Abstract: The invention to provide novel tetralin compounds, liquid crystal materials and liquid crystal compositions, which can constitute a liquid crystal element affording a wide operating temperature range, a high switching speed and a small consumption of electric power as well as a stable contrast.The tetralin compound of the invention is represented by the following formula [I] ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group or a polyfluoroalkyl group of 3-20 carbon atoms (wherein one --CH.sub.2 -- or 2 or more --CH.sub.2 -- or --CF.sub.2 -- not adjacent to each other in these groups may be substituted with --O--), X is --COO--, --O-- or a single bond, A is each independently selected from ##STR2## (Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are hydrogen or fluorine), Y is a group selected from --COO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, and --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, R.sup.1 * is an optically active group represented by the formula --C*H--(CF.sub.3)--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O--C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 [II].

Abstract: A semiaromatic polyamide resin composition of the present invention contains a polyamide (A) in which a dicarboxylic acid component unit comprises a terephthalic acid component unit and a diamine component unit comprises a straight-chain alkylenediamine component unit and an alkylenediamine component unit having a side-chain alkyl group; and a modified ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer (B) obtained by graft-modifying an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer having particular properties with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof. A molded article obtained by using this composition exhibits excellent anti-creeping property under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, and causes the metal mold to be little fouled during the molding operation.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed polyol having a vinyl polymer dispersed in polyol, the vinyl polymer comprising containing 5 to 80 wt % of acrylamide compound (A) represented by the formula (1):CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (1)wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 0 to 70 wt % of one or more monomer (B) selected from acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, and 0 to 95 wt % of a vinyl monomer (C) which can copolymerize with (A) and (B), and 95 to 20 wt % of the total amount of (B) and (C); and when (C) is 0 wt %, (A) is the polymer of a vinyl monomer mixture containing an acrylamide derivative represented by the formula (2):CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.4 CONR.sup.5 R.sup.6 (2)wherein R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a buffer layer 32 on n-GaAs, a clad layer 31, a wave guide layer 30 and a carrier block layer 29 of n-AlGaAs, a side barrier layer 28 of non-doped AlGaAs, an active layer 27 which is formed by two non-doped GaAs quantum well layers and a barrier layer of AlGaAs, a side barrier layer 26 of non-doped AlGaAs, a carrier block layer 25, a wave guide layer 23 and a clad layer 22 of p-AlGaAs, and a cap layer 21 of p-GaAs are grown in this order. Inside the wave guide layer 23, current blocking layers 24 having a lower refractive index and higher Al-composition than that of the wave guide layer and sandwich a strip-shaped active region 34. This creates a refractive index difference between the active region 34 and buried regions 33 in which each of the current blocking layers 24 exists, thereby forming a refractive index guide structure. Thus, it is possible to obtain a high-output semiconductor laser device of the refractive index guided type which is easy to manufacture.

Abstract: A process, as a substitute for hydrolysis, for preparing a nitroguanidine derivative represented by the following formula (2): ##STR1## wherein A represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle, a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or cyclic C.sub.1-10 alkyl group and A and R.sub.2 have the same meanings as defined above, with ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A detect observing apparatus according to the present invention has a purpose for forming an observing specimen by using a TEM and the like in a positive and simple manner and is used in observation of defect or foreign matter in an object to be tested by means of a laser tomography and includes an illumination means for illuminating observing laser light onto the object to be tested, and a microscope for observing the illuminated object to be tested, the apparatus further comprises a marking means for forming marks at a plurality of points on a surface of the object to be tested in the vicinity of the defect or foreign matter to be observed under the microscope, and a position detecting means for detecting positions of the plurality of marks formed on the surface of the object to be tested and a position of the observed defect or foreign matter through the microscope.

Abstract: A curable rubber composition comprises of a silicone rubber (A) and an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin-polyene amorphous copolymer (B) containing as the polyene component a norbornene compound having at least one kind of vinyl terminal group represented by 5-vinyl-2-norbornene or 5-methylene-2-norbornene. The rubber composition is speedily cured, if said components (A) and (B) are mixed by the A/B mixing ratio of 98/2-2/98 (% by weight) and kneaded in the presence of an organic peroxide. A vulcanizate rubber excelling in mechanical strength, water resistance and thermal aging resistance can be manufactured from said composition, since its crosslink density can be enhanced without impairing processing properties. Additionally, said composition entails reduced mold fouling phenomenon in the molding operation. Vulcanizate rubber thereby obtained can be advantageously used as industrial parts and electric parts.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing O-(meth)acrylate compound of the following formula (1) is useful as a starting material for a resin composition used in optical applications such as a lens; wherein R represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; l represents an integer from 1 to 3; B is ##STR1## when B is ##STR2## n is 2; m is 1 or 2; A is selected from the following groups: ##STR3## wherein m represents 1 or 2; each ring may be substituted by one or more alkyl, alkylthio or alkoxy groups having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; p and q are 0 or 1, while m is 1 when p is 1;when B is ##STR4## n is 1; m is 2 or 3; A is selected from the following groups:--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --,--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --S--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --,--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.s --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.r -- and ##STR5## wherein r and s are an integer from 1 to 3; when B is ##STR6## n is 1; m is 2; A is selected from the following groups:--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --,--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --S--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.r -- and--(CH.sub.

Abstract: A vulcanizable rubber composition comprising a blend which is prepared by micro-dispersing a polyolefin resin (B) in an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin-nonconjugated polyene copolymer rubber (A) comprising ethylene, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefin and a nonconjugated polyene in a molten state and in which the mean diameter of dispersed particles of the polyolefin resin (B) is 2 .mu.m or below and the (B) to (A) weight ratio ranges from 5/95 to 50/50. The micro-dispersion of a polyolefin resin (B) can easily be attained by kneading the components (A) and (B) together with compounding ingredients (such as reinforcement, filler, softener, vulcanization accelerator, vulcanizing agent and so on) in a rubber kneader, through the resin (B) is essentially difficult of micro-dispersion. Further, the composition enables the provision of rubber articles having a high and constant quality at a low cost, because the resin (B) can well be dispersed by conventional rubber kneaders in a short time without fail.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymerization process comprising feeding a monomer as a raw material, a polymerization catalyst, and optionally, an inert medium to a tubular reactor in a pressurized state; permitting a part of the raw material monomer and the inert medium fed to the reactor to form a gas phase and the remainder to form a liquid phase, so that both of the gas phase comprising the raw material monomer and/or the inert medium and the liquid phase comprising the raw material monomer and/or the inert medium are present in the reactor, wherein said liquid phase may contain a resulting polymer as a solid, and so that a gas-liquid separated flow or a gas-liquid-solid separated flow has the gas phase that is continuous in the direction of flow is formed in the reactor; and polymerizing the raw material monomer while carrying the liquid phase by the gas phase flow, wherein the ratio of a volume flow rate of the liquid phase to a volume flow rate of the gas phase at the outlet of the reactor is 0.00001 to 100,000.

Abstract: A sealant resin composition for retort packaging film comprises a high density polyethylene as the main resin component and a linear low density polyethylene polymerized by use of the metallocene catalyst. A sealant film produced therefrom is resistant to whitening, heat fusion, heat deformation after being subjected to boiling sterilization treatment and prevent breakage of pouches produced therefrom even at low temperatures because of its high impact strength and heat sealing strength.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a process for preparation of a solid titanium catalyst component for an olefin polymerization excellent in polymerization activity per unit catalyst, and a process for preparation of a polyolefin using a catalyst containing the catalyst component. The process according to the present invention is characterized by comprising the steps of contacting (A) a magnesium compound with (B) a solution titanium compound to obtain a solid titanium catalyst component composed of titanium, magnesium and a halogen as the essential components, wherein a titanium compound mixture liquid composed of 88 to 99% by weight of a titanium compound and 1 to 12% by weight of hydrocarbon containing halogen-containing hydrocarbon is used as (B) the solution titanium compound.

Abstract: A process for treating pyruvic acid and other impurities of lactic acid by reduction treatment of an aqueous lactic acid solution and for obtaining high quality lactic acid having a substantially no pyruvic acid content, high purity, excellent heat stability and improved smell. Further, a high molecular weight polylactic acid having low coloration and consistent quality can be prepared by dehydration polycondensation of lactic acid obtained by the reduction treatment.

Abstract: A striker for use in a door latch apparatus comprises a base made of a normal-strength steel plate having a strength of 30 to 40 kg/mm.sup.2 and a U-shaped member made of a high-strength steel rod having a strength equal to or higher than 70 kg/mm.sup.2. The U-shaped member has inner and outer flanges, between which the base is firmly sandwiched. The inner flanges are formed without being heated. The U-shaped member is fixed to the base after hardened and tempered. After the U-shaped member is connected with the base, the base is not hardened or is not tempered.

Abstract: A visible light curable resin composition containing a photocurable resin, a photoreaction initiator and a photosensitizer having the formula (1). The composition has a very high sensitivity to a general-purpose visible light laser, so that a high-speed scanning exposure is possible by the laser, and an extremely fine high resolution can be obtained. In addition, the composition can be used for coating or printing under safelight irradiating conditions and under bright circumstantial conditions without any thickening of the composition, and hence the composition can exert excellent noticeable effects in points of safe operativity, operational efficiency and the stability of products. Formula (1) is as follows: ##STR1## wherein rings X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each an optionally substituted pyrrole ring; Y is H, CN, optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl group; and Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.

Abstract: An alkaline refractory metal which is insoluble in alkaline etching solutions, is electrodeposited on the surface of copper foil, then a thermosetting resin is applied to the surface and semi-cured to obtain a coated copper foil. The coated copper foil is bonded to one or both faces of an inner layer board having wirings on one or both of its faces. Then, the copper foil on a surface of this laminate is removed by alkaline etching, while selectively leaving the alkaline refractory metal layer. A laser beam is used to form via holes in both the alkaline refractory metal layer and the thermosetting resin layer simultaneously. With the above method, via holes of the multi-layered printed wiring board can be easily formed using a laser, and adhesion between the outer wirings made from the plated copper and the insulating resin is improved.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic optical component prepared from a resin essentially comprising one or more repetitive structural units selected from the group consisting of structures represented by general formula (1); ##STR1## wherein A is either of the groups below. ##STR2## This invention provides an organic optical component with excellent transparency, heat resistance and mechanical strength as well as a low birefringence. This invention also provides a novel aromatic polyamide with a low permitivity and excellent transparency, processability and thermal stability, besides excellent heat resistance inherent in an aromatic polyamide.

Abstract: A resin composition containing components (A), (B), (C) and (D) wherein component (A) is a resin composition containing a thermoplastic polyimide resin, component (B) is carbon fiber, component (C) is mica, component (D) is an internal mold-releasing agent, and relative to 100 parts by weight of component (A), component (B) is from 1 to 80 parts by weight, component (C) 1 to 100 parts by weight, and component (D) is 0.1 to 50 parts by weight.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser light source includes: a semiconductor laser array which emits laser beams whose polarization planes are parallel to each other and whose divergent angles .theta.z and .theta.x in two orthogonal directions satisfy an inequality .theta.z>.theta.x; a cylindrical lens which converges the laser beams emitted from the semiconductor laser array in a direction that decreases the divergent angle .theta.z; a wave plate which controls the direction of polarization so that the polarization planes of the laser beams having passed through the cylindrical lens are at 90 degrees to each other; a birefringent optical element which merges by the birefringent effect the optical paths of the laser beams having passed through the wave plate; and a light emitting surface which converges the laser beams merged by the birefringent optical element in a direction that decreases the divergent angle .theta.x.

Abstract: Transparent laminates which have high transparency and, moreover, excellent electromagnetic shielding characteristics and near-infrared cutting-off characteristics, and optical filters for displays using these transparent laminates. These transparent laminates are formed by laminating a transparent electrically conductive layer composed of high-refractive-index transparent film layers (B) and metal film layers (C) consisting of silver or a silver-containing alloy on one major surface of a transparent substrate (A) in such a way that a repeating unit comprising a combination of one high-refractive-index transparent film layer (B) and one metal film layer (C) is laminated three times or more, and further laminating one high-refractive-index transparent film layer (B) thereon. The transparent laminate has a sheet resistance of not greater than 3 .OMEGA./sq., a visible light transmittance of not less than 50%, and a light transmittance of not greater than 20% in a wavelength region longer than 820 nm.