Abstract: A differential pumping system in which a vacuum chamber is manufactured to have a plurality of vacuum pumps and conductance limit plates between the vacuum pumps. The differential pumping system in which an ion is implanted from an ionization source, passes through the vacuum chamber and is detected by a detection unit includes a plurality of vacuum pumps in the vacuum chamber and one or more conductance limit plates between the vacuum pumps, and the conductance limit plates form an angle less than 90° with the transmission direction of the ion. According to such a constitution, higher degree of vacuum and the ion transmission efficiency are maintained without increasing the length of the vacuum chamber. Furthermore, it is possible to minimize the attenuation of an ion detection signal due to a collision with a neighboring neutral molecule, improving the sensitivity of an ion detection device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for manufacturing manganese oxide nanotubes/nanorods using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. In the inventive methods, the manganese oxide nanotubes/nanorods are manufactured in mild conditions using only a manganese oxide precursor and an anodic aluminum oxide template without using any solvent. The nanotubes/nanorods having uniform size can be easily obtained by adsorbing the manganese oxide precursor onto the surface of the anodic aluminum oxide template by a vacuum forming process using a vacuum filtration apparatus so as to maintain the shape of nanotubes/nanorods and drying the manganese oxide nanotubes. The manganese oxide nanotubes/nanorods made according to the inventive methods can be used as economic hydrogen reservoirs, the electrode of lithium secondary batteries, or the energy reservoirs of vehicles or other transport means.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus and method for improving the signal by changing the voltage applied to an analyzing trap of a high resolving power Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. More specifically, after the ion activation, a voltage different from that of a trap electrode is applied to an additional electrode in the center of the trap electrode, and the voltage is maintained until the end of a detection cycle. Applying the above method, the stability of the ions confined in a trap is more increased, and therefore, the detected time domain signal is being lengthened. The lengthened time domain signal results in an increase of the frequency or an improvement of the resolving power and the sensitivity of the mass-to-charge domain signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for phosphorylation site-specific labeling of phosphoproteome with a site-specific tagging reagent and analyzing of the resulting labeled one, more especially, a method for in-situ tagging of phosphorylation sites of phosphoproteins retained in polymeric gel with a nucleophilic tagging reagent. It also relates a method for generating new proteolytic cleavable sites at formerly phosphorylation sites by a proper choice of a nucleophilic tagging reagent. It also relates to a method for phosphopeptides analysis and phosphorylation site identification by in-gel digestion of the previously in-gel tagged proteins and subsequent mass analysis of the resulting peptides. The invention provides in-gel chemical tagging method for phosphoaminoacid residue of phosphoproteins retained in polymeric gel matrix. Phosphoprotein can be immobilized into gel matrix by a variety of methods such as gel electrophoresis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method for tagging of carbohydrates with active methylene compound. Particularly, it relates to the method for tagging of carbohydrates with active methylene compound comprising the step of preparing carbohydrate conjugate in which carbohydrate and methylene compound are combined by mixing carbohydrate mixture and methylene compound under aqueous polar aprotic solvent containing amine base catalyst. The tagging method of the present invention does not need many kinds of chemical reagent and the reactions can be taken even in the presence of certain amount of impurities. So, it can be used for the analysis of oligosaccharide present in the various kinds of samples.

Abstract: A Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) is provided. A preamplifier is installed as nearest to an ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) trap as possible at a detector part in the mass spectrometer, and thermal noise generated at the preamplifier is minimized by means of a cryo-cooling system to increase a signal-to-noise ratio of ion detection signals such that an ultra-low amount of specimen can be detected, which was impossible in the related art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of analyzing protein modification. The method of invention for analyzing protein distribution and characteristics on one-dimensional gel provides the way to analyze proteins of samples on one-dimensional gel quantitatively and provides information on interactions among proteins and further can be effectively used for the development of a novel diagnostic and therapeutic method for a disease by screening a disease marker protein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid ion guide which combines the advantages of the conventional electrostatic ion guide and the RF ion guide, comprising an electrostatic ion guide for transmitting the injected ions and applying a voltage for the ions to be focused upon the center axis of the ion transmission direction, and an RF ion guide which is connected to the electrostatic ion guide and passes the ions focused upon the center of the axis of the ion transmission direction. From the constitution of the hybrid ion guide, ion transmission efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a neutral particle beam processing apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a neutral particle beam processing apparatus comprising a plasma discharging space inside which processing gases are converted to plasma ions through a plasma discharge, a heavy metal plate which converts the plasma ions into neutral particles through collisions, a plasma limiter which prevents plasma ions and electrons from passing through and allows the neutral particles produced by collisions of the plasma ions with the heavy metal plate to pass through, and a treating housing inside which a substrate to be treated is located, wherein the plasma discharging space is sandwiched between the heavy metal plate and the plasma limiter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a probe unit for nuclear magnetic resonance. The probe unit includes a cylindrical outer conductor, a cylindrical central conductor concentrically disposed in the outer conductor, a membrane assembly and fluid paths guiding the flow of fluid in the space between the central and outer conductors. By applying a RF current between the outer and central conductors, a sensing magnetic field is generated in a radial direction. Accordingly, it is possible to detect in real time and in situ, variations of characteristics as well as spatial distribution changes, of a fluid under reaction and/or passing through the fluid paths in the space between the central and outer conductors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of analyzing mass of the phosphoproteins or phosphopeptides and of analyzing phosphorylated positions at a phosphoprotein or phosphopeptide, comprising the steps of: 1) dephosphorylating at least one Ser and/or Thr residue of the phosphoprotein or phosphopeptide; 2) tagging the dephosphorylated amino acid residues with a tag having a R-L-G moiety wherein R is a nucleophilic functional group that selectively bind with dephosphorylated amino acid residues, G is selected from the group consisting of guanidine moiety or protected guanidine moiety such as a mono-N-protected guanidino group, a di-N,N?-protected guanidino group and an N?-protected guanidino group, and L is a linker linking the R and the G; and 3) subjecting the tagged proteins or peptides to mass spectrometry. The method is capable of precisely analyzing mass of phosphoproteins of trace amounts as well as positions of phosphoryated amino acids.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for simultaneously measuring integrated reflectivity of X-rays with different orders of reflections in crystal. Continuous X-rays are incident into the crystal and reflection intensities of the X-rays reflected from the crystal with different orders of reflections are measured based on Bragg's law, thereby measuring reflectivity of X-rays with different orders of reflections.

Abstract: A process for preparation of RNA using an affinity column and a DNAzyme is disclosed. By the process, a target RNA can be mass-produced with a high yield, a high resolution and a high purification efficiency. The process includes the steps of preparing a RNA adduct including a target RNA and a tail RNA sequence which is affixed to the 3′-terminal of the target RNA and can complementary combine with an oligo-dN sequence of an oligo-dN affinity column; purifying the RNA adduct by combining the RNA adduct to the oligo-dN affinity column; and obtaining the target RNA by cleaving the purified RNA adduct with a DNAzyme. Preferably, the process for preparation of RNA further includes the steps of removing a RNA fragment cleaved by the DNAzyme by using an affinity column; and decomposing the DNAzyme with a DNA nuclease, and then removing decomposed DNAzyme fragments with a gel filtration column.

Abstract: Disclosed is an X-ray tube for generating X-rays linearly focused in a vertical or horizontal direction in accordance with the orientation of a filament used. The X-ray tube includes a linear filament arranged at a cathode included in the X-ray tube, the linear filament serving to allow an anode included in the X-ray tube to generate line-focused X-rays. The X-ray tube according to the present invention can be applied to a calibration for X-ray spectroscopes, or various applications requiring line-focused X-rays.

Abstract: An improved overvoltage automatic prevention apparatus having individual fault displays and permanent ground functions capable of rapidly and safely protecting load parts of the system from overvoltage caused by a thunderbolt or surge and protecting the communication system by providing automatically operable permanent ground and individual fault display functions when a series of overvoltage is applied thereto, so that easier fault checks, system management, and maintenance is possible, which includes a gas tube connected to subscriber lines and both sides of the electrode surfaces having grooves and having a ground electrode connected to the ground; melting insulation materials inserted into the grooves and defining openings formed at recesses; a permanent ground-side spring connection bar inserted into the openings of the melting insulation materials and receiving a ground electrode of the gas tube and having protruded contact points formed on the inner sides of both connection plates; and a fault display

Abstract: An improved overcurrent automatic prevention apparatus having an individual fault display and permanent ground functions capable of automatically detecting whether overcurrent flows to a switch, which occurs due to a short of communication cables and properly limiting the overcurrent flow thereto, and when overcurrent exceeding a threshold value continuously flows thereto, permanently blocking a cable line and a ground side so as to prevent characteristic changes of a current limiting device and system breakage, and when it is possible to individually display fault states in order to easily check the system by providing an individual fault display device, visually checking a switch, and preventing possible faults in the system, thus increasing the efficiency of the operation, management and maintenance of the communication system, which includes a melting insulation material deposited on the upper surface of an input terminal of the semiconductor; a ground-side spring contact point disposed on the melting ins