Abstract: A floor scrubber that includes a housing having a plurality of brush assemblies mounted therein. Each brush assembly is connected to a liquid supply by a tube. A disperser is mounted on each brush assembly and cleaning liquid flows from the liquid supply onto the disperser. As the brush assembly is rotated, the disperser rotates in unison with the assembly and the cleaning liquid is dispersed onto the bristles and onto the floor surface to be cleaned. The disperser includes a plurality of fins that aid in propelling the cleaning fluid onto the bristles.

Abstract: A dual packer for at least partially defining a production zone in a wellbore, the dual packer including a packer body having an up-hole side and a down-hole side. A first through bore and a second through bore each extend through the packer body from the up-hole side to the down-hole side. A first piping extends from the down-hole side of the first through bore and includes a perforated sub adjacent the down-hole side of the packer body. A second piping extends from the down-hole side of the second through bore and is communicably connected to the first piping down-hole of the first perforated sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sandwich cooking accessory having a plurality of pockets in which may be assembled a sandwich or into which may be placed a raw (not yet cooked) sandwich. The accessory also includes a panel engagable to the pockets to contain the assembled sandwiches during handling and cooking. The panel cooperates with the pockets to slightly, but not excessively, compress the sandwiches. The pockets and panel are perforated to enable heat to the sandwiches during cooking. The panel include a plurality of shield to protect certain portions of the sandwiches from excessive toasting during cooking.

Abstract: A spectroscopy system is provided which is optimized for operation in the VUV region and capable of performing well in the DUV-NIR region. Additionally, the system incorporates an optical module which presents selectable sources and detectors optimized for use in the VUV and DUV-NIR. As well, the optical module provides common delivery and collection optics to enable measurements in both spectral regions to be collected using similar spot properties. The module also provides a means of quickly referencing measured data so as to ensure that highly repeatable results are achieved. The module further provides a controlled environment between the VUV source, sample chamber and VUV detector which acts to limit in a repeatable manner the absorption of VUV photons. The use of broad band data sets which encompass VUV wavelengths, in addition to the DUV-NIR wavelengths enables a greater variety of materials to be meaningfully characterized.

Abstract: An optical metrology apparatus for measuring periodic structures using multiple incident azimuthal (phi) and polar (theta) incident angles is described. One embodiment provides the enhanced calculation speed for the special case of phi=90 incidence for 1-D (line and space) structures, which has the incident plane parallel to the grating lines, as opposed to the phi=0 classical mounting, which has incident plane perpendicular to the grating lines. The enhancement reduces the computation time of the phi=90 case to the same order as the corresponding phi=0 case, and in some cases the phi=90 case can be significantly faster. One advantageous configuration consists of two measurements for each sample structure, one perpendicular to the grating lines and one parallel. This provides additional information about the structure, equivalent to two simultaneous angles of incidence, without excessive increase in computation time.

Abstract: A method for analysis includes directing a converging beam of X-rays toward a surface of a sample having an epitaxial layer formed thereon, and sensing the X-rays that are diffracted from the sample while resolving the sensed X-rays as a function of angle so as to generate a diffraction spectrum including a diffraction peak and fringes due to the epitaxial layer. A characteristic of the fringes is analyzed in order to measure a relaxation of the epitaxial layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for measuring properties of an unknown sample. A reflectometer and one or more reference pieces is provided. A set of data is collected from the unknown sample and a combination of the reference pieces. A combination of the sample and reference piece data independent of incident intensity is used to determine a property of the unknown sample without calibrating incident reflectometer intensity. The method and apparatus disclosed can measure properties of thin films or scattering structures on semiconductor work pieces. In one embodiment the reflectometer utilizes vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength reflectometry. Multiple relative reflectance measurements are used to overcome effects of the inevitable contamination buildup that occurs when using optical systems in the VUV region.

Abstract: A luminaire reflector composed of a pot-like hollow, rotationally symmetrical, frustoconical reflector body having a peripheral wall that is circularly curved in a peripheral direction and increases in diameter from a rear side up to a front light exit opening is provided. The reflector body has an outwardly bent over, annular peripheral edge web that surrounds the light exit opening and is bounded by two circles of different radii. The peripheral wall of the reflector body is longitudinally divided into two to four shell-like wall parts correspondingly curved in the shape of a circular arc in a peripheral direction, or the peripheral may be formed from one piece. Each wall part, or the unitary peripheral wall, together with a part of the annular peripheral edge web, is formed from a pre-coated sheet metal material that is strongly optically reflecting at least on the inside.

Abstract: A one-piece, unitary manhole cover has dual lifting ports that drain through the outer circumferential edge of the cover. A lifting channel runs from the interior of the upper face out to the outer circumferential edge. A lifting bar spans the lifting channel and defines an ergo lifting port and a pry bar lifting port. Both the ergo lifting port and the pry bar lifting port drain through the outer circumference of the manhole cover.

Abstract: A spectroscopy system is provided which is optimized for operation in the VUV region and capable of performing well in the DUV-NIR region. Additionally, the system incorporates an optical module which presents selectable sources and detectors optimized for use in the VUV and DUV-NIR. As well, the optical module provides common delivery and collection optics to enable measurements in both spectral regions to be collected using similar spot properties. The module also provides a means of quickly referencing measured data so as to ensure that highly repeatable results are achieved. The module further provides a controlled environment between the VUV source, sample chamber and VUV detector which acts to limit in a repeatable manner the absorption of VUV photons. The use of broad band data sets which encompass VUV wavelengths, in addition to the DUV-NIR wavelengths enables a greater variety of materials to be meaningfully characterized.

Abstract: A calibration technique is provided that utilizes a standard sample that allows for calibration in the wavelengths of interest even when the standard sample may exhibit significant reflectance variations at those wavelengths for subtle variations in the properties of the standard sample. A second sample, a reference sample may have a relatively featureless reflectance spectrum over the same spectral region and is used in combination with the calibration sample to achieve the calibration. In one embodiment the spectral region may include the VUV spectral region.

Abstract: Disclosed are accessories for use on the cooking grate of a barbeque grill or such, which are adapted to enable the effective grilling of such food items as fish, pizza, small items, and delicate items, alone of in combination, and which overcome drawbacks of grilling such food items while allowing the food items to receive the flavor benefits of grilling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for using below deep ultra-violet (DUV) wavelength reflectometry for measuring properties of diffracting and/or scattering structures on semiconductor work-pieces is disclosed. The system can use polarized light in any incidence configuration, but one technique disclosed herein advantageously uses un-polarized light in a normal incidence configuration. The system thus provides enhanced optical measurement capabilities using below deep ultra-violet (DUV) radiation, while maintaining a small optical module that is easily integrated into other process tools. A further refinement utilizes an r-? stage to further reduce the footprint.

Abstract: A swing-out manhole cover assembly having at least one ramp to facilitate opening and closing the cover. The manhole cover assembly includes a frame, a cover, a swing assembly and at least one ramp. As the cover swings open away from the frame about the swing assembly, the ramp imparts linear translation to the cover separating the cover from the frame slightly. As the cover swings back to close the manhole cover, the ramp reverses the linear translation and the cover returns back to the frame. A spring may be included to bias the cover in the closed position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for using below deep ultra-violet (DUV) wavelength reflectometry for measuring properties of diffracting and/or scattering structures on semiconductor work-pieces is disclosed. The system can use polarized light in any incidence configuration, but one technique disclosed herein advantageously uses un-polarized light in a normal incidence configuration. The system thus provides enhanced optical measurement capabilities using below deep ultra-violet (DUV) radiation, while maintaining a small optical module that is easily integrated into other process tools. A further refinement utilizes an r-? stage to further reduce the footprint.

Abstract: Disclosed is a grill having a firebox with an open upper end upon which rests a cooking grate. A burning chamber is disposed within the firebox and below the open upper end for containing a burning fuel material. A lid is hingedly affixed to the firebox and liftable to access either the grate or the burning chamber. A capture mechanism enables the lid to engage the grate such that when the capture mechanism is in a disengagement condition the lid may be lifted independently of the grate to access the grate, and when the capture mechanism is in an engagement condition lifting of the lid causes simultaneous lifting of the grate off of the firebox to allow access to the burning chamber.

Abstract: A method for inspection of a sample includes directing an excitation beam to impinge on an area of a planar sample that includes a feature having sidewalls perpendicular to a plane of the sample, the sidewalls having a thin film thereon. An intensity of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) emitted from the sample responsively to the excitation beam is measured, and a thickness of the thin film on the sidewalls is assessed based on the intensity. In another method, the width of recesses in a surface layer of a sample and the thickness of a material deposited in the recesses after polishing are assessed using XRF.

Abstract: A calibration technique is provided that utilizes a standard sample that allows for calibration in the wavelengths of interest even when the standard sample may exhibit significant reflectance variations at those wavelengths for subtle variations in the properties of the standard sample. A second sample, a reference sample may have a relatively featureless reflectance spectrum over the same spectral region and is used in combination with the calibration sample to achieve the calibration. In one embodiment the spectral region may include the VUV spectral region.

Abstract: A dual packer for at least partially defining a production zone in a wellbore, the dual packer including a packer body having an up-hole side and a down-hole side. A first through bore and a second through bore each extend through the packer body from the up-hole side to the down-hole side. A first piping extends from the down-hole side of the first through bore and includes a perforated sub adjacent the down-hole side of the packer body. A second piping extends from the down-hole side of the second through bore and is communicably connected to the first piping down-hole of the first perforated sub.

Abstract: A manhole system that includes a manhole cover and a frame with at least one locking device for maintaining the manhole cover in place on the frame. The locking device is selectively movable between locked and unlocked positions to selectively engage the cover to hold the cover in place on the frame. The locking device may be rotatable between “locked” and “unlocked” positions about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the cover. The locking device may includes a plurality of cam locks that engage the outer circumferential edge of the cover and are configured to increasingly clamp down the cover against the frame with increasing rotation from “unlocked” position to “locked” position. A plurality of locks can be arranged around frame to engage the cover at different locations.