Abstract: Fused-ring triazole compounds which inhibit proliferation of cells and exhibit a unique and intense fluorescence are provided. Also provided are methods for synthesizing these compounds and methods for using these compounds to inhibit cell proliferation and infection and to label and fluorescently detect selected molecules.

Abstract: Efficient removal of mercury from the exhaust gases of an industrial process or combustion process can be achieved using an adsorbent that can be regenerated by a simple and efficient method. The mercury is contacted with a sorbent material, the sorbent material being hydrogen mordenite or hydrogen clinoptilolite, for adsorbing mercury and causing the mercury to react with the sorbent material to produce mercury-laden sorbent material. The mercury-laden sorbent material can be heated to a temperature of at least about 400° C. so as to remove mercury from the mercury-laden sorbent material and to regenerate the sorbent material to allow reusing of the sorbent material for mercury removal.

Abstract: A process and a catalyst reaction zone comprising one or more fixed bed reactors for oxidizing methanol in a reactant gas feed stream to formaldehyde. According to one embodiment, the process comprises introducing the reactant gas feed stream into an upstream region containing a vanadia-titania first catalyst (substantially free of a volatile MoO3 species) under oxidizing conditions to form a partially oxidized reactant gas feed stream which is then introduced under oxidizing conditions into a downstream region containing a metal molybdate second catalyst to further oxidize any residual methanol contained therein. According to another embodiment, a fixed bed reactor comprising an upstream region and a downstream region containing the aforementioned vanadia-titania and metal molybdate catalysts, respectively, is utilized to implement the inventive process to yield a product gas stream containing formaldehyde preferably at a conversion of 85% or more and a selectivity of 90% or more.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for oxidizing methanol in a gas stream into formaldehyde in a fixed bed reactor. The process first introduces a gas stream into a fixed bed reactor. The fixed bed reactor contains a catalyst bed having a depth, a width, a length, an inlet, an upstream region, a downstream region and an outlet. Preferably, the inlet, the upstream region, the downstream region and the outlet are provided in the order stated. A vanadia-titania catalyst is provided in the upstream region and a molybdena-titania catalyst is provided in the downstream region. The vanadia-titania catalyst in the upstream region is substantially free of MoO3 and initially (i.e., during oxidation some V2O5 may sublime and migrate to the downstream region) the molybdena-titania catalyst in the downstream region is substantially free of V2O5. Next, the gas stream is contacted with the vanadia-titania catalyst under oxidizing conditions.

Abstract: Efficient removal of mercury from the exhaust gases of an industrial process or combustion process can be achieved using an adsorbent that can be regenerated by a simple and efficient method. The mercury is contacted with a sorbent material, the sorbent material being hydrogen mordenite or hydrogen clinoptilolite, for adsorbing mercury and causing the mercury to react with the sorbent material to produce mercury-laden sorbent material. The mercury-laden sorbent material can be heated to a temperature of at least about 400° C. so as to remove mercury from the mercury-laden sorbent material and to regenerate the sorbent material to allow reusing of the sorbent material for mercury removal.

Abstract: A dye, such as a fluorescent dye, is incorporated into polymer microparticles using a solvent system composed of a first solvent in which the dye and the microparticle polymer are soluble, a second solvent in which the dye and the microparticle polymer are not or only weakly soluble, and a third solvent in which the dye and the microparticle polymer are not or only weakly soluble. The first and second solvents are immiscible with each other, or at most partially miscible. The third solvent is miscible with the first and second solvents. The formulation provides substantially complete partitioning of the dye to the microparticles. The method may be used to obtain dyed polymer microparticle formed of cross-linked or non-cross-linked polymers. Libraries are provided comprising two or more sets of microparticles of different dye loadings.

Abstract: A method wherein a sour natural gas stream can be treated to produce primarily carbon monoxide from methane, and the carbon monoxide and hydrogensulfide are reacted to produce methyl mercaptans, (primarily methanethiol (CH3SH) and a small amount of dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3)). The methyl mercaptans preferably are passed in contact with a catalyst comprising a supported metal oxide or a bulk metal oxide in the presence of an oxidizing agent and for a time sufficient to convert at least a portion of the methyl mercaptan to formaldehyde (CH2O), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).

Abstract: The method of the present invention involves the in situ formation of metal-molybdate catalyst particles active for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde, with iron as an example, the catalyst is made by mixing particulate forms of Fe2O3 and MoO3 which form an active Fe2(MoO4)3/MoO3 component inside the reactor during methanol oxidation.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for oxidizing methanol in a gas stream into formaldehyde in a fixed bed reactor. The process first introduces a gas stream into a fixed bed reactor. The fixed bed reactor contains a catalyst bed having a depth, a width, a length, an inlet, an upstream region, a downstream region and an outlet. Preferably, the inlet, the upstream region, the downstream region and the outlet are provided in the order stated. A vanadia-titania catalyst is provided in the upstream region and a molybdena-titania catalyst is provided in the downstream region. The vanadia-titania catalyst in the upstream region is substantially free of MoO3 and initially (i.e., during oxidation some V2O5 may sublime and migrate to the downstream region) the molybdena-titania catalyst in the downstream region is substantially free of V2O5. Next, the gas stream is contacted with the vanadia-titania catalyst under oxidizing conditions.

Abstract: A process and a catalyst reaction zone comprising one or more fixed bed reactors for oxidizing methanol in a reactant gas feed stream to formaldehyde. According to one embodiment, the process comprises introducing the reactant gas feed stream into an upstream region containing a vanadia-titania first catalyst (substantially free of a volatile MoO3 species) under oxidizing conditions to form a partially oxidized reactant gas feed stream which is then introduced under oxidizing conditions into a downstream region containing a metal molybdate second catalyst to further oxidize any residual methanol contained therein. According to another embodiment, a fixed bed reactor comprising an upstream region and a downstream region containing the aforementioned vanadia-titania and metal molybdate catalysts, respectively, is utilized to implement the inventive process to yield a product gas stream containing formaldehyde preferably at a conversion of 85% or more and a selectivity of 90% or more.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the preparation of crosslinked water-swellable polymer particles. First, an aqueous polymer solution containing a water-soluble polymer having at least one functional group or charge, is combined with aqueous medium. The aqueous polymer solution is then mixed under moderate agitation with an oil medium and an emulsifier to form an emulsion of droplets of the water-soluble polymer. A crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking the functional groups and/or charges in the water-soluble polymer is then added to the emulsion to form crosslinked water-swellable polymer particles. The invention also includes the particles formed by the process and aqueous dispersions containing the particles which are useful for administering to an individual. The particles of the invention are useful for implantation, soft tissue augmentation, and scaffolding to promote cell growth.

Abstract: A process and fixed bed reactor for oxidizing methanol in a reactant gas feed stream to formaldehyde. The process comprises introducing the reactant gas feed stream into an upstream region containing a first metal molybdate catalyst (substantially free of a volatile Mo/MoO3 species) under oxidizing conditions to form a partially oxidized reactant gas feed stream which is then introduced under oxidizing conditions into a downstream region containing a second metal molybdate catalyst to further oxidize any residual methanol contained therein. A fixed bed reactor comprising an upstream region and a downstream region containing the aforementioned first and second metal molybdate catalysts, respectively, is utilized to implement the inventive process to yield a product gas stream containing formaldehyde preferably at a conversion of 85% or more and a selectivity of 90% or more.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide, and then reacting the carbonyl sulfide with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. The carbon monoxide is recycled back to the hydrogen sulfide reaction step. The catalyst used to promote the reaction between carbonyl sulfide and oxygen is an oxide of a metal, such as V, Nb, Mo, Cr, Re, Ti, W, Mn or Ta, which is supported on a support, such as TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, Nb2O5 and Al2O3.

Abstract: An optical fiber transmission link with reduced channel depletion due to stimulated Raman scattering is formed by including a high pass optical filter in the transmission fiber. The filter may comprise one or more discrete components, or may be formed as a “distributed” filter along the length of the optical fiber. The cut-off frequency for the high pass optical filter is selected to be immediately below the frequency of the input channel to be transmitted. When used in an arrangement with multiple input channels, the cut-off frequency is controlled to be immediately below the lowest input channel frequency.

Abstract: A method wherein a gas stream containing carbon oxide and hydrogen sulfide is first passed in contact with a catalyst comprising a supported metal oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), rhenium (Re), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) and tantalum (Ta) and mixtures thereof to convert said carbon oxide and hydrogen sulfide to methyl mercaptans, (primarily methanethiol (CH3SH) and a small amount of dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3)), and the gas stream containing the methyl mercaptans are passed in contact with a catalyst comprising a supported metal oxide or a bulk metal oxide in the presence of an oxidizing agent and for a time sufficient to convert at least a portion of the methyl mercaptan to formaldehyde (CH2O), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).

Abstract: A fiber Raman amplifier with increased gain and improved pump conversion efficiency is formed by including a high pass optical filter in the amplifier structure. The filter may comprise one or more discrete components, or may be formed as a “distributed” filter along the length of the fiber amplifier. The cut-off frequency for the high pass optical filter is selected to be immediately below the frequency of the input signal to be amplified. When used in an arrangement with multiple input signals, the cutoff frequency is controlled to be immediately below the lowest input signal frequency.

Abstract: Preparing an aldehyde from an alcohol by contacting the alcohol in the presence of oxygen with a catalyst prepared by contacting an intimate mixture containing metal oxide support particles and particles of a catalytically active metal oxide from Groups VA, VIA, or VIIA, with a gaseous stream containing an alcohol to cause metal oxide from the discrete catalytically active metal oxide particles to migrate to the metal oxide support particles and to form a monolayer of catalytically active metal oxide on said metal oxide support particles.

Abstract: The method of the present invention involves the in situ formation of metal-molybdate catalyst particles active for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde, with iron as an example, the catalyst is made by mixing particulate forms of Fe2O3 and MoO3 which form an active Fe2(MoO4)3/MoO3 component inside the reactor during methanol oxidation.

Abstract: The method of the present invention involves a composition containing an intimate mixture of (a) metal oxide support particles and (b) a catalytically active metal oxide from Groups VA, VIA, or VIIA, its method of manufacture, and its method of use for converting alcohols to aldehydes. During the conversion process, catalytically active metal oxide from the discrete catalytic metal oxide particles migrates to the oxide support particles and forms a monolayer of catalytically active metal oxide on the oxide support particle to form a catalyst composition having a higher specific activity than the admixed particle composition.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the preparation of crosslinked water-swellable polymer particles. First, an aqueous polymer solution containing a water-soluble polymer having at least one functional group or charge, is combined with aqueous medium. The aqueous polymer solution is then mixed under moderate agitation with an oil medium and an emulsifier to form an emulsion of droplets of the water-soluble polymer. A crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking the functional groups and/or charges in the water-soluble polymer is then added to the emulsion to form crosslinked water-swellable polymer particles. The invention also includes the particles formed by the process and aqueous dispersions containing the particles which are useful for administering to an individual. The particles of the invention are useful for implantation, soft tissue augmentation, and scaffolding to promote cell growth.