Abstract: A method of modifying the properties of siloxane-containing polymers is provided which comprises heating said siloxane-containing polymer in the presence of an organic alcohol, a phenol or a thiol which contains at least two reactive hydrogen-containing groups.

Abstract: A liquid coating composition for producing high quality, high performance fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings by chemical vapor deposition includes 1-30 wt. % of a reactive fluorine dopant compound and 70-99 wt. % of an organotin compound.

Abstract: Transparent, haze-free tin oxide coatings on glass are obtained by chemical vapor deposition of liquid monophenyltin trichloride. The method includes the steps of vaporizing liquid monophenyltin trichloride and contacting the vapor in an oxidizing atmosphere with a substrate at an elevated substrate temperature, preferably about 450.degree. to 600.degree. C. The tin oxide coating on glass produced by this method has a haze which is less than 1%, and is substantially equal to the haze value for uncoated glass.

Abstract: A novel polymeric binder for use in an antifouling paint includes an acrylic or methacrylic ester monomer having selected substituent groups in the ester moiety so that the ester is hydrolyzable at a suitable rate in seawater, and a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit.

Abstract: A film-forming, water insoluble seawater erodible antifouling paint is described which is characterized by including a hydrolyzable organosilyl acrylate copolymer therein.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition method for forming fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings uses a liquid coating composition which includes an organic fluorine dopant and an organotin compound. In the method, the gas stream contains sufficient water vapor such that its relative humidity at 18.degree. C. is about 6% to 100%. A preferred liquid coating composition is monobutyltin trichloride and trifluoroacetic acid.

Abstract: A chromium plating bath and process for producing a non-iridescent, adherent, bright chromium deposit at high efficiencies and high temperatures under conditions such that the process is substantially free of cathodic low current density etching. The bath consists essentially of chromic acid and sulfate in predetermined concentrations, and an organic sulfonic acid or salts thereof, where the ratio of S to C is .gtoreq.1/3, e.g. methyl, ethyl and propyl sulfonic acid, and methane and 1,2-ethane disulfonic acid. The bath is substantially free of carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, perfluoroloweralkyl sulfonic acids, and halides.

Abstract: An improved activation solution is provided for forming adherent chromium electrodeposits on metal substrates from high energy efficient chromium baths. The solution is a substantially neutral alkali metal sulfate solution.

Abstract: A positive displacement pump utilizes at least three driven displacer valves and a plurality of driving membranes and at least one pumping membrane to withdraw minute quantities of corrosive fluid from a drum and discharge same from a spray nozzle. The pump is submerged within the fluid to be pumped and is driven by a remotely positioned pneumatic pulse generator comprising pneumatic logic circuitry. The driven displacer valves operate in a particular sequence to draw fluid into the pump body, advance same from pumping chamber to pumping chamber within the pump body, and then discharge same at a constant rate of discrete pulses through an outlet port. The pulse generator and logic circuitry provide the control pulses for operating the displacer valves at the proper times in the operational cycle. The delivery characteristics of the instant pump far exceed the performance capabilities of conventional pumps utilized for similar purposes.

Abstract: A positive displacement piston pump includes a cylinder having a working end, an inlet port, an outlet port and a working chamber bounded by the outlet port and the working end; a piston rotatably and reciprocably movable in the cylinder between a retracted position and an extended position, the piston including a free end having a recessed section alternately in fluid communication with the inlet port and the outlet port; a drive motor rotatably and reciprocably driving the piston in the cylinder; a yoke and ball and socket joint pivotally connecting the piston to the drive motor; a base having an upper surface with an elongated slot below the pivot point of the piston and an arcuate slot adjacent the opposite end of the cylinder; and first and second pivot pins secured to a swivel plate which is, in turn, secured to the cylinder through a vertical column, whereby the recessed section is positioned entirely in the working chamber when the piston is at the end of its pressure stroke, regardless of the angle b

Abstract: The impact resistance of resin compositions consisting of a thermoplastic polymer, particularly a homopolymer or copolymer of vinyl chloride, can be improved by an impact additive of the graft copolymer type. The graft copolymer impact additive consists of a backbone composed of a statistical copolymer of butadiene or isoprene, an alkyl acrylate of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl, and a polyfunctional cross-linking agent, onto which are grafted the chains of a polymer of an alkyl methacrylate of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, particularly methyl methacrylate. The backbone of the graft copolymer impact additive comprises 0.5-35% by weight butadiene or isoprene, and up to 10 mole % of the cross-linking agent, while the weight ratio of grafted chains to the backbone can range from 10 to 200%.The resin compositions are particularly useful to improve impact strength at low temperatures.

Abstract: The undesirable premature viscosity increase in polymer-based antifouling paints is retarded by incorporating into the formulation at least one hydroxylamine or alkanolamine in combination with a triorganotin compound. Alternatively, the reaction product of any of these materials may be utilized either singly or in combination with these components.

Abstract: Chromium is electroplated from a bath which includes a trivalent chromium salt and chloride ions. Chlorine gas production at the anode is reduced through the incorporation in the plating bath of at least one salt having a nitrogen containing cation and at least one soluble salt yielding from about 0.001 mole per liter to about 0.01 mole per liter of bromide ion. The bath can further include sulfate ions, formate and boric acid or borate ions.

Abstract: The impact resistance of resin compositions consisting of a thermoplastic polymer, particularly a homopolymer or copolymer of vinyl chloride can be improved by an impact additive of the graft copolymer type. The graft copolymer impact additive consists of a backbone composed of a statistical copolymer of butadiene or isoprene, an alkyl acrylate of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl, and optionally a polyfunctional cross-linking agent, onto which are grafted the chains of a statistical copolymer of an alkyl methacrylate of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, particularly methyl methacrylate, and an alkyl acrylate of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, particularly ethyl acrylate. The backbone of the graft copolymer impact additive comprises 0.5-35% by weight butadiene or isoprene, and up to 10 mole % of the cross-linking agent, while the graft chains of the graft copolymer comprise 5 to 50 mole % of the alkyl acrylate of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: A system is provided for delivering controlled quantities of a steady stream of a fluid to an application zone. The system includes a positive displacement pump for producing uniform pulses of small quantities of said fluid. The pump has a piston housing with an elongated bore extending from a first open end to a position proximate a second closed end and a pumping chamber region at said second end. The pumping chamber is provided with a pumping fluid inlet and a pumping fluid outlet. A reciprocating and rotating piston, is positioned for rotational and reciprocating motion within said elongated bore of said piston housing, from a first position in which said piston substantially occupies the space within said pumping chamber and displaces pumping fluid from said pumping chamber to a second position in which said piston is substantially removed from said pumping chamber and draws pumping fluid into said chamber.

Abstract: A novel polymeric binder for an antifouling paint includes greater than 2.5 to less than 25 mole percent of a unit from a tributyltin acrylate or methacrylate monomer group, an acrylic or methacrylic ester monomer unit having selected substituent groups in the ester moiety so that the ester is hydrolyzable at a suitable rate in seawater, and a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit.The presence of the hydrolyzable ester group in the polymer binder of the present invention enables the paint to erode at a desired rate in seawater even with the low tin content in the polymer, thereby providing a desired low level of tin in solution and exposing a fresh paint surface periodically.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stabilized composition for coating glass containers, and to its method of use. The method involves the steps of heating the surface of a glass container to at least 800.degree. F., and spraying the surface of the glass with a glass coating formulation comprising monoalkyltin trihalide and about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight per hundred parts monoalkyltin trihalide of a solubilizing material.

Abstract: A aqueous electroplating bath for nickel, cobalt, nickel-cobalt, nickel-iron, cobalt-iron or nickel-cobalt-iron is described which contains, as a brightening agent, a quaternary amine sulfobetaine of the formula ##STR1## wherein N.sup.+ is a heterocyclic tertiary amine group,R is a halogen or lower alkyl group,R' is a hydrogen, lower alkyl or R"C(O)-- groupR" is a lower alkyl group anda is 0-5.These brighteners may be prepared by the reaction of a heterocyclic tertiary amine with an alkali metal halohydrin sulfonate.

Abstract: An air-operated diaphragm pump assembly for withdrawing small volumes of liquid from a receptacle until the receptacle is almost completely emptied. The pump assembly includes a diaphragm pump that is submerged within the liquid in one receptacle, an extension sleeve extending upwardly from the pump to a position above the receptacle, fluid logic circuitry to operate the pump, inlet conduit(s) passing through the sleeve to transmit control pulses to the pump, and outlet conduit(s) passing through the sleeve to discharge the liquid forced out of the pump in response to the control pulses. The fluid logic circuitry includes a pneumatic Schmitt-Trigger that is operatively associated with a pneumatic inverter. The diaphragm pump includes a pumping diaphragm and a driving diaphragm, the diaphragms being coupled together to drive a displacer within a pumping chamber in response to a pressure differential to thereby expel the liquid contained therein.

Abstract: The properties of polymeric compositions can be improved by the presence of a polysiloxane unit of formula ##STR1## where Q is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, ##STR2## D is unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbylene R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each, independently, is unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl.x, y and z each independently has a value from 0 to 100.Polyimides containing these units display improved solubility and adhesion; they are useful, among other things, as protective coatings.