Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the height of the density layer in a material bed layered according to densities, such as in a jigging machine operation, utilizes a free-floating measuring body having a transmitter means embedded therein and a probe mechanism for monitoring the relative position of the body in the material bed. The measuring body is made of a material having a density equal to the relative densities of materials forming the separating line between two density levels and is able to move with the materials during the grading process. The probe mechanism is housed in a guide tube which extends in the direction of the density gradient through the material bed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for burning raw materials in the production of clinker from cement raw materials in which a portion of the cement raw materials are dried and partially deacidified under conditions which produce granules, while another portion of the raw materials in the form of finely divided meal is heat treated in a suspension type heat exchanger, and at least partly deacidified in a calciner forming part of the heat exchanger. The thus treated granules and meal are then mixed together and the mixture is treated in a thermal reactor such as a rotary kiln to complete deacidification and to cause the formation of the cement clinker.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for smelting an ore concentrate or the like in which the concentrate is first melted in an oxidizing atmosphere and the smelt is thereafter treated with reducing gases to recover the metal values. One of the features of the present invention resides in conducting the after-treatment by means of blowing reducing gases into the smelt with a plurality of separate lances to provide a lighter slag phase and a heavier metal-containing phase, and separately withdrawing the slag phase and the metal containing phase from the furnace. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the smelt is aftertreated in the sequence involving first blowing an oxidizing gas thereon, then blowing a neutral gas thereon, and finally blowing a reducing gas thereon prior to separating the slag phase from the metal phase.

Abstract: A valve-controlled internal combustion engine has the amount of twist in the combustion air flowing through a curved inlet channel to a valve chamber controlled by a control rod extending across the bottom wall of the inlet channel near the valve chamber and rotatable from outside the engine to change the cross sectional dimensions of the inlet channel and increase or decrease the twist in the flow of combustion air therepast.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for smelting an ore concentrate or the like wherein the concentrate is first melted in an oxidizing atmosphere and the smelt is aftertreated with reducing gases to recover the metal values. The improvement consists in positioning a plurality of rows of lances in a smelting reactor in the direction of molten metal flow, the spacing between the rows of lances being substantially greater than the spacing between individual lances in each row. The reducing gas is blown with a high kinetic energy through each lance to cause an area of toroidal bath movement to occur where the gases from each lance impinge against the moving smelt. The spacing between the rows of lances is sufficiently large so that a relatively quiescent zone exists between the areas of toroidal bath movement between each of the rows. The molten metal and a relatively metal-free slag are withdrawn separately from the furnace enclosure.

Abstract: An apparatus for gas-tight sealing of the connection points between a stationary machine part and a machine part which is rotationally mounted with respect thereto has an annular disc disposed adjacent to the connection point on one of the machine parts, the annular disc being surrounded by an annular channeled housing which spans the connection point and is mounted on the other of the machine parts. The housing contains at least one washer or packing ring which bears against the annular ring and further includes a structure for applying pressure to the washer to maintain the washer against the ring.

Abstract: A furnace system for smelting ore concentrate and the like which includes a furnace housing provided with wall means which divide the housing into a smelting shaft, an exhaust gas shaft and a settling hearth. The settling hearth and the smelting shaft are separated by a partition wall preventing gaseous interaction therebetween but permitting liquid flow therebetween. In accordance with the invention, the partition wall between the exhaust gas shaft and the smelting shaft, as well as the wall between the settling hearth and the smelting shaft and exhaust gas shaft comprises a supporting frame on which there are a plurality of interengaged cooling elements which are releasably secured to the supporting frame and are provided with means for circulating a coolant therethrough.

Abstract: An air-cooled internal combustion engine equipped with a hydronamic retarder is combined with a cooling system for the hydronamic retarder fluid. The system comprises a cooling air shroud for directing cooling air past the engine in cooling relationship thereto and a cooling air fan for pushing air through the shroud. The system further includes a retarder oil cooler located upstream from the fan remote from the engine and circuit means are provided for circulating retarder oil through the cooler. Exhaust valves are provided in the shroud and are positioned for diverting at least a portion of the cooling air flow from the shroud when the valves are open. Thus, the overall pressure loss of the system may be decreased and the total flow of cool air through the cooler may correspondingly be increased to increase the cooling efficiency in the cooler.

Abstract: An arrangement for heating the service cabin of a machine driven by an internal combustion engine, includes a hydraulic pump which is driven by the engine and which pumps oil from the engine's oil reservoir and through an operating element, as for example a throttle, located between the hydraulic pump and the heat exchanger. The heat produced in the operating element and in the hydraulic pump effects an increase in temperature of the oil before reaching a heat exchanger, located in the service cabin, through which the heated oil is returned to the oil reservoir. The pumped oil may be selectively valved directly back into the oil reservoir for quickly heating the oil of the engine, and the hydraulic pump may be arranged for the taking of oil from the pressurized oil lines of the engine's lubricating oil distribution system rather than directly from the oil reservoir.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the pyrometallurgical production of copper, from copper bearing sources such as sulfidic ores and/or concentrates. The copper bearing source is smelted into matte and a primary slag in a smelting process, and the matte is converted into blister copper and converter slag in a converter. The smelting is carried out under conditions of high oxygen potential to produce a matte and a primary slag both having relatively high copper contents. The primary slag and the converter slag are withdrawn and preferably mixed together, followed by reduction of both slags by means of gaseous reducing agents to produce additional amounts of copper and to render the slags virtually copper free.

Abstract: A method for burning fine-grained material particularly for the manufacture of cement clinker wherein a stream of the raw cement meal is sequentially treated at progressively increasing temperatures in a preheating stage, a pre-calcining stage, a calcining stage, and a sintering stage. The improvements involve introducing one or more deacidified raw meal fractions into the stream at one of a variety of possible locations so that recarbonation does not occur.

Abstract: An arrangement for heating the service cabin of a motor vehicle having a work implement thereon for use such as in agriculture or earth moving includes an oil distribution system having a hydraulic pump for feeding the oil from an oil reservoir associated with the vehicle and through oil conduits back to the reservoir. The oil is heated during operation of a hydraulic apparatus provided for operating the work implement which is coupled into the oil conduit for heating the service cabin area. An operating element in the form of a throttle is coupled in parallel into the oil conduits, and a return conduit leads from the throttle to the oil reservoir via the heat exchanger. A selectively operated valve in the conduits is provided for valving the oil from the reservoir to the hydraulic apparatus or to the operating element for selectively heating the oil fed through the heat exchanger.RELATED APPLICATIONSThis application relates to U.S. Ser. No. 123,169, filed Feb. 20, 1980 and to U.S. Ser. No.

Abstract: In a device for the gasification of carbon and/or carbon-containing media, in particular for the continuous production of a gas essentially containing CO and H.sub.2 with a molten bath of iron or an iron alloy, a reactor receives the carbon-containing media and oxidizing gasification media under the surface of the molten bath, and outlets are provided for gas and for removing at least one liquid phase, in particular slag. The reactor is stationary and is tightly sealed to a gas outlet and to a liquid outlet. In a wall region of the reactor and close to the floor thereof a plurality of nozzles are provided for feeding the gasification media. The nozzles are distributed almost symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane which extends axially with respect to the liquid outlet and to the reactor floor about the circumference of the wall region.

Abstract: A centrifuge is disclosed designed either as a solid bowl centrifuge or separator for separating solids/liquids mixtures. A centrifuge drum having an outer jacket is provided with apertures positioned in the jacket. Through the apertures at least a partial discharge of concentrated solids phase occurs thereto. A control device preferably in the form of a disk provides a surface spaced at a small interval from the apertures so as to prevent the flow of solids/liquids through the aperture except when a discontinuity such as a recess or cut-out in the surface occurs so as to allow flow through the aperture.

Abstract: A furnace assembly of the type used for melting of ore concentrate, wherein at least one separating wall is provided within the confines of the furnace to dip into the melt and divides the furnace space into separate melting, settling, and exhaust spaces. The specific improvement of the present invention involves providing a separating wall which is composed of individual metallic cooling elements in a stacked arrangement with each cooling element being provided with means for passing a coolant therethrough.

Abstract: A stepped grate-type cooler of the type employing a plurality of spaced grate plate carriers, alternate carriers being stationary and the carriers positioned between the stationary carriers being reciprocable relative thereto. Each of the grate plate carriers includes transversely extending carrier beams with carrier fingers extending therefrom. A plurality of grate plates is carried by each of the carrier fingers, and the clearance between the stationary carrier beam and a reciprocable carrier beam is greater than the width of each of the grate plates in a region extending from the mid position of the reciprocable carriers to either extreme end of the reciprocation travel of the carriers. With this type of structure, it is considerably more convenient to remove individual grate plates since this can be accomplished from the bottom rather than going through the hot gases in the cooler.

Abstract: A haying machine has a frame on which is fixed an upright threaded spindle defining an upright axis. A nut is threaded on this spindle so that rotation of the nut on the spindle displaces it axially along the spindle. A rigid wheel support has one end fixed to the nut and another end defining a horizontal axis about which a wheel rotates. A spring assembly normally urges the wheel with the associated support nut into a predetermined angular position corresponding to straight-ahead travel of the haying machine on the spindle. In order to adjust the height of the wheel it is merely rotated in the appropriate direction about the spindle with its associated nut and support.

Abstract: An air valve for a wet settling machine includes a trapezoidal cross-section valve seat and a valve disk carried on a shaft. The shaft is directly actuated in alternate directions via an electromagnet surrounding the shaft and including a pair of oppositely poled magnetic sections.

Abstract: A connecting conduit arrangement with several branch sections which lead to attachment points where hollow fasteners are provided. The arrangement includes a drain conduit connectible to injector-nozzle holders of internal combustion engines with fuel injection. A one-piece conduit is included in the arrangement having at least one branch section. The branch section is bent at an angle of about 180.degree. in the vicinity of the attachment point to provide a bent branch section. A connecting part is also disclosed which is operatively associated with the hollow fastener belonging therewith.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of finely divided materials, such as those used in the manufacture of cement. In the improved method of the present invention, two rows of suspension gas heat exchanges are provided, each row including a plurality of cyclone separators. A calcination furnace is connected to one of the rows, and a material cooler is connected to the other of the rows. In a preferred form of the invention, the row connected to the calcination furnace has at least one cyclone separator less than the row connected to the material cooler. A combustion device is also provided in conjunction with the material cooler to make more efficient use of the calcination furnace.