Abstract: The invention relates to a tool having a tool element which rotates in operation with at least one geometrically defined blade, in particular a material cutting tool element. The tool element is subject to an operating parameter in the operating condition. A measuring device is provided for determination and conversion of the operation parameter into a measured signal. A first measuring device cooperates with a first tool element in the operating condition such that essentially only a first operating parameter for the first tool element may be recorded by the first measuring device.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a WIM (Weigh in Motion) sensor built into a road during travel of a calibrating vehicle measures the dynamic wheel force on the road and on the WIM sensor directly at the measuring wheel, depending on time or location. These wheel force data are transmitted to an evaluating unit. As the calibrating vehicle passes over, WIM signal data are simultaneously measured at the WIM sensor and transmitted to the evaluating unit. The wheel force data are synchronised with the WIM signal data in the evaluating unit. A calibration function is determined by comparing the dynamic wheel force data with the WIM signal data.

Abstract: A joining unit contains a spindle drive in the form of a hollow shaft motor that encloses a spindle. The hollow shaft motor serves to achieve a linear movement of a joining tool for the execution of a joining process. The joining unit contains instruments for the presetting and/or determination of the forces exerted and/or the movement of the joining tool during the joining process.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring pressures in low-viscosity media for use in injection moulding includes a housing with an axis A, a flat end face to be exposed to a pressure space, and a diaphragm that is arranged on the end face and is permanently connected to the housing. A measuring element that can infer a pressure prevailing in the pressure space on the basis of deflection of the diaphragm is arranged behind the diaphragm. A pressure sleeve that is tightly connected to the sensor on the end face and is arranged at a distance from the housing with a gap behind this connection is arranged coaxially with the housing axis A outside the housing. The gap extends axially further across the measuring element than the region of the force path in the direction away from the pressure space.

Abstract: A circuit for a charge amplifier for converting piezoelectric measurement signals continuously sets the output signal of the amplifier to a value close to zero, such that a reset switch becomes unnecessary. The amplifier includes a pulse generator that provides the output signal of the amplifier in the form of pulses, which are easy to transmit with low interference. The pulse frequency is proportional to the rate of change of charge. The pulses, which are added in a counter, represent a value proportional to the change in the charge since the last counter reset, which is proportional to the present measured value at the measurement element.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement for measuring one or more pressures and/or temperatures in an injection-molding system includes a base plate and at least one mould insert with at least part of a cavity. The base plate and the mould insert rest against one another in a releasable manner on at least one common separating surface. The mould insert includes at least one sensor for detecting pressures and/or temperatures as well as a transmitter module on the separating surface, which transmitter module is electrically connected to the sensor. The base plate includes a receiving module on the separating surface opposite the transmitter module, wherein measurement data can be transmitted from the transmitter module to the receiving module. The transmitter module and the receiving module on the separating surface are essentially planar and can be separated without force.

Abstract: A pressure measuring device suitable for disposition in a chamber of an internal combustion engine. The pressure measuring device has a housing, a force transmitting element that is effectively connected to a pressure sensor, and a sensor cage that surrounds the pressure sensor. The sensor cage is connected to the housing by a circumferential weld seam only at one connection segment of the housing. In this way, it is possible to achieve a defined pre-tensioning of a metal diaphragm that is connected on the one hand to the sensor cage and on the other hand to the force transmitting element.

Abstract: A pressure sensor for measurements in a chamber of an internal combustion engine, in particular a pressure-measuring glowplug, comprises a housing, a pressure element for picking up a pressure, and a measuring element arranged in the housing downstream of the pressure element in the direction of the pressure and having a sensor element and a diaphragm. This diaphragm is permanently connected at its first end to the pressure element, and at its second end it is directly or indirectly permanently connected to the housing at a connection, with the pressure element being supported on the measuring element via the diaphragm.

Abstract: An electromechanical joining module for applying a linear force to a joining element, includes a stator, which represents the stationary part of the joining module, a tappet, which can be linearly extended out of the stator and which has an outer tappet end, and a force transducer for detecting forces that are applied to the joining element during the operation of the tappet end. The force transducer is attached in the area of the tappet end and has sensor electronics for wirelessly transmitting measurement data by means of near-field and far-field telemetry.

Abstract: The invention describes membrane protections for a sensor having a membrane, which membrane protection does not increase the external diameter of a sensor and can be easily removed from a hole in which the sensor is installed. The membrane protection can be fastened to an inner surface of a front region of a sensor using a clip system and thus forms a unit with the sensor. The membrane protection for a sensor which can be screwed into a hole of an installation part and is provided with a membrane in the front region. The membrane protection has a clip system in order to be internally fastened in the front region of such a sensor. The sensor has a membrane protection which is internally fitted to the front region of the sensor using a clip system.

Abstract: An adapter for pressure sensors for monitoring long-term cylinder pressures in internal combustion engines comprises a housing with a gas duct, a connection to a cylinder cover of an internal combustion engine, a rear opening of the gas duct from the housing with an apparatus for closing this rear opening in a gastight manner, and a connection for inserting a pressure sensor with a sensor membrane. The transition line of the opening in the gas duct, which is reached by the sensor membrane in the inserted state in order to be exposed to the gas pressure in the gas duct, is on a plane. The transition line forms the transition from the contour of the gas duct to the connection to the sensor. There is a continuous transition from the sensor membrane to the contour of the gas duct.

Abstract: A part to be mounted into force or pressure sensors includes an annular measuring element made of piezoelectric material. First and second electrodes rest against respective opposite sides of the measuring element and are provided with wires. An electrically insulating transmission member laterally adjoins the first electrode, across from the measuring element. Another electrically insulating insulation member laterally adjoins the second electrode, across from the measuring element. All components are mounted within the part in such a way as to be centered relative to each other. The external face of the transmission member and the external face of the insulation member which face away from and run parallel to the electrodes are designed in a very planar manner, having a levelness of less than 10 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical pressure sensor based on light intensity measurements and comprises at least one membrane and two parallel optical fibers. At least one first fiber has a fiber end and a light emission surface for emitting light in the direction of the membrane. At least one second fiber has a fiber end having a light admission surface for receiving the light reflected from the membrane and transmitting that reflected light. The light emission surface and the light admission surface of the two fibers are disposed facing away from each other. This changes the optical path of the light during use such that the light portion received by the at least one second fiber is very sensitive to the position of the membrane.

Abstract: A piezoelectric measuring element comprises at least one bar with transverse effect which can be used with two conductor technology. Poles comprising the metallizations, electrodes and lines in the measuring element are embodied with one or more piezoelectric bars with transverse effect such that the electric capacitances thereof with respect to the housing are identical. There can be a completely symmetrical design of the poles. A capacitor from one pole to the housing can correspond to the difference in capacitance of both poles to the environment.

Abstract: A multi-sensor head for installation in an installation opening of a workpiece that can be exposed to a process includes a first sensor site for receiving a first sensor and at least one second sensor site for receiving a second sensor, so that the first measured data can be captured with the first sensor and second measured data with the second sensor. The second sensor site is designed and disposed in the multi-sensor head such that it can be equipped with sensors of different types for performing a measurement. The multi-sensor head can be part of a measurement system using two exchangeable sensors of different types in the multi-sensor head. The multi-sensor head can be part of a workpiece.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for contactless determination of lateral offset relative to a straight-ahead direction when an object moves relative to an object with a stochastic surface structure, in which the surface structure is imaged on at least two similar photosensors arranged behind one another at a defined separation in the straight-ahead direction and having a spatially resolving longitudinal extent transverse to the straight-ahead direction, a spatial frequency signal corresponding to the surface structure is generated by the sensors, the spatial frequency signal of a second sensor in the movement direction is read, temporally shifted relative to the spatial frequency signal of the first sensor, such that the same, at least partially overlapping surface structure is imaged on both sensors, the spatial frequency signals of the first and second sensors are correlated to determine a correlation coefficient, and the lateral offset of the correlated spatial frequency signals on the sensors is determined.

Abstract: A piezoelectric sensor for bending moment measurements has measuring elements separating at their axes and electrically connecting both halves with their opposing directions of polarization. Such a sensor, mounted with its axis on the neutral bending axis of a machine structure, thus measures concurrently both tension and compression of the machine on both sides of the axis thereof.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor for measuring an acceleration comprises a housing including a measuring-plate, which has a first surface. The measuring plate has a second surface in parallel with and opposite to the first surface. A post is bonded via a post-bonding-face to the first surface. A temperature-compensating-element for compensating a temperature-effect caused by a temperature acting on the measuring-plate, is bonded via an element-bonding-face to the second surface of the measuring-plate. In addition, a sensor as described above is in a measuring device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component for installation in force or pressure sensors, in particular in a glow plug. The component comprises a disc-type or punched-disc type measuring element consisting of a piezoelectric material, punched-disc type or disc-type electrodes that lie on either side of the measuring element. The electrodes have contact points for contacting conductors. The component comprises in addition a respective transmission body or several transmission bodies that are located outside the electrodes, on either side of the latter. The measuring element, electrodes and transmission bodies are held together mechanically by an external, electrically insulating film.

Abstract: A sensor has a measuring element that measures forces. The measuring element measures direct forces or measurement variables which are converted into forces by means of a measurement variable converter in the sensor. The sensor includes a structure that converts test pressure guided into the sensor into a test force that stresses the measuring element in the same manner as the phenomenon that is to be measured by the sensor.