Abstract: A method of removing mercury from a mercury-containing flue gas, especially flue gas from a refuse incinerator, is provided. The mercury-containing flue gas may also contain dust, further heavy metals, and further gaseous noxious gas components. The mercury, using an alkali sulfide solution, especially sodium sulfide solution, and in particular sodium tetrasulfide solution, is converted to mercury sulfide and the mercury sulfide is precipitated out via a dust separator. The alkali sulfide solution is introduced into the flue gas accompanied by the simultaneous addition of heat.

Abstract: In a method for operating a corner burner of a tangential burner system, at least a first air stream of coal dust and primary air is tangentially introduced to a imaginary horizontal circle in the combustion chamber of the tangential burner system via a nozzle of the corner burner. An additional air stream is introduced into the combustion chamber in a direction toward a chamber wall of the combustion chamber at an adjustable offset angle relative to the first air stream. The offset angle can be adjusted by providing the additional air stream as mixed air stream of at least two partial air streams of different adjustable flow velocity. A first partial air stream within the nozzle flows straight into the outlet opening of the nozzle, and the second partial air stream flows angularly into the first partial air stream upstream of the outlet opening. The nozzle has a mixing chamber arranged upstream of the outlet opening.

Abstract: The method for generating steam with concentrated solar radiation includes the step of heating an absorber by solar radiation and directing a stream of air through the absorber to produce a heated air. The heated air is guided through a heat storage device provided for compensating short-term temperature fluctuations. Steam is generated with the heated air and is thereby cooled. At least a portion of the cooled air is returned to the upstream side of the absorber. The device for preforming the method includes a tower having an air heating device with a solar radiation absorber connected to the top of the tower. An air inlet for introducing air into the air heating device is provided. A steam generator is connected to the tower downstream of the air heating device. A heated air channel is arranged at the tower for guiding the heated air from the air heating device to the steam generator.

Abstract: A burner is provided for a furnace having at least one windbox that is supplied with air for combustion and has extending therethrough at least one such burner, which opens out toward the combustion chamber. The burner has at least one primary air channel, which is supplied from the outside with a coal dust/air mixture, at least one secondary air channel, which surrounds the primary air channel, and at least one tertiary air channel, which surrounds the secondary air channel. The secondary and tertiary air channels can be supplied with air from the windbox in a regulated manner. Along a rotationally symmetrical portion of an outer surface of each of the secondary and tertiary air channels there is respectively provided at least one air inlet opening. Respective annular valve sections are rotatably disposed about one of the rotationally symmetrical portions of the secondary and tertiary air channels.

Abstract: A process and system for cooling a dust-laden raw or untreated gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a pressurized reactor. The gas from the reactor is introduced into a quench pipe that has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the reactor, and to which is supplied a quenching medium for direct cooling. The gas emerging from the outlet end of the quench pipe is deflected essentially by 180.degree. and, counter to the flow of the gas in the quench pipe, is guided through a cooling section that surrounds the quench pipe and is incorporated in a water-steam circuit.

Abstract: A high-temperature receiver for converting concentrated solar radiation has a channel with an inlet and an outlet. An areal air-permeable support element is connected to the inlet. An absorber structure for absorbing solar radiation is supported by the support element and is made of an air-permeable mat material. Air is transported as a cooling medium through the absorber structure in a flow direction identical to a direction in which the solar radiation hits the absorber structure. The mat material has a first density in an area where the solar radiation enters the absorber structure and a second density in an area where the absorber structure faces the support element. The first density is lower than the second density. The first density favors absorption of the solar radiation and the second density provides for a secure fastening of the absorber structure on the support element.

Abstract: With a method and apparatus for the percussive cleaning of objects disposed in a chamber that is under process pressure, whereby an elongated percussive element is held below and in contact with the object that is to be cleaned and percussive energy is applied to the percussive element via an accelerated elongated striker, it is provided for a more simple pressure balancing that at least during the acceleration of the striker, the two ends of the striker be maintained at the same pressure, which essentially corresponds to the pressure in the process chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating steam in a forced-through-flow boiler. During operation, water is conveyed through a preheater, an evaporator and, if needed, a superheater. For such a boiler operated with waste heat, the evaporator is divided into at least two sections, a first one of which is supplied with water at the beginning of a start-up phase and is included in a water circulation, while a second one of the evaporator sections, starting from a dry state, is gradually supplied with water in a controlled manner until, in an operating state, water successively flows through both of the evaporator sections. During the start-up phase, and if desired in low load states, a water-steam mixture is conveyed to a separation tank, from which steam is withdrawn and separated feed water is supplied to the preheater.

Abstract: A method of burning waste comprised essentially of plastic, especially PVC waste. The waste is burned in a revolving cylindrical furnace accompanied by the addition to the waste of at least one finely ground solid additive having at least one component with a melting temperature higher than the melting temperature of the plastic of the waste.

Abstract: A solar device has an air receiver with a housing and an absorber connected within the housing. The absorber is heated by solar radiation. The absorber has an upstream side and a downstream side, wherein a stream of air is guided through the absorber from the upstream side to the downstream side and heated to generate heated air and wherein said heated air is cooled to produce useable heat energy and cooled air. A device for returning at least a portion of the cooled air as return air in a plurality of partial streams to the absorber is provided for guiding the partial streams through the absorber counter to the stream of air without mixing therewith from the downstream side to the upstream side. A device for deflecting the partial stream at the upstream side is provided for deflecting the partial streams toward the upstream side.

Abstract: A device for cooling a gas that forms deposits has an upright container through which the gas to be cooled flows. At least two heating surface units with at least one heating surface of a closed geometry are provided. The heating surface units are positioned within the upright container one atop the other. A cooling medium flows through the heating surface units. Each heating surface has coordinated therewith a beating device. The container has a support and an upper one of the heating surface units is supported at the support of the container. At least one array of connecting tubes for conveying the cooling medium is provided. The array of connecting tubes connects respectively a lower one of the heating surfaces units to an adjacent upper one of the heating surface units such that the cooling medium flows sequentially through the heating surface units.

Abstract: In a method for operating a combination of a gas turbine process and a steam turbine process, in which the superimposed boosted gas turbine process is operated with compressed air and a combustible fluid, and the steam turbine process is operated via a fluidized bed furnace with a carbonaceous solid fuel, whereby the combustion in the fluidized bed furnace is performed with the oxygen-containing exhaust gases of the superimposed gas turbine process and electrical energy is generated with both processes, the efficiency is increased by expanding the exhaust gases of the superimposed gas turbine process only to an extent to which the fluidized bed furnace is operable as a pressurized fluidized bed and subjecting the exhaust gases of the pressurized fluidized bed furnace, after removing solid particles, to a second gas turbine process for further expansion and then to a heat exchange with the compressed air of the superimposed gas turbine process; the air for the superimposed gas turbine process is subjected to a

Abstract: A method of removing dust from a dust-laden gas using gas-permeable filter elements that are disposed in tanks, with the gas flowing through the filter elements from the outside to the inside thereof and depositing dust on the outer surfaces thereof. Deposited dust is removed from the filter elements by pressurized gas cleaning pulses applied to the interior of the filter elements. A plurality of tanks are supplied in parallel with partial streams of the dust-laden gas. The ratios of the pressure differentials that occur across the filter elements to the flow rates of the individual partial streams, which ratios increase with time during the formation of a dust layer, are determined. When the ratio of one of the tanks reaches an experimentally determined limiting value, this tank and all of the other tanks are simultaneously cleaned.

Abstract: In known separators, some of the solids trapped in the trapping chutes may be prevented from being discharged at the wall due to by-pass currents at the lower end of the trapping chutes. To improve the discharge of the separated dust, the lower end of each trapping chute that is adjacent to the wall is provided with an outlet channel piece extending to the wall and having a slot-like outlet opening resting at the wall and opening downward; and sheet metal deflectors are arranged between the outlet channel pieces of each layer of trapping chutes at a distance from each other and from the wall, which form between them delimit slots for the passage of gas. The separator is preferably used to separate solids from the ascending flue gas in a fluidized bed furnace.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system that can be operated or controlled under pressure is provided. To eliminate the erosion or abrasion to which heat exchangers located in a fluidized bed combustion chamber are subjected due to the flue dust contained in the flue gas, no thermal withdrawal or exchange takes place in the combustion chamber of the inventive fluidized bed combustion system, although the reaction conditions remain the same. At least one controllable line for returning to the combustion chamber part of the flue gas, if necessary cooled by heat exchangers variously arranged outside the combustion chamber, branches off from the flue gas line downstream of a dust separator that is disposed in the flue gas line downstream of the combustion chamber. The main area of application is the production of electrical energy and heat for the generation of steam, as process heat, or as heat for a remote site, by means of a fluidized bed combustion system that can be operated or controlled under pressure.

Abstract: An arrangement for the protection of tube sections of platen-like heat-transfer surfaces disposed in a gas conduit against wear by gases laden with solid particles. A wear-protection element can be withdrawn from the gas conduit, in the direction of the lengthwise direction thereof, without the need to first loosen a fixed connection to the tube sections that are to be protected. The wear-protection element can be in the form of a rotatable deflector that protects the rounded end portions of tubes, or can be in the form of a solid section that protects linear tube sections.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning carbonaceous materials in a fluidized bed reactor comprising a bottom region and a top region, and containing a fluidized bed, with the heat of combustion being dissipated at least via wall cooling surfaces, and comprising a recirculation system, including a labyrinth separator for recirculating the separated solids to the bottom region of the fluidized bed reactor. The solids are separated from the rising flow of flue gas by the labyrinth separator, which is disposed directly in the top region of the fluidized bed reactor, and are conveyed in the reactor itself along the wall cooling surfaces and are supplied to the bottom region of the reactor, either freely or in closed or partly or completely open recirculation passages. The main area of application is with a steam generator.

Abstract: Firing equipment that can be operated under turbocharge for a steam generator, especially fluidized bed firing equipment that includes a turbocharged firing mechanism. At least two successively arranged air compressors are provided, including a first compressor that is driven by a first turbine, which is disposed on a common shaft with the first compressor, and forms together with the latter a turbocharger, with the energy needed for driving the first compressor being extracted from the flue gas of the turbocharged firing mechanism. An air preheater is disposed between the second compressor and the firing mechanism, with flue gas being supplied thereto. A second turbine drives the second compressor. At least during turbocharged operation of the firing mechanism, the flue gas is conveyed at high temperature first to the second turbine and then to the air preheater. An electrical apparatus that is operable at least as a generator is operatively associated with the second compressor and the second turbine.

Abstract: An apparatus in the form of an air preheater for preheating air for combustion for a combustion process by acting upon the air with hot, NO.sub.x -containing flue gases from the same or an independent combustion process. At the same time, the NO.sub.x contained in the flue gases is reduced. A regenerative or recuperative type air preheater is used, with thoses surfaces of the heat exchange elements which are exposed to the flue gas being provided with a coating which acts as a catalyst for the NO.sub.x reduction. The heat exchange elements are coated only in a region which as a flue gas temperature greater than the condensation temperature of the reaction products of the materials contained in the flue gas and of the added reducing agent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for scrubbing flue gases coming from a firing unit. After absorbent has been added to the firing unit and/or to the flue gases, the flue gases are divided into at least two partial streams, one of which is immediately conveyed to a dust separator, and the other of which is first conveyed through a finishing reaction section, and only then to a dust separator.