Abstract: A method of restoring activity in phenylalanine hydroxylase is provided. The method comprises exposing the phenylalanine hydroxylase to shikimic acid, a functionally equivalent analog thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of shikimic acid or analog thereof, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A novel charge-shifting copolymer is provided comprising a first charge-shifting monomer that is cationic under physiological conditions and which possesses cationic groups that may be converted into anionic groups under physiological conditions, a second monomer comprising at least one primary amine that is not convertible to an anionic group under physiological conditions, and optionally, one or more monomers which are polar uncharged monomers. A hydrogel system incorporating this copolymer, as well as a capsule system, are also provided.

Abstract: A polymer matrix is provided comprising an amine-containing polyampholyte covalently crosslinked with an electrophilic polymer to yield an immunocompatible polymer matrix. A hydrogel system incorporating the polymer matrix is also provided.

Abstract: The present application relates to hydrogel compositions comprising first and second precursor polymers, wherein the precursor polymers are modified poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) copolymers that are crosslinked through electrophile-nucleophile reactions.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for tuning associations between genetic variants of sequence elements of a subject genome and a target biological characteristic to a target population is described. The method notionally partitions the subject genome into discrete contiguous genome segments and derives a tuning function for each genome segment. The tuning function tunes the associations to the target population, and derivation of the tuning function for each genome segment excludes sequence elements in that same genome segment to avoid overfitting.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for a double-rotor switched reluctance machine. In one example embodiment, the double-rotor switched reluctance machine comprises an interior rotor, an exterior rotor spaced from the interior rotor and coaxially and concentrically disposed outside the interior rotor, and at least one stator disposed concentrically with the interior rotor and the exterior rotor. The interior rotor, the exterior rotor and the at least one stator are disposed within one machine set to provide an interior switched reluctance machine and an exterior switched reluctance machine. The interior switched reluctance machine and the exterior switched reluctance machine can operate as two motors, two generators, or a motor and a generator simultaneously.

Abstract: The present application is directed to methods of performing chemical reactions, including multi-step chemical reactions in which two or more of the reagents in the chemical reaction are incorporated or entrapped in a solid polymeric structure comprising pullulan. In certain embodiments, the chemical reaction or multi-step reaction serves as a sensor. Accordingly the present application is also directed to sensors for performing the methods of the application. In certain embodiments, at least one of the reagents is a biomolecule and the sensor is a biosensor. In certain other embodiments, the solid polymeric structure comprising pullulan and the reagents for performing a chemical reaction form a convenient device for performing a chemical reaction.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for a double-rotor switched reluctance machine with segmented rotors. In one example embodiment, the double-rotor switched reluctance machine comprises an interior rotor, an exterior rotor spaced from the interior rotor and concentrically disposed outside the interior rotor, and at least one stator disposed concentrically with the interior rotor and the exterior rotor. The interior rotor, the exterior rotor and the at least one stator are disposed within one machine set to provide an interior switched reluctance machine and an exterior switched reluctance machine. In the various embodiments described herein, at least one of the interior rotor and the exterior rotor comprises an array of magnetically isolated segments and filler segments. The interior switched reluctance machine and the exterior switched reluctance machine can operate as two motors, two generators, or a motor and a generator simultaneously.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to a reconfigurable energy storage system. In one embodiment, the reconfigurable energy storage system comprises a first energy storage system, a second energy storage system and a power converter. The power converter determines a first power level, a second power level and a load coupled to the power converter and manipulates the power transfer between the energy storage systems based on the first power level, the second power level and the load. In another embodiment, the reconfigurable energy storage system also comprises a third energy storage system. In this embodiment, the power converter determines a third power level corresponding to the third energy storage system and manipulates the power transfer between the energy storage systems based also on the third power level. The third power level may correspond to a state of charge of the third energy storage element or amount of power generated by the third energy storage system.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the field of energy recovery systems, and more particularly to exhaust heat recovery devices and exhaust flow control devices.

Abstract: A method of preserving the one or more chemical and/or biological species in a polymer matrix comprising pullulan and trehalose is described. The method includes combining the one or more chemical and/or biological species, an aqueous pullulan and a trehalose solution and drying the resultant mixture to provide a solid polymeric matrix. A polymeric matrix comprising one or more chemical and/or biological species and its use, for example, on surfaces for food preparation, for food preservation and in biological preparations is also described.

Abstract: The present application is directed to methods of performing chemical reactions, including multi-step chemical reactions in which two or more of the reagents in the chemical reaction are incorporated or entrapped in a solid polymeric structure comprising pullulan. In certain embodiments, the chemical reaction or multi-step reaction serves as a sensor. Accordingly the present application is also directed to sensors for performing the methods of the application. In certain embodiments, at least one of the reagents is a biomolecule and the sensor is a biosensor. In certain other embodiments, the solid polymeric structure comprising pullulan and the reagents for performing a chemical reaction form a convenient device for performing a chemical reaction.

Abstract: The present application is directed to the use of electrophoresis with UV detection in the determination of iodine nutritional status in human biological specimens, specifically for monitoring iodine deficiency/inadequacy in large-scale epidemiological studies. In particular, the present application is directed to a method for determining iodide and iodide uptake inhibitors in a human biological sample when using sample self-stacking with capillary electrophoresis and UV detection.

Abstract: The present application discloses a biosensor that comprises a nucleic acid probe absorbed on reduced graphene oxide, the nucleic acid probe comprising an RCA primer sequence linked to a recognition moiety for an analyte to be detected by the biosensor.

Abstract: The present application describes a biosensor for detecting target nucleic acid. The biosensor's mode of operation is based on binding of the target nucleic acid to another nucleic acid sequence and a circular template which triggers rolling circle amplification and detection of the amplified product as the indicator of the presence of the target nucleic acid. The biosensor is immobilized on a solid support, such as paper.

Abstract: The present application discloses metallophores that complex soluble gold and generate solid gold forms, including gold nanoparticles. In an embodiment, the metallophores are microbial metabolites isolated from organisms that are resistant to gold, or are analogs thereof. Methods of using the metallophores to extract and detect gold, along with detectors comprising the metallophores are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for linking a natural product and gene cluster is disclosed. In some embodiments, monomers of natural products are predicted from a gene sequence. In other emboidments, monomers of natural products are predicted from a chemical structure of a natural product. In another embodiment, monomers predicted from gene sequences are aligned with monomers predicted from chemical structures.

Abstract: The present application is directed to biosensors and methods for detecting a microorganism target in a sample using a mechanically interlocked nucleic acid catanane, wherein an enzyme from the microorganism target or that is activated by a molecule from the microorganism target cleaves a linkage in a first single-stranded nucleic acid ring of the catanane structure, allowing rolling-circle amplification to occur and the presence of rolling-circle amplification products indicates the presence of the microorganism in the sample.

Abstract: The present application relates to a new class of macroporous bio/inorganic hybrids, engineered through a high-throughput materials screening approach that entrap micron-sized concatemeric DNA aptamers. The entrapment of these long-chain DNA aptamers allows their retention within the macropores of the silica material, so that aptamers can interact with high molecular weight targets such as proteins.

Abstract: A method of determining generation of an activated protease in a biological sample is provided. The method comprises the steps of exposing a biological sample to a substrate for the activated protease, wherein the substrate comprises a detectable label linked to a cleavage sequence for the activated protease by C-terminal and N-terminal spacers that form a beta-sheet, and wherein the detectable label emits a first signal associated with the substrate and second signal associated with a cleaved product; and determining the generation of the activated protease by measuring the change in the first or second signal over time.