Abstract: The inventive reactor contains a fixed bed into whose lower area an oxygen-containing gasifying agent is introduced. Said gasifying agent moves upwards in the fixed bed. Product gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is guided out of the reactor over the fixed bed, through a discharge channel. At least one cyclone is located in the reactor for separating solids from the product gas. Said cyclone has an inlet for the dust-laden product gas coming from the fixed bed, a discharge line for product gas and a solids removal line leading into the fixed bed. Said cyclone discharge line is connected to the discharge channel of the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hot-melt adhesive for sealing the edge of laminated glass that has been produced according to cast-resin technology. The inventive adhesive comprises acrylate or metacrylate homopolymers or copolymers or mixtures thereof. The invention also relates to a method for the production and to the uses of said hot-melt adhesive.

Abstract: According to the invention, a fluidizing gas is introduced upwards into the fluidized bed (3) through a valve grid (2), said stationary fluidized bed (3) containing solids with different grain sizes. A supply pipe (10) is disposed in the area of the fluidized bed, the mouth of said pipe being located above the valve grid (2) and its outlet (12) leading outwards from the fluidized bed (3). Part of the solids located above the valve grid (2) is blown into the supply pipe by a gas jet (13) which is directed upwards and fed separately from the fluidizing gas and pneumatically evacuated from the fluidized bed through the supply pipe (10). Normally, the flow speed of the gas in the supply pipe is at least two times higher than the speed of the fluidizing gas in the fluidized bed.

Abstract: Process for preparing sulphuric acid from gasses containing SO3 and gaseous nitrosylsulphuric acid (NO+HSO4− or HO3SONO) by contact with 94% to 98% sulphuric acid, wherein the gases flow through at least one cooler and are cooled down to 160° C. to 130° C. to condense out nitrosylsulphuric acid before being brought into contact with the sulphuric acid.

Abstract: Anticorrosive white pigments useful for inhibiting corrosion include surface-coated TiO2 base bodies, preferably in the rutile modification, having Mn3(PO4)2 and one or more of the substances chosen from aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides, aluminum phosphates, aluminum hydrogen phosphates, aluminum dihydrogen phosphates and aluminum polyphosphates are precipitated on to the TiO2 base bodies. Mn3(PO4)2 may be replaced completely or partially by Zn3(PO4)2. Phosphates and/or oxides of cerium may be additionally deposited singly, or several of them may be deposited, on to the TiO2 base bodies.

Abstract: Inorganic anti-corrosive pigments consist of surface-coated solids having a grain size of 0.1 to 75 &mgr;m. In order to improve the resistance of the paints and coatings containing such pigments, firstly Mn3(PO4)2 and secondly aluminium oxides and/or aluminium hydroxides are precipitated onto the solids.

Abstract: Process for producing tartaric acid from a raw material whose dry matter comprises at least 5 wt% potassium hydrogentartrate wherein the raw material containing potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHT) is mixed with aqueous potassium hydroxide solution in a first reaction stage, where KHT is virtually completely reacted to form dipotassium tartrate (DKT), the aqueous solution containing DKT is then mixed with added acid in a precipitation stage at a pH value of 2.0 to 5.0, to produce a suspension containing crystallized KHT; crystallized KHT is then separated from the suspension, washed with water, and there is produced a solution at least 80 wt-% saturated with KHT and then the potassium is removed, to obtain an aqueous tartaric acid product solution, from which water is then at least partly removed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the novel lithium bisoxalatoborate compound, and to a method for producing this compound, on the basis of a lithium compound, an oxalic acid or an oxalate, and a boron compound. The invention also relates to another production method on the basis of lithium boron hydride and oxalic acid, and to the use of lithium bisoxalatoborate as a conducting salt in lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract: A catalyst for reacting SO2 with molecular oxygen to form SO3 is suited for a continuous operation at temperatures of 700° C. and above, when the same consists of a carrier and an active component connected with the carrier, the active component consists of 10 to 80 wt-% iron, the carrier has a BET surface of 100 to 2000 m2/g and an SiO2 content of at least 90 wt-%, and the weight ratio carrier:active component is 1:1 to 100:1.

Abstract: An aqueous solution contains phosphate for producing layers of phosphate on metal surfaces selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, zinc alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys. The solution contains 0.3 to 5 g Zn2+/1, 0.1 to 2 g nitroguanidine/1 and 0.05 to 0.5 g hydroxylamine/l, with an S-value amounting to 0.03 to 0.3 and the ratio of the weight of Zn2+ to P2O5=1:5 to 1.30.

Abstract: A solid fuel fluidized-bed steam generator in which a pair of combustion chambers straddle a heat-exchange chamber of rectangular configuration in a row and have one or more gas/solids separators connected to the combustion chambers at the tops thereof and lines which deliver gas from the separators to the heat-exchange chamber. The heat-exchange chamber has a plurality of heat-exchange elements for indirect heat exchange between hot gas and a cooling fluid, for example water, which is converted to steam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for regenerating reaction lubricant residues containing acid organic lubricants refused and processed during cold forming and multivalent metal ions and phosphate ions, wherein said reaction lubricant residues undergo the following procedural steps: a) precipitating metal ions from the metal organic compounds by adding phosphoric acid and/or acid phosphoric acid esters; b) dissolving water-soluble impurities by adding water; c) separating the solids from the lubricant components and from the aqueous phases that are incompatible with the oily lubricant components, and whereby d) acid phosphoric acid esters for adjusting the free acid at a value of less than 10 points and for adjusting a total acidity point value of less than 70 is adjusted at a free acid. total acidity ratio having a value in the range of 0.15 to 0.5. The separation indicated in step c) preferably occurs by means of a centrifuge at 2,000 to 3,000 g, especially at 8,000 to 15,000 g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of recovering monomeric esters of substituted or unsubstituted acrylic acid from polymer material having corresponding structural units by depolymerization by means of a fine-grained heat-transfer medium which is maintained above the depolymerization temperature of the polymer material. In a reactor, the polymer material is brought in contact with hot, mechanically fluidized heat-transfer medium. The resulting vapors are withdrawn and condensed, where the hot heat-transfer medium is continuously supplied at one end of the reactor, and cooled heat-transfer medium is discharged at the other end.

Abstract: High temperature flash distillation, for treating residual oils originating from crude oil refining, natural bitumen and/or tar sands, comprises feeding the oil to a mixer with granular hot coke, which serves as a thermal transfer medium. In mixing, 60-90% of the oil is vaporized. The non-vaporized fraction includes metal-containing asphaltenes. This fraction is further converted in the mixer, to oil vapor, gas and coke. Gases and vapor are withdrawn from the mixer, separately from the coke. The vapor phase is cooled and condensed to produce product oil. The gas itself is a further product. The coke is reheated and recycled to the mixer as the thermal transfer medium.

Abstract: Phthalic acid anhydride is recovered from a gas stream containing phthalic acid anhydride vapors by passing the gas stream upwardly through a vertical tube so that the gases expand at the orifice at the upper end of the tube and mix with granules entrained above the tube by fluidizing gas of a fluidized bed of phthalic acid anhydride granules around the tube. The tube, kept free from phthalic acid anhydride granules and the fluidized bed, is indirectly cooled.

Abstract: There is described a process of transferring &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated alkyl groups to an electrophile (aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, imine, alkyne) by means of a masked zinc alkyl in an aprotic solvent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing an aqueous zinc phosphatizing solution for producing phosphate coatings on metallic surfaces of iron, steel, zinc, zinc alloys, aluminum or aluminum alloys, which comprises: (1) 0.3 to 5 g Zn2+/1; (2) 0.1 to 3 g nitroguanidine/1 as an accelerator; (3) phosphate where the acid value is 0.03 to 0.3 indicating the ratio of free acid, calculated as free P2O5 to the total P2O5, and the weight ratio of Zn to P2O5 is 1:5 to 1:30; and (4) balance water, where the solution produces finely crystallite phosphate coatings in which the crystallites have a maximum edge length <15 &mgr;m, which comprises the steps of: (a) preparing a concentrate comprising the Zn2+ and the phosphate in water; (b) supplying additional water to the concentrate so that the Zn2+ concentration in the phosphatizing solution is 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the electroless deposition of a copper coating on an iron or iron alloy surface wherein the workpiece surface is contacted with a solution which contains hydrogen ions, 5 to 30 g/l Cu as well as 0.2 to 5 g/l Mg and preferably copper and magnesium with a weight ratio of Cu:Mg of (35 to 5):1 for a treatment time of 3 sec to 15 min at a temperature of the solution of 20 to 65° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing organo alkali-metal compounds by reacting metal lithium, sodium or potassium with organic compounds containing at least one acidic CH bond in a solvent. The inventive method is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor, wherein 0.5 to 5 moles of the hydrogen acceptor are used per mole of acid hydrogen, which hydrogen can be replaced by lithium, sodium or potassium, whereby 1 to 3, moles of lithium, sodium or potassium are used per mole of acid hydrogen and the acid CH bond has a pKa value of 10 to 30. Cyclopentadiene, indene, fluorene and substitution products thereof, or monosubstituted alkynes or methane substitution products, are preferred CH acid organic compounds. Hydrocarbons used as hydrogen acceptors include these with at least one CC double bond in conjugation with either another CC double bond or with a monocyclic aryl radical.

Abstract: The process of preparing a solution of basic sulfate-containing polyaluminum chloride includes digesting an aluminum-containing substance with hydrochloric acid to form a resulting solution and an insoluble residue; filtering the resulting solution to separate the insoluble residue therefrom and to form a solids-free solution; concentrating the solids-free solution by evaporation to form a concentrated solution having an AlCl3 content of about 30 percent by weight; recovering AlCl3·6 H2O from the concentrated solution by crystallization; thermally decomposing the recovered AlCl3·6 H2O by heating at 150 to 200° C. so as to form a solid basic aluminum chloride containing Al and OH in a molar ratio of OH/Al of 1.35:1 to 2.25:1; dissolving the solid basic aluminum chloride in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution and heat-treating at 40 ° C. to 70 ° C.