Abstract: A municipal casting frame is provided with cast nut retainers that allow the frame to be used with or without a bolt-down cover. The frame defines one or more bolt holes of sufficient dimension to allow free passage of the cover bolts. The undersurface of the frame defines a cast nut retainer adapted to securely receive a nut. In one embodiment, the nut retainer includes protrusions that permit the nut to be snap-fitted into the nut retainer. In another embodiment, the nut retainer is configured to frictionally receive the nut in a wedging interaction. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a frame with integral cast nut retainers. The method generally includes the steps of (a) providing a core corresponding in shape to the bolt hole and the cast nut retainer, the cast nut retainer being configured to receive and retain a nut, (b) casting a frame in a mold about the core, (c) removing the cast frame from the mold and (d) removing the core from the cast frame.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a sample includes directing one or more beams of X-rays to impinge on an area of a surface of the sample on which a layer of nano-particles of a selected element has been formed. Secondary X-ray radiation from the area is detected responsively to the one or more beams. A distribution of the nano-particles on the surface is characterized based on the detected radiation.

Abstract: A method for inspection includes irradiating a sample using an X-ray beam, which is focused so as to define a spot on a surface of the sample. At least one of the sample and the X-ray beam is shifted so as to scan the spot along a scan path that crosses a feature on the surface. Respective intensities of X-ray fluorescence emitted from the sample responsively to the X-ray beam are measured at a plurality of locations along the scan path, at which the spot has different, respective degrees of overlap with the feature. The intensities measured at the plurality of the locations are processed in order to compute an adjusted value of the emitted X-ray fluorescence over the scan path. A thickness of the feature is estimated based on the adjusted value.

Abstract: A manhole cover assembly includes a frame defining an access opening, first and second mounting posts extending from the frame, and a cover for covering the access opening. The cover includes first and second mounting recesses that pivotally receive the first and second mounting posts respectively, such that said cover is movable between an open position and a closed position by rotating the recesses about the posts. At least one of the recesses includes a locking groove that aligns with the post when the cover is moved to an open position to lock the cover in the open position.

Abstract: The computer-implemented method for inspection of a sample includes defining a plurality of locations on a surface of the sample, irradiating the surface at each of the locations with a beam of X-rays, and measuring an angular distribution of the X-rays that are emitted from the surface responsively to the beam, so as to produce a respective plurality of X-ray spectra. The X-ray spectra are analyzed to produce respective figures-of-merit indicative of a measurement quality of the X-ray spectra at the respective location. One or more locations are selected out of the plurality of locations responsively to the figures-of-merit, and a property of the sample is estimated using the X-ray spectra measured at the selected location.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a nasal device which is useful for prevention of snoring wherein the present device works on keeping the nares normally open mechanically, by abducting the nasal vestibule (upper & anterior portion of the lateral wall of the nose which is covered by skin), forward and laterally, which makes air to flow in and out adequately, a stainless steel Skelton having one continuous stainless steel wire of unique design (as apparent in FIG. 3), configured with the spring (1) having two prominent side knobs (2) and two resilient acute angles (6) to permit the abduction arms (4) and plates (7) to be worn (or inserted) inside the nose, wherein the said arms consisting of abduction plates (7) at its free end. Its base resting on the columellae outside the nose which is in continuity with the abduction arms by the said base arms (3), and the whole said device is coated with a thin layer of latex sponge or silicon to make it comfortable during use.

Abstract: A floor scrubber that includes a housing having a plurality of brush assemblies mounted therein. Each brush assembly is connected to a liquid supply by a tube. A disperser is mounted on each brush assembly and cleaning liquid flows from the liquid supply onto the disperser. As the brush assembly is rotated, the disperser rotates in unison with the assembly and the cleaning liquid is dispersed onto the bristles and onto the floor surface to be cleaned. The disperser includes a plurality of fins that aid in propelling the cleaning fluid onto the bristles.

Abstract: A method for X-ray analysis of a sample includes directing a beam of X-rays to impinge on a structure in the sample such that the X-rays are scattered from the structure in a pattern of stripes, and receiving the scattered X-rays using an array of detectors. A relative alignment between the sample and the array is adjusted so that the stripes are parallel to the detectors.

Abstract: A manhole system that includes a manhole cover and a frame with at least one locking device for maintaining the manhole cover in place on the frame. The locking device is selectively movable between locked and unlocked positions to selectively engage the cover to hold the cover in place on the frame. The locking device may be rotatable between “locked” and “unlocked” positions about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the cover. The locking device may includes a plurality of cam locks that engage the outer circumferential edge of the cover and are configured to increasingly clamp down the cover against the frame with increasing rotation from “unlocked” position to “locked” position. A plurality of locks can be arranged around frame to engage the cover at different locations.

Abstract: Apparatus for analysis of a sample includes a radiation source, which is adapted to direct a first, converging beam of X-rays toward a surface of the sample and to direct a second, collimated beam of the X-rays toward the surface of the sample. A motion assembly moves the radiation source between a first source position, in which the X-rays are directed toward the surface of the sample at a grazing angle, and a second source position, in which the X-rays are directed toward the surface in a vicinity of a Bragg angle of the sample. A detector assembly senses the X-rays scattered from the sample as a function of angle while the radiation source is in either of the first and second source configurations and in either of the first and second source positions. A signal processor receives and processes output signals from the detector assembly so as to determine a characteristic of the sample.

Abstract: A one-piece, unitary manhole cover has dual lifting ports that drain through the outer circumferential edge of the cover. A lifting channel runs from the interior of the upper face out to the outer circumferential edge. A lifting bar spans the lifting channel and defines an ergo lifting port and a pry bar lifting port. Both the ergo lifting port and the pry bar lifting port drain through the outer circumference of the manhole cover.

Abstract: A method for inspection of a sample includes directing an excitation beam to impinge on an area of a planar sample that includes a feature having sidewalls perpendicular to a plane of the sample, the sidewalls having a thin film thereon. An intensity of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) emitted from the sample responsively to the excitation beam is measured, and a thickness of the thin film on the sidewalls is assessed based on the intensity. In another method, the width of recesses in a surface layer of a sample and the thickness of a material deposited in the recesses after polishing are assessed using XRF.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for inspection of a sample includes defining a plurality of locations on a surface of the sample, irradiating the surface at each of the locations with a beam of X-rays, and measuring an angular distribution of the X-rays that are emitted from the surface responsively to the beam, so as to produce a respective plurality of X-ray spectra. The X-ray spectra are analyzed to produce respective figures-of-merit indicative of a measurement quality of the X-ray spectra at the respective locations. One or more locations are selected out of the plurality of locations responsively to the figures-of-merit, and a property of the sample is estimated using the X-ray spectra measured at the selected locations.

Abstract: A method for inspection includes directing a beam of X-rays to impinge upon an area of a sample containing first and second features formed respectively in first and second thin film layers, which are overlaid on a surface of the sample. A pattern of the X-rays diffracted from the first and second features is detected and analyzed in order to assess an alignment of the first and second features.

Abstract: A method for X-ray analysis of a sample includes directing a beam of X-rays to impinge on an area of a periodic feature on a surface of the sample and receiving the X-rays scattered from the surface in a reflection mode so as to detect a spectrum of diffraction in the scattered X-rays as a function of azimuth. The spectrum of diffraction is analyzed in order to determine a dimension of the feature.

Abstract: A method for inspection of a sample includes irradiating the sample with a beam of X-rays and measuring a distribution of the X-rays that are emitted from the sample responsively to the beam, thereby generating an X-ray spectrum. An assessment is made of an effect on the spectrum of a non-uniformity of the beam, and the spectrum is corrected responsively to the effect.

Abstract: A method for analysis of a sample includes directing a beam of radiation to impinge on a target area on a surface of the sample along a beam axis at a plurality of different elevation angles. For each of the different angles, a respective offset of the beam in a direction transverse to the beam axis is determined. While sensing the radiation scattered from the sample at each of the different elevation angles in succession, a transverse correction is applied to at least one of the beam and the sample in order to compensate for the respective offset at each of the different elevation angles.

Abstract: A method for producing X-ray optics includes providing a wafer of crystalline material having front and rear surfaces and a lattice spacing suitable for reflecting incident X-rays of a given wavelength. A thin film is deposited on the front surface of the wafer so as to generate compressive forces in the thin film sufficient to impart a concave curvature to the rear surface of the wafer with at least one radius of curvature selected for focusing the incident X-rays.

Abstract: Apparatus for analysis of a sample includes a radiation source, which is configured to direct a beam of radiation along a beam axis to impinge on a target area on a surface of the sample. A detector assembly is configured to sense the radiation scattered from the sample. A beam control assembly includes a beam blocker, which has a lower side adjoining the surface of the sample, and which contains front and rear slits perpendicular to the lower side that together define a beam plane that contains the beam axis and passes through the target area. The front slit is located between the radiation source and the target area, and the rear slit is located between the target area and the detector assembly.

Abstract: A lift-assisted manhole cover assembly with a flush surface and external pivot shaft. The cover includes a mounting tab that extends beyond the general periphery of the cover. The mounting tab may be connected to a shaft that is threadedly engaged with the frame. A spring may be mounted between the frame and the mounting tab, for example, in a sleeve, to provide a mechanical assist in lifting the cover. The sleeve may be disposed outside the manhole opening where it does not block access to the manhole opening.