Abstract: A method of igniting a pulverized-coal annular burner flame having an internal back flow region, with the ignition energy being introduced centrally into the interior of the back flow region of the pulverized-coal annular burner flame. The ignition energy for the annular burner flame is furnished by an ignited pulverous fuel igniting flame or pilot light, which is operated with pulverous fuel having a different coarseness and/or consistency than does the primary fuel. The pulverous fuel, which is to be prepared for supplying a pulverous fuel pilot light, is withdrawn from the conduit of the primary fuel after an existing pulverizing plant. The pulverized fuel is withdrawn by means of a withdrawal device which is capable of being shut off, with the removal opening thereof being directed counter to the direction of the primary fuel flow.

Abstract: A shaking grate having inclined continuous tubes disposed parallel to the direction of incline and communicating with a liquid or fluid coolant circuit. The tubes are arranged on a vibrating grate carriage. The shaking grate is made free of grate bars by means of a planar tube-crosspiece-tube grate sheet construction, with the tube crosspieces having slot-shaped openings which are conically tapered in the direction of the fuel bed. The shaking grate is free of slots in the region of the fuel bed inlet as far as to the beginning of the first combustion zone of the fuel bed. The shaking grate is connected with crossbars of the vibrating grate carriage via ridge or comb plates and heat-compensating gliding elements. The shaking grate is provided with a riser for the draining liquid or fluid coolant. The riser is arranged in the charging region of the fuel bed inlet.

Abstract: A method of igniting a pulverized-coal annular burner flame having an internal back flow region, with the ignition energy being introduced centrally into the interior of the back flow region of the pulverized-coal annular burner flame. The ignition energy for the annular burner flame is furnished by an ignited pulverized-fuel igniting flame or pilot light, which is operated with pulverized fuel having a different coarseness and/or consistency than does the primary fuel. Pulverous ignition fuel is withdrawn from the conduit of the primary fuel stream after an existing pulverizing plant at a location which is advantageous with regard to flow dynamics. The ignition fuel is withdrawn by means of a withdrawal device which is capable of being shut off, with the withdrawal opening thereof being directed in the direction of the primary fuel flow.

Abstract: A heat storage mass or heat retainer made of at least two different materials, with the heat storage capacity of the entire mass being based predominantly upon the heat storage capacity of a first material, which is embedded in hollow spaces or chambers, or pores, which are uniformly or statistically distributed in a second carrier material.

Abstract: A method of operating a flue gas desulfurization with a steam power plant heated with fossil fuels. The sulfur dioxide contained in the flue gas is removed in a wash tower by means of an excess of milk of lime or limestone, and the resulting sulfite is oxidized with air at a low pH-value into calcium sulfate. The non-converted milk of lime or limestone is neutralized at least partially by an addition of acid waste waters from a complete desalination plant for the supply water, and/or by an addition of acid condensate from the flue or chimney of the steam power plant. An installation for carrying out the method of the present invention includes a wash tower having flue gas flowing therethrough, an oxidation tower having air flowing therethrough, milk of lime or limestone supply into the wash tower, and a delivery device for the wash liquid in the wash tower and in the oxidation tower, with the device having a pump for liquid drawn off from the sump of the wash tower.

Abstract: Heat-transferring elements for regenerative heat exchange. The elements are embodied as rigid hollow spheres or balls, or as hollow polyhedrons, with the free inner space or chamber thereof being partially filled with a heat-conducting liquid as well as vapor from this liquid. The hollow sphere may be provided with an elastic outer shell with reinforcing elements arranged in the interior thereof. The heat-transferring elements may be utilized as a whirl layer and/or static layer.

Abstract: A method of desalinating solutions by reverse osmosis into a salt-poor permeate and a salt-rich concentrate is disclosed. The method includes the steps of supplying solution to a reverse osmosis unit, supplying concentrate leaving the reverse osmosis unit to a treatment container or containers while simultaneously withdrawing a predetermined amount of solution. Some of the solution is also supplied to another space of one of the containers so that practically pressure-less concentrate is conveyed to the environment. The sequence of steps can be reversed in which the containers are supplied so that concentrate collected in the space of the container not being supplied with solution is available for being conveyed to the environment.

Abstract: A burner for combustion of powdery fuels. The burner has a core-air tube with a centrically arranged ignition device, a dust tube surrounding the core-air tube, and a mantle-air tube which surrounds the dust tube and is provided with an axially displaceable twist blade ring or impeller, arranged at its air inlet, as well as a burner opening which widens conically toward the combustion chamber. A dust-ignition burner is arranged concentrically in a core-air tube, and comprises an ignition-dust tube arranged concentrically around an igniter, and a mantle-air tube which surrounds the ignition-dust tube for the ignition-dust flame and is provided with an axially displaceable twist blade ring or impeller, arranged at its air inlet, as well as a conically widening outlet. The conical angle of the dust-ignition burner outlet is equal to or greater than the conical angle of the outlet of the main burner. The dust-ignition burner outlet terminates before the beginning of the conical widening of the main burner.

Abstract: A suspension for a thermally heavy load cylindrical pipe assembly of relatively large diameter, according to which the suspension includes a plate with chambers therein. This plate is at its circumference provided with inlets for a cooling medium, while above the plate there are provided pipes which while extending parallel to the axis of the pipe assembly communicate with the chambers. These pipes lead into collecting elements which in their turn are firmly connected to a hollow supporting ceiling or roof structure which is likewise cooled and which is arranged above the pipe assembly.

Abstract: A method of scrubbing reaction products resulting from flame burning of fuels containing impurities such as sulfur compounds, chlorine compounds, and fluorine compounds. The scrubbing is accomplished by the addition to the fire chamber of additives which bind the impurities. The additives are supplied to the burner flame by way of a gaseous and/or liquid carrier medium flow, accompanied by the formation of a veil surrounding the burner flame.

Abstract: A regenerative heat exchanger. The rotor is an annular body and includes several rotationally symmetrical chambers which are separated from one another by walls, with the axially parallel dividing walls being permeable for the gaseous heat-dissipating or heat-receiving medium, and the radial dividing walls being permeable for the gaseous medium; heat-transferring elements for the regenerative heat exchange are arranged in the chambers accompanied by formation of a whirl layer during operation. The chambers have radial flow therethrough.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling process gases which are under high pressure and temperature. The withdrawn heat is used for high pressure steam generation in accordance with the natural circulation principle. The heat exchanger comprises U tubes suspendedly inserted in a plate or tube sheet. Two chambers are provided above the plate, are separated from one another, and are intended for the coolant-steam circulation. A housing surrounds the U tube bundle and is connected to and below the chambers. The housing has at least one process gas inlet and at least one process gas outlet. One arm of each U tube is constructed as a double tube. The inner tube has the function of a gravity tube, and the remaining annular conduit, as well as the remainder of each U tube, have the function of risers.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for providing coal dust to a reaction chamber, especially in the process of producing low-sulfur coke dust and gas by gas extraction and partial gasification of coal dust in a reaction chamber for partially combusting coal dust. Coal dust and a first stream of combustion gas are combined and passed through a central conduit to a reaction chamber. A second stream of combustion gas can be selectively subjected to swirling motion and can be combined with the stream emanating from the central conduit. The degree of swirl of the first stream and the second stream of combustion gas is used to control distribution of the gas-solids mixture in the reaction chamber and to control the path of the gas-solids mixture leading into the wall of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method of reducing the sulfur content of coal, reduced to dust, by means of its own or external thermal energy and by means of rapid coking and/or rapid partial destructive distillation of the coal. The coal dust, which has been ground to less than 0.1 mm and, if necessary, preoxidized in 1 to 4 seconds at 350.degree. to 450.degree. C., is brought to a reaction temperature of 700.degree. to 1100.degree. C. This reaction temperature may be reached directly, either by means of carrier or heating gas heated to over 1000.degree. C., or by means of the partial combustion of the coal with air or oxygen, at heating rates greater than 20,000.degree. C./min. This reaction temperature may also be reached indirectly, at heating rates of less than 20,000.degree. C./min, by means of gaseous, liquid, or turbulent heating carriers. The coal dust is allowed to stand for 1 to 6 seconds at a pressure of 1 to 15 bar until the coke dust and gas which are produced separate from one another.

Abstract: A method of pretreating raw water, for instance sea water, which is intended for supplying reverse osmosis units. An aqueous solution of acid salt and acid with the same anions is mixed with the raw water, whereby the most advantageous pH value is adjusted for the reverse osmosis, and whereby the acid salt is converted into the corresponding hydroxide. After possible addition of flocking or flaking additives, the resulting hydroxide flakes are separated, in a strongly concentrated form, by way of a centrifuge, particularly a plate or disc centrifuge, and together with fresh metal salt, are again brought into solution as a salt by means of the previously mentioned acid and, after mechanical purification in a second centrifuge, likewise particularly a plate or disc centrifuge, are again supplied to the raw water. The pretreated raw water leaves under pressure from the separator through which it flows and, alternatively, a chemical reducing agent may be added to this departing water flow.

Abstract: A suspension for a thermally heavy load cylindrical pipe assembly of relatively large diameter, according to which the suspension includes a plate with chambers therein. This plate is at its circumference provided with inlets for a cooling medium, while above the plate there are provided pipes which while extending parallel to the axis of the pipe assembly communicate with the chambers. These pipes lead into collecting elements which in their turn are firmly connected to a hollow supporting ceiling or roof structure which is likewise cooled and which is arranged above the pipe assembly.

Abstract: A method of generating gas and coke dust by means of rapid degasification and rapid vaporization, with simultaneous extensive desulfurization, of coal ground into dust. In a first step, one portion of coal is subjected to complete or partial vaporization. In a second step, which immediately follows the first step, another portion of coal is subjected to degasification in the same or in associated reaction chambers. In the degasification, the solid and gaseous products obtained during the vaporization which are at a higher temperature level than that of the degasification step, transfer heat directly to the coal introduced into the degasification step, thus for covering the heat required for the degasification.

Abstract: A high-temperature gas exit in the form of a pipe bundle from a pre-stressed cast or concrete pressure container with a first cooling system comprising a sealing skin having cooling pipes arranged on the outside thereof and with a thermal insulation layer arranged on the inner side of the sealing skin. Between the first cooling system and the pipe bundle there is provided a second cooling system comprising a hollow double skin with cooling passages, the first cooling system and the second cooling system being independent of each other.

Abstract: A device for cooling, by means of liquid media, plate coolers of blast furnaces and the like which plate coolers include cooling pipes of cast segments, according to which the cooling medium at different operating or working pressures is passed through the cooling pipes of the cast segments.

Abstract: A method of separating granular pourable materials in fluidized bed layers formed by fluid media. These layers are withdrawn by a fluidizing medium from the top downwardly one after the other down to slightly above the border surface of the lowest layer but one. Subsequently, the fluidizing medium which remains above the residual layer is rotated, and the residual layer is completely withdrawn by means of the thus created secondary radial flow toward the central region.