Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a coal/water mixture for combustion in a fluidized bed unit. To produce a hydraulically transportable coal/water mixture, crushed raw coal is preliminarily mixed with water in a first stage. This mixture is final mixed in a second mixing stage. The fine grain-size fraction required for the hydraulic transport is generated in the first mixing stage. The viscosity of the mixture present in the second mixing stage is determined, and as a function thereof additional water is added to the mixture in the second mixing stage, and/or the mixing process in the first mixing stage is altered in order to alter the fine grain-size fraction.

Abstract: The tuyere (3) is clamped in place with its inlet end by way of an integrally formed flange (4) in a flange connection (5) of a pipe adapter (6) attached to the wall (2) on the outside, and a pipe connection (7), the outlet end of this tuyere being freely extended through the wall (2) up into the chamber (1) traversed by the flow. The primary field of application is the use of the tuyere in the treatment of hot flue gas having a temperature of 700.degree. to 1100.degree. C. with a reducing agent for decreasing nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A radiation cooling unit for cooling dust-laden gas. At least one cylindrical radiation heat transfer surface is disposed in a tank adjacent to, and extending essentially along the length of, an inner wall of the tank. First knock-or impact-beating devices disposed externally of the tank act upon the cylindrical heat transfer surface through the wall of the tank. A plurality of essentially radially and axially extending, partition-like radiation heat transfer surfaces are disposed within a free space in the tank, and each comprise axially extending tubes and at least one header. Second knock- or impact-beating devices are disposed externally of the tank, extend through the cylindrical heat transfer surface, and act upon radially outwardly disposed edges of the partition-like heat transfer surfaces, with the length-to-width ratio of the latter being such that they are adapted to be accelerated and cleaned by the second knock- or impact-beating devices.

Abstract: A machining device includes a toolholder (24) displaceable in three coordinates (X, Y, Z) perpendicular with respect to one another by means of three linear guides (23, 15, 28) and associated drives (25, 19, 30) on a frame of the device. The device is characterized in that the frame (1, 8) of the device is of an essentially U-shaped configuration and that the toolholder (24), retained in a shape-mating fashion, is displaceable on a carriage (23) extending transversely to the legs (1a, 8a; 1b, 8b) in the first coordinate direction (X) and the third coordinate direction (Z). This carriage, retained in a shape-mating fashion with its ends (22) on the legs (1a, 8a; 1b, 8b) of the frame, is displaceable along the legs in the second coordinate direction (Y). Preferably, the frame of the device consists of a U-shaped supporting stand (1) and of a rotary stand (8) having a U-shape and being swivelable thereon, the toolholder (24) being displaceable on the rotary stand in the three coordinate directions.

Abstract: A method and firing equipment for burning solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels, especially pulverized coal. The method includes the steps of tangentially introducing main fuel via main burners into a combustion chamber, where the fuel is burned, introducing reducing fuel via reduction burners into the combustion chamber to reduce the nitrogen oxides produced during the combustion of the main fuel, with the reducing fuel being burned under partial stoichiometric conditions, and, to ensure the burning-out of the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber, introducing burn-air above the feed of the main fuel and the reducing fuel, with a helically rising flow being provided in the combustion chamber. The reducing fuel of a given reduction burner is mixed, at a given distance from the opening of the associated main burner, with the curved afflux leaving that main burner for helical flow about the center of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A gas/liquid heat exchanger. Process gases leaving the heat-transfer elements of a heat-transfer-surface unit are guided through the displacement body that is associated with that unit. Feed water is introduced into the displacement body at the lower end thereof. After countercurrent heat-exchange flow relative to the process gas, the feed water is withdrawn from the upper end of the displacement body, and is introduced into a zone of downwardly flowing water.

Abstract: A method of reducing the NO.sub.x --emissions during combustion of nitrogen-containing fuels via burner units each including a primary burner and being arranged in a wall of a closed combustion chamber; fuel and air for combustion are supplied to the burner flame in stages as partial flows via delivery means which are separate from one another.

Abstract: A method of purifying flue gas from the firing equipment of a combustion unit, especially fuel gas from fitting equipment to which low-ash flue is supplied, or from a grating firing having a high degree of ash removal, with the flue gas containing noxious compounds. A finely divided or pulverous basic additive is used on which the noxious compounds produced during firing are adsorbed. Flue dust, especially flue dust/additive mixture, that is carried along in the flue gas is separated from the latter, with at least a portion of the separated-off flue dust being hydrated and sifted, whereby subsequently at least a portion of the dry, hydrated flue dust is returned to the flue gas purification process. Non-pulverized flue dust is homogenously mixed with finely sprayed water to effect the hydration. The return of flue dust to the flue gas purification process is undertaken by returning at least a portion of dry, thus-hydrated flue dust to the firing equipment of the combustion unit.

Abstract: Firing equipment that can be operated under turbocharge, especially fluidized bed firing equipment for a steam generator. At least two successively arranged air compressors are provided, including a first compressor that is driven by a first turbine, which is disposed on a common shaft with the first compressor, and forms together with the latter a turbocharger, with the energy needed for driving the first compressor being extracted from the flue gas of the turbocharged firing equipment. An air preheater is disposed between the second compressor and the firing equipment, with flue gas being supplied thereto. A second turbine drives the second compressor. At least during turbocharged operation of the firing equipment, the flue gas is conveyed at high temperature first to the second turbine then to the air preheater. An electrical apparatus that is operable at least as a generator is operatively associated with the second compressor and the second turbine.

Abstract: A portable apparatus including a four-legged support that is equipped with adjustable support bases. The apparatus also includes a centering mechanism that includes rotatable eccentric discs, and a modified rotating unit, the rotating arm of which is provided with an adjustment mechanism that is equipped with a sensing device, and with a tracing device that is equipped with various copying templates and is coupled with a machining or processing tool for machining the rim of a flanged, flat, dished semi-ellipsoidal head in preparation for a welding seam connection with a tubular member to produce a circular cylindrical reaction vessel. The apparatus is installed in the upwardly open head coaxial to the axis of the latter. During each rotation of the rotating arm, the machining tool experiences a feed movement and an adjustment movement that is corrected for the geometry of the workpiece or head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mechanically controlling the flame cutting and/or connection welding of workpieces. The difficulty encountered during the mechanized burning of holes in vessels, containers or tanks and the welding of connecting members into these holes is that the cutting and welding apparatus need to be guided in such a way that not only do they not contact the surface of the vessel, container or tank, but they are also kept a fixed distance from this surface. Therefore, control of the cutting and/or welding process is effected in conformity with the actual dimensions of the workpiece that is being worked on. In particular, this control is undertaken in conformity with the circumferential line of the hole for a given connecting member, and also in conformity with the curved surface of the vessel, container or tank. The peripheral line of the connecting member is first sensed and is graphically or electromagnetically recorded.

Abstract: In case of a steam generator having a circulating atmospheric or pressurized fluidized-bed combustion system, normally a fluidized-bed combustor, at least one separator, at least one fluidized-bed cooler connected to said separator and adapted to be fed by a part stream of the solids separated from the combustion and fluidization gases, and a waste-heat boiler pass are provided. In these elements feed water, evaporator and reheating surfaces are arranged. Together with a reheater heating surface at least one superheater heating surface is arranged in the fluidized-bed cooler and an adjustable by-pass line is associated to the reheater heating surface to allow a simple and quick control of the combustion while simultaneously offering a simple control of the outlet temperature of the reheater.

Abstract: In a process and a fluidized bed furnace installation for performing the process for the combustion of carbonaceous materials in a fluidized bed reactor with an atmospheric or pressurized, circulating fluidized bed, wherein solids are circulated in a circulation system consisting of a fluidized bed reactor, at least one separator, and at least one return line, and wherein solids are withdrawn from the circulation system, and wherein the stack gases are discharged downstream of the separator, and wherein combustion heat is removed at least by way of heating surfaces of the fluidized bed reactor and by way of stack-gas-exposed heating surfaces downstream of the separator, the invention provides that a partial stream of solids withdrawn from the circulation system is admixed to the stack gases or waste gases, exiting from the separator, upstream of the heating surfaces for the removal of heat from the stack gases.

Abstract: A coal-fired steam generator that has a water-steam circulation and a low pressure-heat carrier-circulation which, via a heater that is disposed in the flue gas flow of the steam generator and that has at least one heat transfer surface, absorbs heat from the flue gas flow and conveys this heat to a process that utilizes heat, especially a gas turbine process in conjunction with a coal-combination unit having a steam turbine connected in the water-steam circulation. To optimize the position of the heater for the low pressure-heat carrier-circulation, especially a sodium circulation, there are provided at least two flue gas passes that are connected in parallel with a combustion chamber of the steam generator, whereby the flue gas flow coming from the combustion chamber is distributed to these flue gas passes, at least one of which is associated with a water-steam circulation, while the other is associated with the low pressure-heat carrier-circulation.

Abstract: An apparatus in the form of an air preheater for preheating air for combustion for a combustion process by acting upon the air with hot, NO.sub.x -containing flue gases from the same or an independent combustion process. At the same time, the NO.sub.x contained in the flue gases is reduced. A regenerative or recuperative type air preheater is used, with those surfaces of the heat exchange elements which are exposed to the flue gas being provided with a coating which acts as a catalyst for the NO.sub.x reduction. The heat exchange elements are coated only in a region which has a flue gas temperature greater than the condensation temperature of the reaction products of the materials contained in the flue gas and of the added reducing agent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing solid material from a process system pressurized by a process gas, especially process gases having a high content of solid material. The method operates cyclically. In a first cycle, the solid material is separated, via filter cartridges of sintered material, and accompanied by pressure-relief, practically completely from pressure-relieved gas in a pressurized receiving tank. In a second cycle, the solid material is removed from the receiving tank. In a third cycle, while simultaneously cleaning the filter cartridges of solid material adhering thereto, the receiving tank is pressurized. Finally, in a fourth cycle, solid material is removed from the process system. The apparatus includes a receiving tank, with at least two filter cartridges being provided on the gas outlet side thereof.

Abstract: A process for the dry sluicing of sediment from pressurized systems, such as gasification processes, in which gravitationally conveyed sediments are cooled to below their release temperature before removal. The sediments are cooled via indirect heat exchange, such as radiation cooling, to below their release point in a first zone, and are then further cooled indirectly as well as directly via cool countercurrent gas in a second zone to temperatures below 300.degree. C., the sediment route in the second zone being lengthened by deflection of at least a part of the sediment, the sediment being removed via a sluice.

Abstract: A regenerative gas-gas heat exchanger having a column type of construction, and heat transferring elements which absorb heat in a hot gas flow, give off heat in a cold gas flow, and are cyclically conveyed from one of the gas flows to the other. The heat transferring elements form a fluidized bed during the operation; this fluidized bed, in relation to the gases which flow in an upward direction through the gas permeable column bottom, moves in a counter-cross flow over this column bottom.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rolling tubes into tube plates, especially heat exchangers, with a tube roller. Prior to the rolling process, the desired holding expansion value is set, and during the rolling process the holding expansion is measured. When the preset expansion value is reached, the expansion is discontinued. The magnitude of the holding expansion is determined by ultrasonically measuring the changing thickness of the wall of the tube during the expansion. The apparatus includes a tube roller that is operated by a drive mechanism. Also provided is a roll controller that can be set to the desired holding expansion value. An ultrasonic measuring head is provided in the tube roller, and is connected with the roll controller.

Abstract: In a process for cooling hot process gases from a pressure gasification reactor the hot process gas is passed through a heat exchange with water to produce saturated steam and then in countercurrent heat exchange with said saturated steam to generate superheated steam, production of saturated steam and superheated steam are performed in a single pressure vessel. Correspondingly the two necessary heating surfaces packages are arranged in an upright pressure vessel one above the other.