Abstract: An electrochromic element useful in an electrochromic glass or mirror device and a process for making such element. The element is a five-layered structure including an electrolyte ion conducting layer interposed between first and second inorganic electrochromic layers which are interposed between a pair of conductive electrodes. The first and second inorganic electrochromic layers are different and are capable of exhibiting color-forming properties complementary to one another upon the incorporation of an alkali metal or Ag ion, a mixture of alkali metal or Ag ions or a mixture of alkali metal or Ag and hydrogen ions. The electrolyte ion conducting layer may be a copolymer of ethylene oxide, butylene oxide or methyl glycidyl ether, and optionally a small amount of allyl glycidyl ether, along with an ionizable salt, or may be a polyurethane gel forming by reacting the copolymer with triisocyanate, along with an ionizable salt.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of incorporating a modifier ingredient into the surface region of a resinous article is described herein. The basic process includes immersing the article in a liquid such as water and contacting the immersed article with a solution of a modifier ingredient in a solvent which is immiscible with the liquid. The improvement herein comprises removing a substantial amount of air dissolved in the water layer to prevent droplets of solution from rising to the surface of the water layer during the process, thereby preventing solid modifier material from accumulating on the water surface.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of incorporating a modifier ingredient into the surface region of a resinous article is described herein. The basic process includes immersing the article in a liquid such as water and contacting the immersed article with a solution of a modifier ingredient in a solvent which is immiscible with the liquid. The improvement herein comprises running the process at a temperature lower than ambient or room temperature whereat substantially no solid material is formed on the surface of the water layer during the process.

Abstract: A surface modified, U.V. stabilized opaque polyvinyl chloride resin article and process for making same is described. The article includes a white pigment, such as titanium oxide, in low amounts. The modified surface is substantially free of residual stabilizer and solvent, and its appearance and degree of surface perfection is substantially the same as an unmodified side of the article.The process of the invention is characterized by the steps of immersing the polyvinyl chloride article is immersed in a suitable liquid media, then contacted with a solution of an ultraviolet light stabilizer in a suitable organic solvent, and residual stabilizer and solvent are displaced in situ, i.e. in a non-evaporative environment without contacting the air.

Abstract: A liquid photopolymer layer covering a phototool image surface with one surface exposed to air is exposed by radiation through the phototool to partially harden in a pattern defined by the image the photopolymer layer through a part of its thickness. The air exposed surface portion is thus left in liquid form for contacting the surface of a printed wiring board, preferably by scanning along the length of a phototool with a pressurized roll or blade to contact and adhere the preimaged laminate to board surface in an air bubble free lamination where subsequent radiation exposure finishes the curing and bonds the cured portion of the polymer layer to the PWB substrate. After removal of the phototool, the polymer layer is developed by washing out uncured polymer portions as defined by the image pattern.

Abstract: A surface modified U.V. stabilized article is described which includes a resinous sheet whose sides are both exposed to the air. The surface regions of both sides of the sheet are substantially fully modified in situ with a stabilizing amount of an ingredient such as a ultraviolet light stabilizer material, while the exposed surfaces are substantially free of residual stabilizer and solvent material. The appearance and degree of surface perfection of the modified sides of the sheet are substantially the same as that of an untreated sheet.The U.V. stabilized resin article is made by a continuous process in which the resin body is immersed in a solution of a ultraviolet light stabilizer in a suitable organic solvent, and thereafter, residual stabilizer and solvent are displaced from the modified surface in situ. Both steps in the process are carried out in an environment which are non-evaporative of the solvent.

Abstract: A multiple, parallel packed column vaporizer for vaporizing a chemical having a relatively low decomposition temperature includes a shell; a plurality of parallel, vertically oriented vaporization columns arranged in the shell, each vaporization column having inner walls and upper and lower open ends; a distribution assembly for distributing the chemical substantially equally to the open upper ends of the vaporization columns, which flows downwardly therein; a heat exchanger which heats the vaporization columns to provide the heat needed to vaporize the chemical therein; and a gas supply which supplies the gas to the lower ends of the vaporization columns so that the chemical is vaporized and becomes entrained in the gas and is carried upwardly out of the vaporizer.

Abstract: A composition and process for modifying the surface region of a polymer article. The composition is a mixture of a resin surface modifier ingredient, a resin-swellable organic solvent and a surfactant additive. The composition is contacted with the surface of a resin article, while the article is immersed in a liquid which may also contain a surfactant which is non-aggressive toward the article and immiscible with the solvent. The surfactant alters the wetting characteristics of the air-liquid, or liquid-surface modifier interfaces, or both interfaces, so that a film of the modifier ingredient does not form on the surface of the liquid layer.

Abstract: A process for modifying the surface region of a polymer article by incorporating one or more ingredients therein. Such ingredients may be ultraviolet light stabilizers, antioxidants, anti-static agents, pigments and the like. The polymer article, e.g. a sheet of polyvinyl chloride, is immersed in a liquid (e.g. water) and the immersed article is contacted with a solution of the ingredient in a solvent. The liquid must be one which is non-aggressive towards the article and must also be immiscible with the solvent.Any residual solution remaining on the contacted surface may be displaced therefrom, preferably by directing a jet of water onto the contacted surface, while avoiding escape of any solvent into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Paste-consistency photopolymer is imaged onto printed wiring boards by coating the board overall and positioning the photographic film over the board in register and off-contact. A resilient blade is pressed against the phototool at one end of the board and drawn across the surface, thus forcing the photographic film into intimate contact with the photopolymer and purging all air therebetween. Mounted on the resilient blade aft of leading edge is a shuttered tubular lamp which hardens the photopolymer where the photographic film is clear, so that in a single pass the photographic film is sequentially mated and photopolymer exposed, to produce line widths unmatched by competing dry film systems and at speeds of 0.5 feet per second.

Abstract: A coating hood for applying uniform protective coatings to glass containers, while minimizing the escape of noxious fumes from the hood to the ambient atmosphere, which includes a pair of spaced side walls having inclined end surfaces adjacent the entrance and exit ends to reduce the amount of stagnant ambient air thereat; coating air supply slots in the side walls for supplying process air to the containers; and finish air supply slots positioned at a height above the coating air supply slots for supplying coating free air.

Abstract: Aqueous alkaline developable, UV curable urethane acrylate compounds and compositions are particularly useful for making flexible, 100% solids, solvent-free solder mask coatings which are characterized by having screen-printable viscosities, rapid developability and advantageous performance characteristics.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of incorporating a modifier ingredient into the surface region of a resinous article is described herein. The basic process includes immersing the article in a liquid such as water and contacting the immersed article with a solution of a modifier ingredient in a solvent which is immiscible with the liquid. The improvement herein comprises removing a substantial amount of air dissolved in the water layer to prevent droplets of solution from rising to the surface of the water layer during the process, thereby preventing solid modifier material from accumulating on the water surface.

Abstract: A surface modified, U.V. stabilized opaque polyvinyl chloride resin article and process for making same is described. The article includes a white pigment, such as titanium dioxide, in low amounts. The modified surface is substantially free of residual stabilizer and solvent, and its appearance and degree of surface perfection is substantially the same as an unmodified side of the article.The process of the invention is characterized by the steps of immersing the polyvinyl chloride article is immersed in a suitable liquid media, then contacted with a solution of an ultraviolet light stabilizer in a suitable organic solvent, and residual stabilizer and solvent are displaced in situ, i.e. in a non-evaporative environment without contacting the air.

Abstract: A composition and method are disclosed for electroplating microporous chromium layers without the requirement that microparticles be present either in the chromium layer or in a sublayer. A composition used contains chromic acid and sulfoacetic acid and, optionally, dichromate ion, sulfate ion and/or fluoride ion but being substantially free of iodide, selenide or bromide ions. A deposit having at least 20,000 micropores per square inch results. The process may be used to make multiple layer articles having an outer layer of microporous chromium.

Abstract: A submersible positive displacement piston pump includes a cylinder for insertion within a body of liquid, the cylinder including a working end and an opposite end, an inlet port, an outlet port and a working chamber bounded by the outlet port and the working end; a piston rotatably and reciprocably movable in the cylinder between a retracted positon and an extended position for pumping liquid from the inlet port to the outlet port, the piston including a free end having a recessed section alternately in fluid communication with the inlet port and the outlet port; a pivoting assembly pivotally connected to a drive motor which rotatably and reciprocably drives the piston in the cylinder; and an extension assembly for connecting the pivoting assembly to the piston and for ensuring that the pivoting assembly and the drive motor are positioned out of the body of liquid when the piston and cylinder are positioned in the body of liquid, the extension assembly including a shaft extension for connecting the pivoting

Abstract: A composition including a mixture of UV curable urethane acrylate and a urethane diacrylate compounds provides an aqueous alkaline developable, flexible solder mask having excellent electrical insulation resistance under hydrolytic testing conditions at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Organotin stabilizer compositions containing more than 5 percent by weight of monoalkyl tin derivatives of mercaptoacetic acid esters, such as mono-n-octyltin-S,S',S"-tris(isooctyl mercaptoacetate), are useful as food-grade stabilizers for vinyl halide polymers.

Abstract: A chromium plating bath which consists essentially of chromic acid and 40-100 g/l of sulfoacetic acid, and which is substantially free of carboxylic acid, fluoride, iodide, bromide and selenium ions, is described herein.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers suitable for use in food packaging materials are stabilized against discoloration and embrittlement resulting from exposure to heat using mono-n-octyltin compounds of the general formula H.sub.17 C.sub.8 Sn(SCH.sub.2 COOR').sub.3, wherein R' represents an alkyl radical containing eight carbon atoms.