Abstract: An apparatus for drying and superheating steam, especially for supplying steam to a turbine. The apparatus includes a horizontal cylindrical pressure tank that has at least one steam inlet, a water separator that is disposed in the lower portion of the pressure tank and extends essentially over the entire length of the tank, a superheater that is disposed in the upper portion of the pressure tank and extends essentially over the entire length of the tank, and at least one steam outlet disposed on the upper side of the tank and connected to the superheater. The steam inlet is disposed at one end face of the pressure tank. Drying steam leaves the water separator, one end of which is supplied with wet steam, and enters the pressure tank.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the combustion or gasification of highly viscous nd/or suspended fuel in a burner flame. The fuel is introduced, in a nozzle, and in the form of a continuous, thin, annular layer, into a stream of atomizing medium, with the aid of which the fuel is atomized. The fuel is guided onto the inner wall of the nozzle as a continuous film at a velocity that is low with regard to wear action. The fuel is atomized at a terminal portion of the nozzle that has a knife-edge configuration. The fuel and the atomizing medium stream that flows within the annular film discharge at a minor resonant velocity.

Abstract: A unit for guiding the flow of cold gas from the annular chamber that is disposed between the pressure tank wall and the steam generator wall to the circulation fan of a steam generator of a high-temperature reactor, with hot gas being adapted to be supplied to the steam generator wall via a hot gas guide mechanism. The cold gas flows into a riser through a plurality of cold gas channels that pass through the upper end of compensating tube bundles that are associated with the steam generator wall. From the riser, the cold gas is supplied to the circulation fan, with the riser being disposed in that portion of the hot gas guide mechanism that extends parallel to the central axis of the pressure tank.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heat exchange between a hot gas and a flowing medium that is conveyed in tube bundle heat transfer surfaces, especially a steam generator. The heat exchanger includes a pressure tank, the heat exchanger vessel in which are disposed tube bundles, and a hot gas conduit that is connected with a gas inlet of the heat exchanger wall. Also included are a gas guidance tube, a gas outlet to a circulation fan, and inlets and outlets for the flowing medium. The gas guiding tube opens into the heat exchanger from the side, and an annular channel is disposed after the gas inlet in the heat exchanger wall. The annular channel is delimited inwardly by a riser that forms the gas outlet and is disposed concentrically relative to the walls of the pressure tank and the heat exchanger. The gas from this annular chamber enters the tube bundles and, after being deflected, enters the riser that leads to the circulation fan.

Abstract: With a process for producing high-pressure superheated steam via hot reaction gases of a gas generator, in which coal or carbon containing materials are gasified, the production of the high-pressure superheated steam is effected in the gas generator and in a waste heat system. The gas generator preferably is provided with at least two integrated vaporizers, especially a radiation vaporizer and a radiation vaporizer and a radiation superheater.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying wet steam and subsequently superheating the dried steam. The apparatus includes a cylindrical tank, a separator that is disposed in the tank for receiving wet steam and removing water therefrom, and a superheater disposed in the tank for receiving dry steam from the separator. The superheater is provided with a plurality of tube bundles, some of which are part of first superheater stage, and the rest are part of a second superheater stage. The tube bundles form a channel in the center of the tank. Outwardly disposed deflectors are disposed in, and extend in the longitudinal direction of, the tank. These deflectors are associated with the tube bundles in such a way that dry steam from the separator flows, from the outside, inwardly through the tube bundles of the first superheater stage, and into the central channel, and from there, from the inside, outwardly through the tube bundles of the second superheater stage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for scrubbing flue gas that is charged with noxious material. Scrubbing is accomplished via flowable absorption material in a gas-scrubbing unit having an atomizing device with at least one independent nozzle in which, pursuant to the air flow atomization principle, the absorbing material, as atomizing material, is atomized in parallel flow with a gas, as an atomizing medium, to form a fine droplet stream while at the same time the atomizing material and the atomizing medium are intensely mixed. Atomizing material is introduced into a nozzle in such a way that the material forms a film on one side of an atomizer edge disposed in the nozzle. Each atomizing medium stream is split into two partial streams.

Abstract: A method of regulating the amount of reducing agent added, especially NH.sub.3 in the case of the catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x of flue gases which originate from a combustion installation which is fired with fossil fuels. The adjustment value for the quantity to be added is determined in response to a prescribed reducing agent/NO.sub.x stoichiometry factor from the quantity of combustion air supplied to the combustion installation or from the exiting quantity of flue gas, and from the NO.sub.x concentration downstream ahead of the catalyzer. Regulation is effected by influencing the stoichiometry factor. The NO.sub.x concentration downstream after the catalyzer is returned to the regulation process as the primary correction value, and the reducing agent concentration downstream after the catalyzer, and the flue gas temperature ahead of the catalyzer, are returned to the regulation process as the secondary correction values.

Abstract: A device for mounting a conduit in an opening of a plate, especially for mounting a heat-exchanger tube in a support plate of a high-temperature heat exchanger. The tube is mounted in the opening of the support plate via the interposition of at least one sleeve-like wear-protection element, with the positioning of the tube being secured by welding. To guarantee a reliable connection between the plate and the tube that can be tested and can also be utilized at high temperatures, at least one build-up weld is provided on the tube. This build-up weld is in frictional and/or positive engagement with the inner surface of the at least two-part wear-protection element.

Abstract: A method of reducing the NO.sub.x content in combustion gases by introducing secondary fuel, via a liquid carrier, into the combustion chamber at a location disposed between the supply of fuel and air for the primary combustion, and the supply of secondary air for the complete combustion.

Abstract: A method and annular burner for binding sulfur and other impurities during the combustion of fuels that contain such impurities. The fuel is burned in an annular burner flame that has an internal recirculation zone. An additive in the form of an aqueous suspension is sprayed into the combustion chamber via at least one two-component atomizing nozzle, and the additive is mixed with the gases of the flame under optimum reaction conditions. In order to enable a particularly favorable binding of noxious material, an atomizing nozzle for the additive is disposed in the central portion of the annular burner, and the additive is sprayed as an external mixture, via the atomizing nozzle, along the longitudinal axis of the burner flame, as a fine or narrow stream, through the internal recirculation zone and into the flame.

Abstract: A reaction gas cooler, including a refractory lined gas inlet, a first stage in the form of a tube bundle heat exchanger through which gas flows, an intermediate chamber, and a second stage in the form of a tube bundle heat exchanger through which gas flows. The second stage has a double flow design, which is effected by a central pipe which is disposed in the intermediate chamber and divides the second stage into an in-flow zone and a reverse-flow zone.

Abstract: A method of binding sulfur compounds which are produced as reaction products during the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels in a charging bed or fluidized bed furnace at temperatures above 1000.degree. C. The method is effected by the addition of additives. The hot flue gases exiting directly from the charging bed or fluidized bed furnace pass through a cooling zone to lower the flue gas temperature to below 1000.degree. C. After this cooling zone, the additives are introduced into the cooled-off flue gas flow via a carrier medium. The charging bed or fluidized bed furnace for carrying out this method includes cooling surfaces for cooling the hot flue gases in the cooling zone. These cooling surfaces are disposed directly above the furnace surface and below the additive introduction surface. Cooling of the flue gases in the cooling zone can be effected by blowing in low-temperature flue gas between the upper edge of the furnace surface and the lower edge of the additive introduction surface.

Abstract: A method of spraying additives, in an intensively mixing manner, into a combustion chamber for binding sulfur during the combustion of fuels which contain sulfur. The method includes the steps of spraying the respectively utilized additive into the combustion chamber with at least one spray nozzle at an impulse which is sufficient to intensively mix the additive with the combustion gases, and of spraying the additive into those regions of the combustion chamber which have temperatures in the optimum effective range of the additive for binding the sulfur, yet in which the mixing energy of the combustion gases does not alone ensure a sufficient mixing of the additive.

Abstract: A method of binding vanadium compounds which are formed as reaction products during the combustion of solid or fluid petroleum residues in vapor generators. The binding of the vanadium compounds is effected within the framework of a combustion with alkali earth containing coals which are preferably high-ash coals. With solid petroleum residues, the coal is mixed with the residue prior to entry into the combustion zone. With fluid petroleum residues, the coal is introduced into the combustion zone via a burner along with, yet separate from, the residues.

Abstract: An apparatus in the form of an air preheater for preheating air for combustion for a combustion process by acting upon the air with hot, NO.sub.x -containing flue gases from the same or an independent combustion process. At the same time, the NO.sub.x contained in the flue gases is reduced. A regenerative or recuperative type air preheater is used, with those surfaces of the heat exchange elements which are exposed to the flue gas being provided with a coating which acts as a catalyst for the NO.sub.x reduction. The heat exchange elements are coated only in a region which has a flue gas temperature greater than the condensation temperature of the reaction products of the materials contained in the flue gas and of the added reducing agent.

Abstract: A method of burning petroleum coke dust in a burner flame having an intensive internal recirculation zone. The petroleum coke dust is supplied to that region of the intensive recirculation zone which provides the ignition energy for the petroleum coke dust which is to be burned.

Abstract: A regenerative gas-gas heat exchanger having a column type of construction, and heat transferring elements which absorb heat in a hot gas flow, give off heat in a cold gas flow, and are cyclically conveyed from one of the gas flows to the other. The heat transferring elements form a fluidized bed during the operation; this fluidized bed, in relation to the gases which flow in an upward direction through the gas permeable column bottom, moves in a counter-cross flow over this column bottom.

Abstract: A plant for processing solid fossil fuels in which the fuel is crushed and is conveyed by flue gas to further processing stations. In the further stations, the fuel is desulfurized and hydrolyzed and is separated into solid and gaseous components for use in the generation of steam or for supply to a fuel gas supply network.

Abstract: The transfer of impact force from a mechanically, pneumatically, or hydraulically driven knock or impact-beating device, which is mounted externally of a container that receives dust-laden, hot, and/or contaminated gases, onto bearing or cooling surfaces which are installed within the container, and which are to be intermittently cleaned. The impact force is indirectly transferred via the container wall to a striker which is pressed against an inner wall of the container by a resilient power accumulator. Preferably, the striker has a mass equal to that of the knocking element of the knock or impact-beating device. Pursuant to one embodiment of a device for effecting transfer of the impact force, the striker disposed within the container is guided within a connector-like inlet of the container body. The cover part associated with the inlet has a central bore and, on that side thereof facing the interior of the container, has a projection which coaxially surrounds the bore.