility is improved.

Abstract: A high gain loop antenna comprises a conductor ground plane, a feeding signal line, a radiation element including two matching sections and a conductor loop, and a dielectric element formed between the conductor ground plane and the radiation element. Both matching sections connect to the feeding signal line and the radiation element for matching the input impedance. The input impedance can be changed by adjusting the distance between the two matching sections or the lengths of the two matching sections. The conductor loop is to activate the operating mode of the antenna when the current component flows through the loop antenna.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided expression systems for the production of function glucocorticoid receptor proteins, methods for the recombinant production of glucocorticoid receptor proteins as well as sequences encoding novel members of the steroid/thyroid hormone superfamily of receptors (e.g., glucocorticoid receptor). Invention expression systems comprise host cells containing DNA encoding functional glucocorticoid receptor proteins, wherein the DNA is operably linked to control sequences compatible with host cells, thereby enabling the expression of functional receptor proteins. The invention method is carried out by culturing such recombinant host cells, and recovering the functional glucocorticoid receptor proteins produced thereby.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal in Code Division Multiple Access/Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CDMA/OFDM) system is provided. The apparatus discriminates user signals with a unique spreading code and the orthogonal codes, increases data transmission rate with the non-binary value without increasing of entire bandwidth used by the users, solves signal interference with interleaver and diversity effect of interleaving and OFDM, and maximizes transmission efficiency by varying modulation schemes depending on channel states.

Abstract: A stable field-emission electron source that does not suffer from a current drop even after a high-current density operation for a long time is provided. The field-emission electron source includes: a substrate; an insulating layer that is formed on the substrate and that has a plurality of openings; cathodes arranged at the respective openings in order to emit electron beams; a lead electrode formed on the insulating layer in order to control emission of electrons from the respective cathodes; and a surface-modifying layer formed on the surface of each of the cathodes emitting electrons, comprising a chemical bond between a cathode material composing the cathodes and a material different from the cathode material.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and an apparatus for the orthogonal complex-domain spreading modulation in CDMA spread spectrum communication system when there are channels with statistically higher transmitting power. In CDMA spread spectrum communication systems with a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter according to the invention has several channels with different information. Two channels with higher power than the others, which are spread in the conventional scheme, are spread with the orthogonal codes using a complex-domain multiplier. The spread signals are added. Then the signals are scrambled using a complex-domain multiplier with secondary scrambling sequences generated by a special scrambling code generator with primary scrambling sequences as inputs. The receiver does reverse operation of the transmitter.

Abstract: A molecular marker-based method for monitoring and detecting cancer in humans. Aberrant methylation of gene promoters is a marker for cancer risk in humans. A two-stage, or “nested” polymerase chain reaction method is disclosed for detecting methylated DNA sequences at sufficiently high levels of sensitivity to permit cancer screening in biological fluid samples, such as sputum, obtained non-invasively. The method is for detecting the aberrant methylation of the p16 gene, O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene, Death-associated protein kinase gene, RAS-associated family 1 gene, or other gene promoters. The method offers a potentially powerful approach to population-based screening for the detection of lung and other cancers.

Abstract: Kinetic stabilization of the native state of transthyretin is an effective mechanism for preventing protein misfolding. Because transthyretin misfolding plays an important role in transthyretin amyloid diseases, inhibiting such misfolding can be used as an effective treatment or prophylaxis for such diseases. Treatment methods, screening methods, as well as specific transthyretin stabilizing compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: A film bulk acoustic wave filter assembly includes a film bulk acoustic filter and an RF circuit. The film bulk acoustic filter unit cell includes a plurality of film bulk acoustic wave resonators. The number, area and arrangement of the resonators depend on the characteristics of the filter. In the film bulk acoustic wave filter, a metal layer made by CMOS processes is used as a lower electrode area of the film bulk acoustic wave filter or a suspended chamber. The film bulk acoustic filter can be integrated with the RF circuit using processes such as the CMOS process. It facilitates the integration of active devices, streamlining of system design and simplification of test processes, and has a great influence on the application of RF communication devices and integration of system-system-chip (SOC).

Abstract: The compact steam reformer of the present invention integrally comprises a housing; a reforming reactor having an upper mixing compartment for mixing natural gas and steam and a lower compartment for accommodating a catalyst bed; a natural gas feeding coiled pipe through which natural gas is introduced while being heated; a steam generating coiled pipe in which pure water is converted to steam by the exhaust; a metal fiber burner for heating the reforming reactor; a high-temperature converter for primarily removing carbon monoxide from a synthetic gas; a low-temperature converter for secondarily reducing the carbon monoxide level of the synthetic gas; and a heat exchanger, provided between the high-temperature converter and the low-temperature converter, for cooling the gas effluent from the high-temperature converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to optoelectronic systems for detecting one or more target particles. The system includes a reaction chamber, a specimen collector, an optical detector, and a reservoir containing cells, each of the cells having receptors which are present on the surface of each cell and are specific for the target particle to be detected, where binding of the target particle to the receptors directly or indirectly activates a reporter molecule, thereby producing a measurable optical signal.

Abstract: A valve is constructed to strike a balance between providing relatively high sealing yet low friction as components of the valve move. The valve includes a port and an actuator movable relative to the port. A member is disposed between the port and the actuator. The actuator acts on the member so that it can intermittently seal the port as it moves. The member and the actuator have a substantially low friction interface, whereas the seal member and the port have a substantially high sealing interface. The valve can be used in an engine, such as a rotary valve in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A composite material includes a matrix and carbon fibrous structures. The carbon fibrous structure has a three dimensional network of carbon fibers, each having an outside diameter of 15–100 nm, and has a granular part with which carbon fibers are bound in a state such that the carbon fibers extend outwardly from the granular part, and the granular part being produced in a growth process of the carbon fibers. The additive amount of the carbon fibers is in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight of total weight of the composite material.

Abstract: The invention provides a microfabricated device for sorting cells based on a desired characteristic, for example, reporter-labeled cells can be sorted by the presence or level of reporter on the cells. The device includes a chip having a substrate into which is microfabricated at least one analysis unit. Each analysis unit includes a main channel, having a sample inlet channel, typically at one end, and a detection region along a portion of its length. Adjacent and downstream from the detection region, the main channel has a discrimination region or branch point leading to at least two branch channels. The analysis unit may further include additional inlet channels, detection points, branch points, and branch channels as desired. A stream containing cells is passed through the detection region, such that on average one cell occupies the detection region at a given time.

Abstract: A method for separation of actinide elements comprising feeding a solution containing actinide elements such as americium, curium, californium and the like, into a resin column in which a weakly basic primary, secondary or tertiary anion exchange resin obtained by resinifying pyridine, imidazole or alkylamine has been packed, and then feeding an eluent of a mixed solution of nitric acid and alkyl alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and the like into the resin column to chromatographically separate the actinide elements from each other. This method makes it possible to efficiently separate the actinide elements from each other by a unit operation at ordinary temperature and ordinary pressure while avoiding oxidation operation, and hence makes it possible to avoid generation of secondary wastes and operations difficult in terms of engineering, such as precipitation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel device and method for the detection of lithium ions in a biological fluid. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a novel compound and a optical sensor which incorporates said compound for the detection of lithium ions. Additionally, the present invention provides a method of detecting lithium ions which comprises placing the novel optical sensor into communication with a biological fluid. Once the novel compound of the present invention encounters a lithium ion(s), a fluorescence is generated, the intensity of which is measured and allows for the determination of lithium ion concentration. The present invention provides a medical professional with the ability to selectively determine lithium ion concentration in a biological fluid thereby facilitating the treatment of various diseases, such as manic-depressive illness.

Abstract: A radiation or neutron detector wherein lateral side light detecting optical fibers prepared from clear optical fibers that are scraped on a lateral side to permit side incidence of fluorescence are used to detect the fluorescence from a phosphor or a scintillator such that the background to gamma-rays is reduced. If desired, the optical fibers may be bent at 90 degrees and guided to a photomultiplier tube in order to reduce the size of the detector. Fabrication and maintenance of the detector can be facilitated by adopting such a design that a detecting block comprising a detection medium and lateral side light detecting optical fibers is separated from a readout block comprising clear optical fibers.

Abstract: A novel nuclear receptor, termed the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR), a broad-specificity sensing receptor that is a novel branch of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has been discovered. SXR forms a heterodimer with RXR that can bind to and induce transcription from response elements present in steroid-inducible cytochrome P450 genes in response to hundreds of natural and synthetic compounds with biological activity, including therapeutic steroids as well as dietary steroids and lipids. Instead of hundreds of receptors, one for each inducing compound, the invention SXR receptors monitor aggregate levels of inducers to trigger production of metabolizing enzymes in a coordinated metabolic pathway. Agonists and antagonists of SXR are administered to subjects to achieve a variety of therapeutic goals dependent upon modulating metabolism of one or more endogenous steroids or xenobiotics to establish homeostasis.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method of separating casein from animal milk, especially, after defatting the animal milk as the pretreatment, the processing of the defatted milk aforesaid through a ceramic filtration membrane to remove the casein in the milk. The pretreatment process of separating the casein from the milk is then complemented by other processes of purification, so as to obtain the target protein of higher purity.

Abstract: A memory processing approach involves implementation of memory status-driven access. According to an example embodiment, addresses received at an address buffer are processed for access to a memory relative to an active location in the memory. Addresses corresponding to an active location in the memory array are processed prior to addresses that do not correspond to an active location. Data is read from the memory to a read buffer and ordered in a manner commensurate with the order of received addresses at the address buffer (e.g., thus facilitating access to the memory in an order different from that received at the address buffer while maintaining the order from the read buffer).