Abstract: Carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) of mammalian tumor cells and processes for their preparation. These lectins, the corresponding carbohydrates and the corresponding monoclonal antibodies are suitable for rapid, reliable and precise differential diagnosis of tumors and for the product of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of tumors.

Abstract: Thermostatting device for adjusting the temperature of a sample to any vas within a predetermined temperature range, comprising a main body (12) of good heat-conducting properties which has its first end thermally connected to a first thermostat (14) and its second end thermally connected to a second thermostat (16) that can be set to a temperature different from that of the first thermostat, the main body (12) being sized in such a way that a temperature gradient develops along the main body (12) between these ends, and comprising a sample holder body (22) arranged on the main body (12) for being thermally coupled with the latter at any point between the ends of the main body.

Abstract: An optically bistable semiconductor device which has a doped or undoped gallium arsenide substrate and a series of alternating n-type and p-type Dirac-delta doped monoatomic layers formed on the substrate. Each Dirac-delta doped monoatomic layer is separated from the next adjacent Dirac-delta doped monoatomic layer by a layer of pure, undoped intrinsic semiconductor material such as gallium arsenide.

Abstract: A sample head (50) for nuclear magnetic resonance whole-body tomography or localized in-vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy comprises an RF coil (51) having a plurality of inductive sections in the form of metallic strips (53 to 60) and capacitive sections in the form of gaps (61 to 68) arranged alternately one behind the other in the direction of the RF current (I.sub.1), so that the field lines (72) of the magnetic RF field (H.sub.1) generated by the RF coil (51) extend in parallel to an axis (74) defined by the RF coil (51). The RF coil (51) forms a single unit with an outer jacket (52). The number of inductive and capacitive sections is such as to be just below that limit value above which the distribution of the field lines (71) of the electric RF field (E.sub.1) produced by the said RF coil (51) changes from a first distribution (75), where there is a plane (76) between each inductive section (55) and the said axis (74) in which the strength of the electric RF field (E.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for gerating pulsed laser radiation which contains components at several freely selectable wavelengths. Multi-wavelength emission is synchronized in time, propagates in a precise spatial overlap and has the same beam parameters on a common propagation direction. A preferred embodiment of an apparatus for a such method is a low pressure CO.sub.2 laser gas discharge in conjunction with a multi-wavelength resonator including a Q switch.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochromic device which is especially suitable as a window, mirror or display element, characterized by a multi-layer construction with at least one layer, enclosed between two coated electrodes, of a material which is either ionically- or mixed ionically- and electronically-conductive, whereby at least one of the two electrode layers consists of transparent material and the ionically- or ionically- and electronically-conductive material is at least so long transparent as no excitation takes place by the application of voltage via the electrodes.

Abstract: A sinter magnet based on Fe-Nd-B with improved coercive field strength and reduced temperature dependency thereof consists of 25 to 50 wt. % Nd, 0.5 to 2 wt. % B, 0 to 5 wt. % Al, 0.5 to 3 wt. % O, remainder Fe and usual impurities and has an oxygen content which is adjusted by the addition of oxygen or of oxygen-containing compounds, especially of an Al and/or Nd oxide, before the dense sintering. It is obtainable by the melting together of the pure components with formation of a pre-alloy, pulverisation of the pre-alloy, alignment of the powder in a magnetic field and pressing to a green formed body, sintering at 1040.degree. to 1100.degree. C. and subsequent annealing at 600.degree. to 700.degree. C., whereby one adds the oxygen as Al or Nd oxide or via the grinding and/or sintering atmosphere.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for closed-loop control of a variable in which an analog manipulated signal is produced for discrete time intervals in response to an error signal. The effect of the manipulated signal is confined to a predetermined manipulating range. The response to the error signal is distributed among a plurality of subsequent discrete time intervals when it tends to exceed the manipulating range of the control, so that the entire rate action becomes effective. The control according to the invention allows to deal with delays up to the third order with high accuracy and extraordinary speed. Special correcting means allow to apply this type of control also to line-commutated converters and choppers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vaccine against Lyme disease, wherein it contains one or more monoclonal antibodies which are specific for the 31 kD antigen (OspA) or the 34 kD antigen (OspB) of Borrelia burgdorferi.The present invention also provides a process for obtaining this vaccine, as well as new monoclonal antibodies and antigens.

Abstract: An infrared polarizer has a transparent substrate on which a pattern of spaced metal stripes is deposited. The stripe thickness is approximately equal to at least the stripe spacing which results in a substantial increase of the polarization contrast as compared to that of conventional polarizers having thinner stripes.

Abstract: Interconnecting network for simultaneous selective connecting of each of N inputs to one of N outputs has an input section which includes the inputs and contains at least the consecutive stages 1 to n-1 of a n-stage baseline network and has N outputs, and an output section which has N inputs which are connected to the N outputs of the input section, includes a n-stage baseline network and has N outputs which form the outputs of the interconnecting network. The order of the n-1 stages following the inputs is the same in both baseline networks.

Abstract: A composition useful as a medicament with improved penetration of cell membranes comprising an active material and a compound of general formula: ##STR1## wherein either residue R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is an alkyl, alkylene, alkynyl or alkoxy group of 3-7 carbon atoms, and the other residue is a hydrogen atom, together with pharmaceutical additives and dilution agents.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is the use of organic polymers which contain inorganic anionic groups for prophylaxis and therapy of retrovirus infections in mammals.

Abstract: A ring laser gyro has an optical resonator (12), forming a loop- or ring-shaped beam cavity, a lasing medium (14) arranged in the resonator for furnishing, when stimulated, two laser oscillation pulses circulating in the resonator in opposing directions, and a device for measuring the change in frequency and/or wavelength of the laser oscillation pulses as a function of the rotation of the resonator. A saturable absorber (16) is arranged in the laser resonator for the purpose of fixing the standing wave resulting due to the laser oscillation pulses circulating in the opposing directions as regards the laser resonator. Rotation of the laser resonator changes the wavelengths of the laser oscillation pulses circulating in opposing directions. The change in wavelength and/or the difference in the frequencies of the laser oscillation pulses constitute a measure of the rotation rate. No effect making it difficult to measure low rotary speeds in known ring laser gyros occurs in the present ring laser gyro.

Abstract: An electron-wave coupled semiconductor device, in particular a semiconductor switching device, comprises a first layer of semiconducting material having a first bandgap, and a second layer of material formed on said first semiconducting layer and having a second bandgap greater than the first said bandgap. First and second electron waveguides are formed alongside but spaced apart from each other in the first semiconductor layer adjacent the boundary between this layer and said second layer. A gate region extends over said second layer transverse to and over said electron waveguides. First contact means provides input connections to said first and second electron waveguides on one side of said gate region and further contact means provides separate output connections from said first and second electron waveguides on the opposite side of the gate region from said first contact means.

Abstract: Oblique spaced antenna method and system for measuring atmospheric wind fields within a predetermined volume, whereina pulsed beam of high frequency radar waves is transmitted in predetermined transmitting directions into the volume of the atmosphere to be investigated,parts of the radar waves which return from the volume to be investigated are received from predetermined receiving directions at a plurality of spaced receiving locations, andthe received waves are processed to derive information about the wind velocity within the volume to be investigated, to allow direct determination of parameters of the wind field, such as divergence, vorticity etc.The transmitting and receiving directions are oblique with respect to the vertical direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides modified oligonucleotides, wherein, amongst the first four bases on the 5'-end, they have the base sequence AT or TA and, bound to one of the two O.sup.- groups of the 5'-phosphate group of the first nucleotide at the 5'-end of said oligonucleotide, they contain a radical of the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.4 is a spacer group and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen atoms or alkyl or alkoxy radicals containing up to 3 carbon atoms.These modified oligonucleotides can be used for blocking the replication and/or expression of genes which have a sequence complementary with the modified oligonucleotides.

Abstract: Described herein is a device for cleaning a sewer of a kind which, under action of the flowing sewage, is carried along the sewer by the sewage with a velocity less than the average velocity of sewage flow and which comprises a hollow cleaning ball immersing into the sewage and rolling on the bed or ceiling of the sewer. The outer surface of the cleaning ball has protrusions, the outer surface of the protrusions lie on an imaginary spherical surface. For adapting the effective weight of the cleaning ball to different levels of sewage in the sewer, several water through holes are distributed on the spherical wall of the cleaning ball which open into a sewage space within the hollow cleaning ball at a wall surface on which filth guiding ribs are. The filth guiding ribs end close to the openings of the water through holes.

Abstract: Carbide fiber- and carbide whisker-strengthened silicon nitride bodies are hot-isostatic pressed without encapsulation of the pressureless pre-sintered formed body at temperature between 1000.degree. and 3000.degree. C. in a nitrogen-protective gas atmosphere. At a low nitrogen partial pressure but high total gas pressure, a maximum consolidation can be achieved already at relatively low temperatures without destruction of the carbide fibers or carbide whiskers.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing a non-linear interaction between two electromagnetic waves, e.g. a laser beam and a microwave beam, in a non-linear optical medium, wherein one wave passes through a predetermined region of the medium in a zig-zag path, and the other traverses the predetermined region of the non-linear medium in two opposed directions in such a manner that an interaction-production phase-matching of the two waves is obtained not only in the departing but also in the approaching segments of the zig-zag path.