Abstract: Cytotoxically-effective medicaments containing hexadecylphosphocholine as active material.

Abstract: A constrast medium for ultrasonic examinations, in particular for echocardiography, based on a suspension of gas bubbles in a pharmacologically acceptable, aqueous liquid vehicle having a physiological electrolyte content, containing(A) a pharmacologically acceptable polypeptide and/or polysaccharide and/or a derivative thereof,(B) a pharmacologically acceptable vegetable oil and(C) a pharmacologically acceptable soluble iron(III) salt, and a process for its preparation. This contrast medium is able to penetrate the pulmonary capillaries and thus makes possible, after intravenous injection, inter alia echocardiographic examination of the left ventricle.

Abstract: A density measuring apparatus (densitometer) useful for rapid absolute determination of the density, the temperature dependence of density, partial volume and thermal expansivity of condensed matter, based on the hydrostatic method, employs an electronic balance enclosed in an airtight envelope which forms a weighing chamber and a measuring chamber. The balance comprises a balance beam and measuring and weighing hangdown assemblies attached to opposite ends of the beam. The balance beam and the weighing hangdown assembly are positioned in the weighing chamber. The measuring hangdown assembly extends from the weighing chamber into the measuring chamber and comprises a thin suspension wire and a sample support or a sinker which are positioned in a multi-jacket measuring vessel adapted to receive a buoyant or sample liquid. A vapor barrier is provided between the weighing and measuring chambers to prevent vapors of the buoyant or sample liquid from flowing into the weighing chamber.

Abstract: A process and a device for hydrodynamic sound pulse generation in a liquid, n particular for sound pulse generation at sea for marine geophysics measurements.

Abstract: The "spoiled FLASH" nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method avoids image artifacts which may be caused by transverse magnetization remaining at the end of a TR period of a partial experiment by applying an additional "spoiler" slice gradient pulse ("SP") after the detection of a gradient echo ("Signal") and before the application of the radio frequency pulse (RF) of the following partial experiment. The amplitude-time integral, i.e. the duration and/or the amplitude of the additional spoiler slice gradient pulses is incremented and/or decremented from partial experiment to partial experiment of a given total experiment. Each spoiler amplitude may be repeated after a time of the order of T.sub.2.

Abstract: In a laser oscillator or laser amplifier, a so-called switching dye is used which strongly reduces the degree of amplification for the laser radiation after a short time interval, by means of transient absorption. Molecules or molecule systems in which a proton transfer takes place in the excited state can serve as switching dyes. The radiation pulse exciting the switching dye must have a sufficiently steep leading flank to assure that the excited state of the tautomeric form is rapidly occupied. The immediately following occupation of the ground state of the tautomeric form by emission of radiation and radiationless transitions, and/or of triplet states of the tautomeric and normal form by radiationless transitions, builds up a transient absorption and inhibits the rise of an inversion sufficient for renewed radiation emission.

Abstract: The invention concerns D-mannitol derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different, and when R.sup.1 R.sup.2 are the same, signify a straight-chained or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group with 6 to 24 carbon atoms, which can contain cycloalkyl radicals with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl radicals, benzyloxy, allyloxy, mesyloxy and/or halogen substituents and, when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are different, signify a straight-chained or branched alkyl group with 1 to 24 carbon atoms, which can contain cycloalkyl radicals with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl radicals, benzyloxy, allyloxy, mesyloxy and/or halogen substituents, or a straight-chained or branched alkenyl or alkynyl group with 3 to 24 carbon atoms, which can contain cycloalkyl radicals with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl radicals, benzyloxy, allyloxy, mesyloxy and/or halogen substituents, and R.sup.1 can also be trityl.

Abstract: The present invention provides human characterized by a molecular weight of about 170,000 Dalton, a hexameric structure with monomeric subunits with a molecular weight of about 28,000 Dalton and a carbohydrate content of about 2%.The present invention provides a process for obtaining and purifying globular domain NC1 of basal membrane collagen, wherein human or animal tissue is subjected to a first limiting treatment with bacterial collagenase, the degradation products obtained are separated from non-collagen proteins by chromatography on a weakly basic anion exchanger, the collagen degradation products are then subjected to a second collagenase digestion at an elevated temperature and the globular domain NC1 is purified by molecular sieve fractionation.Furthermore, the present invention is concerned with the use of this for the determination in body fluids in the case of the use of their antibodies, as well as far the detection of antibodies directed thereagainst in body fluids.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring partial pressures of oxygen with an ion-conducting lid electrolyte of zirconium dioxide as the sensor element, which is arranged between two electrodes for measuring an electrically measurable quantity, is improved so that it is usable at an operating temperature of about 200.degree. C., by providing that the zirconium dioxide as the solid electrolyte is solely in its tetragonal modification and containing an addition of about 2-3 mol % yttrium oxide.

Abstract: A hot cathode ionization gauge with which neutral gas densities in the ra 10.sup.17 to 10.sup.21 m.sup.-3 can be measured, in particular under the conditions typical of fusion-orientated plasma experiments (magnetic field strength from 0 to more than 3 tesla, magnetic field direction varying by up to +/-20 degrees or more and strong plasma-induced noise background), and which is of robust design, reliable in operation and very compact and has a high sensitivity which depends in a reproducible manner on the magnetic field strength and is independent, in a certain degree which is predetermined and can be influenced by the construction, of the field direction and, within a wide range, of the gas density comprises the following electrodes arranged in mutually spaced relationship in the stated order along an axis: a cathode consisting of a tungsten wire at least 0.

Abstract: A resonance system for ESR spectroscopy has a resonance cavity (23) which connected by axial slots (25) with chambers (24) coaxial to the resonance cavity (23). The resonance cavity (23) and the chambers (24) are located within a metallic screen (21). The wall sections (26) of the resonance cavity (23), separated by the axial slots (25), form the inductances of the resonance circuit, whereas the wall sections of the axial slots (25), located opposite one another, form the capacitances. The entire resonance system, including the screen, is made of metal and is, therefore, suitable for use at extremely low temperatures.

Abstract: A continuously operating non-adiabatic, differential calorimeter, i.e., a differential isoperibol scanning calorimeter, for measuring the heat capacity of small samples typically from 10 milligrams to 50 milligrams, in a temperature range from about 1 Kelvin to about 100 Kelvin.

Abstract: A fluid-tight coupling device for microwave radiation of high energy incls a tubular dielectric window which is sealingly connected to one end of a waveguide supplying the microwave radiation and forms a continuation of the waveguide. The other end of the tube forming the window is tightly sealed by an essentially conical reflector. The tube forming the window is surrounded on the outside by a cup-shaped waveguide portion. The reflecting surface of the reflector and the reflecting inner surface of the cup-shaped waveguide portion are formed such that the microwave radiation emerging from the waveguide is reflected through the tubular window into the cup-shaped waveguide portion and from the latter to the open end of the waveguide portion in such a manner that an input mode of type TE.sub.mn is transformed into itself or a well-defined adjacent mode TE.sub.m'n', further secondary modes are minimized and at the same time return waves are also minimized.

Abstract: The use of a compound having the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is alkyl having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 is H or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, is described as an agent against multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: A data storage system for storing a number of associations between pairs of data patterns, each including a plurality of data elements and having a plurality of data processing and storing units, and circuits for providing the data patterns to the processing and storing units, each of such units processing and storing information relating to different portions of at least one of the patterns.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of the doping superlattice type for detecting electromagnetic radiation or particles comprises a semi-insulating substrate (10), a first layer (11) of either n-type or p-type conductivity deposited thereon, a plurality of layers (12, 13, 14) of alternating conductivity types deposited in series on said first layer (11), a strongly p-type electrode region which extends through said p-type and n-type layers (11, 12, 13, 14) and defines a first selective electrode (15), and a strongly n-type electrode region which also extends through said p-type and n-type layers (11, 12, 13, 14), and which is spaced apart from said strongly p-type region and defines a second selective electrode. The device is a homogeneous semiconductor in which the n-type and p-type layers other than the first layer (11) and the outermost layer (14)have substantially identical thicknesses and doping concentrations.

Abstract: An optical interferometric apparatus in which the intensity transmission factor is electrically controllable between at least one radiation beam input and at least one radiation beam output includes an interferometric device with a beam splitter for producing two coherent partial beams which pass via corresponding partial beam paths to a beam combining device where they interfere. In at least one of the partial beam paths there is disposed an electro-optical device in which the optical length of the portion of the partial beam path in question passing through it is electrically changeable, e.g., by means of the refractive index. The partial beams are combined strictly parallel with each other, so that the output beam provided by the beam combining device has a constant phase across its width and the intensity can be varied essentially between the full intensity of the input beam and zero by an appropriate change of the optical path length.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fibre-strengthened ceramic formed body with improved mechanical strength, wherein it contains at least 15% by volume of zirconium dioxide, hafnium dioxide or zirconium dioxide/hafnium dioxide composition in the form of monoclinic crystals and an amount of inorganic fibres sufficient for increasing the strength, which is obtainable by hot pressing a mixture of ceramic matrix materials, at least 15% by volume of tetragonal zirconium dioxide, hafnium dioxide or zirconium dioxide/hafnium dioxide composition particles and the fibres at a temperature above the tetragonal.fwdarw.monoclinic transition temperature.The present invention also provides a process for the production of such a ceramic formed body.

Abstract: A photomask useful as stencil or reticle comprises a thin layer, which includes regions of different optical transmissivity for light radiation of a predetermined spectral range. The layer consists of silicon or any other suitable semiconductor material, and the regions of different transmissivity consist essentially of the monocrystalline or amorphous phase of the mask material. The photomask may be manufactured by irradiating a thin layer of monocrystalline silicon with a focussed ion beam to convert the silicon within the irradiated regions into the amorphous phase.

Abstract: To determine the heat or cold sensation or pain threshold of a human being, thermode is applied to the skin of the subject under investigation, and the temperature is varied until the subject feels pain. This pain threshold temperature is maintained for a predetermined period of time and then the subject is requested to adjust the temperature until the same sensation is felt. The pain threshold temperature values obtained by this "tonic" method may be verified or improved by a "phasic" method of applying thermal stimuli, wherein pulse-type thermal stimuli are applied with randomly varying spacings and with temperatures which vary randomly about the pain threshold temperature established by the tonic method.