Abstract: [Problem] To provide an evaluation method for evaluating spectacle lenses that is capable of objectively evaluating spectacle lenses suitable for a user by measuring brain activity, and a design method for designing spectacle lenses using the evaluation method. [Solution] A subject is allowed to wear to-be-evaluated lenses, and the subject is allowed to visually observe a visual stimulus object used to evoke an activity of a specific part of the visual cortex of the brain through the to-be-evaluated lenses, and an evoked activity of the specific part of the brain's visual cortex when the visual stimulus object is visually observed by the to-be-evaluated lenses is measured by an electroencephalograph or by a magnetoencephalograph, and the spectacle lenses are evaluated based on time (latency) from when a visual stimulus is received till when a change is caused thereby or based on the magnitude (amplitude) of activity.

Abstract: Both of multi-mode laser beam 8A and excitation beam 34A for amplification are imputed to an amplification gain medium 62 in a relationship in which their optical axes match each other and an effective beam diameter of the excitation beam for amplification is smaller than an effective beam diameter of the multi-mode laser beam. As a result, laser beam of a part of modes progressing in a radiation range of the excitation beam 34A for amplification is selectively amplified. Laser beam 40A subjected to mode cleaning is thereby outputted.

Abstract: Provided is a passive Q-switch laser device possessing a power density controller (15) making power density of excitation light from an excitation light source (14) equal to or greater than power density so that delay time required for reaching oscillation after start of excitation of a laser gain medium (12) becomes equal to or shorter than a laser upper energy level lifetime of the laser gain medium (12).

Abstract: A technique which is suitable in joining an end surface of a laser medium to a transparent heat sink for maintaining thermal resistance therebetween low and avoiding large thermal stress from acting on the laser medium is to be provided. An end coat is provided on the end surface of the laser medium, a same-material layer constituted of a same material as the heat sink is provided on a surface of the end coat, a surface of the same-material layer and an end surface of the heat sink are activated in a substantially vacuum environment, and those activated surfaces are bonded in the substantially vacuum environment. A laser apparatus having low thermal resistance between the laser medium and the heat sink and high transparency at a joint interface therebetween, and no large thermal stress acting on the laser medium is thereby obtained.

Abstract: A translucent in-vivo indwelling device with a translucent region including a rare earth doped fluorapatite.

Abstract: A pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus includes: a stimulation electrode which is adapted to be attached to a living body, at least one of an exogenous algesic substance and pyrogen which is to be interposed between the living body and the stimulation electrode; and a stimulation power supplier which is configured to supply electric power to the stimulation electrode.

Abstract: This invention provides a metal encapsulated dendritic carbon nanostructure comprising a dendritic carbon nanostructure comprising a branched carbon-containing rod-shaped or annular material and a metallic body capsulated in the carbon nanostructure. There is also provided a dendritic carbon nanostructure comprising a branched carbon-containing rod-shaped or annular material.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an adaptive optics system and an optical device that allow correction of wavefront phase aberration with higher accuracy than before and have a wider correction range than the conventional ones, regardless of the distance between the observation target and the fluctuation layer, and the size of the observation target. An adaptive optics system includes: a wavefront phase modulator that makes aberration correction to incident light and emits the corrected light; and an imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism that adjusts freely within a specimen the position of a surface imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation correction surface formed by the wavefront phase modulator. The imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism adjusts the fluctuation correction surface to be imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation layer existing in the specimen.

Abstract: Upon producing a transparent polycrystalline material, a suspension liquid (or slurry 1) is prepared, the suspension liquid being made by dispersing a raw-material powder in a solution, the raw-material powder including optically anisotropic single-crystalline particles to which a rare-earth element is added. A formed body is obtained from the suspension liquid by means of carrying out slip casting in a space with a magnetic field applied. On this occasion, while doing a temperature control so that the single-crystalline particles demonstrate predetermined magnetic anisotropy, one of static magnetic fields and rotary magnetic fields is selected in compliance with a direction of an axis of easy magnetization in the single-crystalline particles, and is then applied to them. A transparent polycrystalline material is obtained by sintering the formed body, the transparent polycrystalline material having a polycrystalline structure whose crystal orientation is controlled.

Abstract: This invention provides a carbon nanostructure including: carbon containing rod-shaped materials and/or carbon containing sheet-shaped materials which are bound three-dimensionally; and graphene multilayer membrane walls which are formed in the rod-shaped materials and/or the sheet-shaped materials; wherein air-sac-like pores, which are defined by the graphene multilayer membrane walls, are formed in the rod-shaped materials and/or the sheet-shaped materials.

Abstract: A compound microscope device allows simultaneous observation of one specimen by a transmission electron microscope and an optical microscope. The compound microscope device 1 of the present invention has a transmission electron microscope 2 and an optical microscope 4. A specimen 10 and a reflection mirror 41 are disposed on an electron optical axis C of an electron ray. The reflection mirror 41 is inclined from the electron optical axis C toward the optical object lens 43 and the specimen 10. Light from the specimen 10 (fluorescent light, reflection light, and the like) is reflected by the reflection mirror 41 and enters into the optical object lens 43. The electron ray from the electron microscope 2 passes through a mounting center hole 42 of the reflection mirror 41. This makes it possible to observe one specimen simultaneously by the electron microscope 2 and the optical microscope 4.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for measuring the spectral intensity and phase of a light pulse having an arbitrary time duration. The apparatus includes: a nonlinear mixing means for generating a signal light pulse expressed by the following Formula (? denotes an operator representing general nonlinear mixing, and ? denotes a coefficient which is proportional to a nonlinear susceptibility in the nonlinear mixing) by nonlinearly mixing a reference light pulse having an electric field Er(t??) delayed by an optical delay means and a measurement target light pulse having an electric field E0(t); and Er(t??)+?Er(t??)?E0(t) an imaging spectrum device for spectrally splitting the signal light pulse and outputting a Fourier transform signal expressed by the following Formula (F denotes a symbol indicating Fourier transform, * denotes a complex conjugate, and R denotes a symbol indicating a real part), |F[Er(t??)]|2+|?F[Er(t??)?E0(t)]|2+2R{?F[Er(t??)]*·F[Er(t??)?E0(t)]}.

Abstract: When an excitation light is entered in a laser medium including a doped (containing rare earth element) YAG, the vicinity of the excitation light entry face is locally heated which generates a birefringence, causing degradation of linear polarization of emitted laser. To avoid such a phenomenon, it was necessary to make the excitation light pulsed and slow down the repetition rate of the pulse. In this device, an undoped YAG is bonded to a excitation light entry face of the laser medium made of a doped YAG. By arranging the YAG <100> axis so as to extend along the optical axis of the laser oscillation system, a linearly polarized pulse laser can be obtained.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite superconductor includes: a structure forming process of forming a structure including a metal covering member (20) including at least one to-be-joined portion, a superconductor (30) arranged inside the metal covering member, and a reinforcing member (40) arranged between the superconductor (30) and the at least one to-be-joined portion; and a joining process of joining thereafter the at least one to-be-joined portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite superconductor comprising a superconductor and a metal member. The metal member is composed of one or more members to be joined together in such manner that the one or more members cover the superconductor, and at least one member is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

Abstract: To provide a passive Q-switch-type solid laser apparatus for outputting a high peak-power pulse laser whose pulse energy is large and pulse-time width is small. A passive Q-switch-type solid laser apparatus has: two reflection elements for forming an oscillator; a solid gain medium being disposed between the two reflection elements; a saturable absorber being disposed between the two reflection elements; an excitation device for exciting the solid gain medium; and a cross section control device for making at least one of a stimulated emission cross section of the solid gain medium and an absorption cross section of the saturable absorber closer to another one of them; and the cross section control device is equipped with at least one or both of a temperature control device for retaining the solid gain medium at a predetermined temperature and an oscillatory-wavelength control device for fixating an oscillatory wavelength at a predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite superconductor includes: a structure forming process of forming a structure including a metal covering member (20) including at least one to-be-joined portion, a superconductor (30) arranged inside the metal covering member, and a reinforcing member (40) arranged between the superconductor (30) and the at least one to-be-joined portion; and a joining process of joining thereafter the at least one to-be-joined portion.

Abstract: A solid laser apparatus which includes: two reflection elements for forming an oscillator; a plate-shaped gain medium being disposed between the two reflection elements, thereby augmenting a stimulated emission light in a thickness-wise direction; a doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide being disposed so as to make an inner peripheral face thereof come in contact with an outer peripheral face of the plate-shaped gain medium; and a plurality of excited-light sources being directed in five or more directions, the excited-light sources being coupled to an outer peripheral face of the doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide so as to make excited lights propagate from the outer peripheral face of the doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide to the plate-shaped gain medium.

Abstract: A negative electrode used for a nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery having nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing lithium ion includes a metal carbon composite material. The metal carbon composite material has a porous carbon material having cavities, and a metal material made of metal to reversibly store or emit lithium ion. The metal material is arranged on a surface of the porous carbon material including inner surfaces of the cavities. The porous carbon material has a mass of 1-65 mass % when the metal carbon composite material is defined to have a mass of 100 mass %.

Abstract: A solid laser apparatus which includes: two reflection elements for forming an oscillator; a plate-shaped gain medium being disposed between the two reflection elements, thereby augmenting a stimulated emission light in a thickness-wise direction; a doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide being disposed so as to make an inner peripheral face thereof come in contact with an outer peripheral face of the plate-shaped gain medium; and a plurality of excited-light sources being directed in five or more directions, the excited-light sources being coupled to an outer peripheral face of the doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide so as to make excited lights propagate from the outer peripheral face of the doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide to the plate-shaped gain medium.