Abstract: Method and apparatus for cooling a hot gas stream containing suspended finely divided particles wherein a cooling fluid is circulated through confined cooling elements located in a large flow housing, the gas stream to be cooled passing exteriorly of the cooling elements in countercurrent heat exchange relationship therewith. The cooling fluid is circulated through the cooling elements in a confined path and cleaning means are provided inside the cooling elements which are arranged to impact the cooling elements periodically to thereby dislodge particles adhering to the exterior surfaces of such cooling elements.

Abstract: A heating system for the service cabin of a machine operated by an internal combustion engine includes a high-pressure supply pump for feeding oil from the engine oil sump through an oil conduit and returning it thereto, a pressure-reducing element in the conduit for elevating the temperature of the oil, a line by-passing the element and having a flow control valve therein, a heat exchanger connected into the conduit downstream of the element, the pump being located within the internal combustion engine together with its high pressure line to thereby confine any high pressure leaks from such line to the interior of the engine and its oil sump.

Abstract: A haymaking machine of the type having a pair of raking wheels rotatable about generally upright axes in the same sense or in opposite senses depending upon the type of haymaking operation involved. In order to provide a resilient characteristic to the prongs which is the same in both senses of rotation, each prong is mounted swingably on a pivot member whose bolt is connected to one end of a stack of spring-steel strips forming a torsion spring. The latter extends through a tube fixed to the frame of the wheel and is anchored to this tube by another sleeve whose angular position relative to the tube can be adjusted.

Abstract: A device for the gasification of carbon containing material to obtain the continuous production of gas, essentially a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, by using the molten metal bath process is provided. The carbon material, oxidizing agents, and slag-forming additives as needed are introduced into a reactor below the surface of a molten metal bath. The reactor is provided with outlets for the slag, gases, and molten metal. The reactor is also provided with the ability to tilt, swivel, or rotate about a horizontal axis. This rotational movement causes the molten metal bath to alter its location within the reactor, allowing for replacement of the input apparatus of the raw materials, which are normally below the surface, without the necessity of draining the molten metal bath from the reactor.

Abstract: Liquid droplets in a freely falling stream are applied as a liquid reaction agent in the generation of a spatially-limited convective reaction system in such a way as that at least a portion of the droplets penetrate into the surface of the molten bath to interact with the molten metal.

Abstract: A solid bowl centrifuge for separating substances of varying densities particularly for separating solid liquid mixtures having a self-emptying feature where the heavier material is discharged through an annular gap, the size of which is controlled by an annular slide valve separated by a pressure chamber and spring biasing means with the pressure chamber operative to close the valve and capable or rapid movements of the valve and moving the valve to a predetermined position by virtue of control valves and a measuring or dosing valve for the hydraulic fluid delivered to the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A device for attaching a filter mesh to the drum of a rotary vacuum drum filter has a number of support elements uniformly disposed about the circumference of the drum and extending along the axial length thereof for carrying the filter mesh and forming individual cells beneath the mesh. At least one filter mesh clamping element is provided between adjacent support elements which includes a spacing body attached to the exterior drum wall and a strip disposed thereabove on the filter mesh and a retainer joining the strip and the spacing body. The spacing body has approximately the same height as the support elements so that the filter mesh is not deformed by the attachment.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a rotary valve-driven jigging machine for processing coal or other minerals, particularly for a rotary valve-driven throughput jigging machine whose pulse chambers periodically are charged with compressed air in order to generate a pulse motion and are disposed under the jig screen, is characterized in that the level of the working air pressure in the pulse chambers is changed as a function of changes of the size of the stroke of the separating liquid. The change of the level of the working air pressure in the pulse chambers occurs by a controlled throttling of the outgoing air and/or of the incoming air.

Abstract: A heating system for heating the oil of a machine having a hydraulic or lubricating oil system includes a high-pressure supply pump and a throttling element for heating the medium while reducing the pressure, the pump supplying the lubricating points of the machine at the reduced pressure either via the pressure-reducing element or via a by-pass thereto with a low flow resistance. Heat removed from the heating medium by a heat exchanger may be transferred to the service cabin of the machine for space heating purposes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for burning fine-grain material, particularly for the manufacture of cement clinker from cement raw meal. The material is thermally treated in a multistage burning process with a pre-heating stage, a calcining stage with a high-degree of calcination, a sintering stage in a very short rotary kiln and a cooling stage. Fuel is introduced both into the sintering stage in the short rotary kiln as well as into the calcinating stage. Hot exhaust air from the cooling stage is supplied both to the sintering stage as well as to the calcining stage as furnace air. The invention also relates to an apparatus for the manufacture of mineral products of the burning process such as cement clinker.

Abstract: The present invention deals with an improved pyrometallurgical furnace system of the type in which the melt and/or slag comes into contact with cooled furnace walls. The improvements of the present invention are directed to mechanical structures in which the cooling elements are sectionalized and are releasably secured to cooling element carriers, with pivotal means being provided to enable the cooling element carriers to be pivoted into position providing access to the cooling elements which are releasably secured to the carriers.

Abstract: A device for obtaining large amounts of combustible gas from carbonaceous materials, such as wood chunks and other wood waste material, by gasification of such wood material resulting in partial combustion thereof has a gas-tight combustion chamber having a rectangular cross section and having a material charging device and an ash discharge device respectively disposed at upper and lower portions thereof. The chamber has a number of gas removal lines connected thereto and has a number of air nozzles uniformly disposed in longitudinal walls of the chamber in at least one plane as well as a number of uniformly spaced air supply lances which extend to a central interior portion of the chamber for supplying air for aiding combustion of the material therein. The device may be subdivided into a number of individual chambers by partitions disposed in the chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating the cabin of a vehicle operated by an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes a pump for circulating hot oil from the engine sump and a heat exchanger for heating cabin air with heat from the oil. A throttle valve is mounted downstream from the pump to heat the oil and provide a source of heat particularly during warm-up periods. Also the apparatus includes an adjustable flow apportioning valve for selectively and adjustably dividing the flow of oil downstream from the throttle valve into two separate streams. The heat from one of the separate streams is then recycled directly into the oil at the pump suction. This arrangement maximizes the efficient useage of the heat generated in the throttle for cabin heating purposes. Also disclosed is an improved throttle valve for use in connection with the heating apparatus.

Abstract: A heat pump assembly comprises a refrigeration circuit including an evaporator, a compressor and a capacitor, and an internal combustion engine for driving the compressor and being coupled therewith by a detachable coupling. A heating circuit is disposed in communication with the capacitor and includes a space heat exchanger for the heating of space by heat absorbed from the capacitor, and further includes the engine, a heat exchanger in a communication with an exhaust pipe extending from the engine, and a retarder driven by the engine for the torque loading of same. Space is thus further heated by the engine and the emissions therefrom, and the retarder comprises an electric braking arrangement by which energy to be dissipated is converted into heat by eddy currents produced in a solid conductor.

Abstract: A jacketed centrifuge for exchanging material between liquids, usually a heavier liquid containing suspended solids and a lighter liquid, including a housing in which there is a drum mounted for rotation, and a conveyor worm mounted for rotation coaxially therewith. Inlet and outlet means are provided for introducing a relatively light liquid into the drum, as well as introducing the heavier liquid containing the solids suspended therein. Many of the elements of novelty are centered around the discharge means which are used for discharging solids from the drum. Basically, the drum is enlarged radially in the vicinity of the discharge means and is provided with various types of devices for discharging the solids into the discharge zone in a controlled manner.

Abstract: A double drum vacuum filter with drums positioned parallel to one another with a gap therebetween and rotating in opposite directions with suction applied within the foraminous drums to remove filtrate from a solid which forms on the surface with tapered extraction tubes within the drum angled at an angle greater than 90.degree. relative to the drum surface and with stripping devices disposed on the downrunning side of the drums below the center thereof.

Abstract: An auxiliary heating apparatus is used in conjunction with a primary heater system which includes a heat exchange for heating air by indirect heat exchange with a fluid stream containing engine heat. The auxiliary heater apparatus comprises a fluid pump, a throttle valve for reducing the pressure of and thereby heating the auxiliary heating fluid, and an air heat exchanger arranged in series with the primary heat exchanger on the air side.

Abstract: An arrangement for heating the oil contained within an oil reservoir of a machine or of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle includes a hydraulic pump for suctioning the oil from the reservoir and returning it thereto through an oil conduit into which the pump is coupled. At least one operating element in the form of a throttle is coupled into the conduit at the pressure side of the pump for constricting the flow of oil through the conduit, and the pump is coupled with a source of power to be thereby driven. Thus, the temperature of the oil within the reservoir may be elevated by operation of the pump together with the operating element for improving upon the startability of the machine or engine and for sustaining early operation after the start of the machine or engine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for regulating the differential rpm of two rotating parts, such as the external drum and internal worm conveyor of a worm centrifuge, undertakes an electronic measurement and sampling of the rotational during the course of operation of a particular device under speeds of each part and supplies this information to a microprocessor which calculates the respective rotational speeds of the parts and relays a signal to the drive device for one of the parts in order to maintain a preselected rpm differential between the rotational speeds of the two parts. Different characteristic curves are stored in the microprocessor for optimum rpm differential during the course of operation of a particular device under different conditions, such as for different sludge consistencies in the case of use with a centrifuge. If deviation of the actual rotational speed of one of the parts from the optimum value is detected, the microprocessor operates to return operation to the optimum values.

Abstract: A method for the production of low alkali-cement clinker from alkali-containing raw material comprising a preheating step, a deacidification step and a sintering step utilizes a portion of the alkali-containing exhaust gases from the sintering step which are mixed with deacidified combustion gases from the deacidification step and reintroduced into the system in contact with the raw material to preheat and precalcity the raw material in a plurality of cyclones.