Abstract: A process for recovery of resorcinol from an aqueous resorcinol solution containing hydroquinone which comprises oxidizing an aqueous resorcinol solution containing about 10 to about 60% by weight of resorcinol and up to about 1% by weight of hydroquinone with molecular oxygen at conditions of pH 6.5 to 9.5, followed by recovering resorcinol from the resultant oxidation product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the liquefaction of coal in which a slurry composed of the coal, a solvent, and an iron ore consisting mainly of a hydrate of iron oxide is heated under an elevated pressure of hydrogen.

Abstract: In the polymerization of vinyl chloride, the adhesion of the resulting polymer to the walls can be prevented by previously applying a specific chemical to the inner walls of the polymerization tank and parts of the device to be contacted with the monomer during the polymerization. This specific chemical is a copolycondensate obtained by reacting a resol type phenol/formaldehyde precondensate with a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of nitrophenols, nitrobenzoic acids, nitrobenzenesulfonic acids, aminophenols, aminobenzoic acids and aminobenzenesulfonic acids.

Abstract: In a synthesis of urea using ammonia in a highly excessive molar ratio, unreacted materials are decomposed and separated by subjecting the urea synthesis effluent to a stripping step using carbon dioxide at a pressure equal to the urea synthesis pressure. The thus-separated gaseous mixture of ammonia and carbon dioxide is condensed through an indirect heat exchange with an effluent stream discharged from the stripping step and lowered to a predetermined pressure level. Resulting condensation heat is used for the decomposition and separation of unreacted materials still remaining in said effluent stream. By choosing suitable operation conditions for each step of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of high pressure steam to be required and to minimize the amount of low pressure steam to be recovered.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of granulation comprising dropping as liquid droplets the melt of a substance solidifiable by cooling or drying through a zone having a sufficient vertical distance to allow solidification of the droplets, forming a fluidized bed of the solidified droplets on the bottom of the said zone, spraying the same or a different melt from the above mentioned substance as fine liquid grains along with a gas stream into the fluidized bed thereby forming a spouted bed of the solidified droplets in the fluidized bed, coating and enlarging the solidified droplets with the fine liquid grains inside the spouted bed, and discharging the obtained large sized granules from the fluidized bed. There is also disclosed an apparatus for practicing the process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a granulating process which comprises the steps of providing a plurality of spouted bed granulation zones arranged in series and one or more fluidizing zones for cooling and drying purposes each disposed between two adjacent ones of the granulation zones, introducing priming granules of a particulate material into the first-stage granulation zone while spraying thereinto an adherent and solidifiable liquid together with a gas stream to enlarge the priming granules, cooling and drying the enlarged granules in the succeeding fluidizing zone, passing the resulting granules through the other granulation zones and fluidizing zones successively, and withdrawing the granules enlarged to a desired particle size from the last-stage granulation zone. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out this granulating process.

Abstract: In an improved process for recovering a phenolic compound, the improvement comprising, subjecting a phenolic containing fraction recovered overhead in an extractive distillation, to a subsequent steam distillation; recovering the phenolic product as a bottoms fraction therefrom, and recycling such product to some point upstream in the process.

Abstract: An orthoalkylated aromatic amine is produced at a high selectivity from the reaction of an aromatic amine having at least one hydrogen atom at the ortho-positions and a primary or secondary alcohol under heating in the presence of a catalyst containing, as a main constituent, iron oxides.

Abstract: Lower alcohols are prepared by hydrating the corresponding olefin in an aqueous solution containing a chromium compound, phosphoric acid and heteropolyacid. Phosphoric acid has a high catalytic activity for the hydration of lower olefins, but causes a remarkable corrosion to an apparatus material under the state of an aqueous solution. The catalytic composition consisting of phosphoric acid and heteropolyacid is improved in activity and stability. Owing to the coexistence of heteropolyacid an acid degree is raised, nevertheless the corrosion of apparatus materials is not increased. As an anti-corrosive a chromium compound is incorporated into the aqueous solution containing the catalytic composition of phosphoric acid and heteropolyacid.

Abstract: A seat is made by using a frame fabricated by cold drawing of laminates composed of an inner layer of a non-metallic material sandwiched between two metal foil outer layers.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2,3-dihalopropionitrile is provided which comprises directly halogenating acrylonitrile with a halogenating agent in the presence of a carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or hydrogen phosphate of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and in the absence of positive irradiation of light.

Abstract: In a process for separating at least two alkyl phenols having close boiling points by azeotropic distillation of a mixture composed of the alkyl phenols with a hydrocarbon azeotroping agent, the improvement wherein said hydrocarbon azeotroping agent is selected from saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons of 9 to 13 carbon atoms having a boiling point of 150.degree. to 190.degree. C. at 760 mmHg.

Abstract: A laminated multilayer structure comprising(1) a thermoplastic olefin resin layer (A) in the form of a shaped article,(2) a primer layer (B) liquid-coated on and contacted with at least one surface of the layer (A) and composed of (b.sub.1) 20 to 100% by weight based on the weight of the layer (B) of a graft-modified synthetic olefinic rubber or graft-modified 4-methyl-1-pentene resin obtained by grafting an organic silane compound having the following formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a monovalent olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having up to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbonoxy radical having up to 11 carbon atoms, X represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical selected from the class consisting of alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and aryl groups having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.

Abstract: In a process for producing cumene and/or diisopropylbenzene which comprises, in combination,(I) an alkylating step,(II) a transalkylating step,(III) a catalyst separating step,(IV) a neutralization step, and(V) fractionally distilling step;characterized in that(a) step (I) is carried out at a temperature of about 40.degree. C. to about 85.degree. C. while maintaining the activity coefficient (M) of the catalyst at about 10.times.10.sup.-4 to about 300.times.10.sup.-4 and the concentration of aluminum chloride in the system at 0.005 to 0.15 mole/liter, and(b) step (II) is carried out without removing the catalyst from the reaction product of step (I) and at a temperature of about 40.degree. C. to about 75.degree. C. in the presence of added fresh aluminum chloride in an amount of 2 to 20 parts by weight/hr per 1000 parts by weight/hr of diisopropylbenzene in the reaction system while maintaining the activity coefficient (M) of the catalyst in the system at about 30.times.10.sup.-4 to about 300.times.10.sup.

Abstract: In an apparatus for treatment of an ammoniacal waste liquid comprising a reaction tank for effecting a decomposition reaction of fixed ammonia by adding a calcium series alkali so as to obtain a reaction product comprising free ammonia and a calcium salt, a solid-liquid separator for effecting separation of the calcium salt so as to obtain a separated liquid, a distillation column for steam-stripping of the free ammonia from the separated liquid, and a pipe passage connecting consecutively said reaction tank, said separator and said distillation column, the improvement comprising a heat aging tank interposed in the pipe passage between the solid-liquid separator and the distillation column so that the calcium salt present in a dissolved state in the separated liquid may be separated out and aged in the aging tank where the liquid is raised to the temperature at the top of the distillation column, thus preventing blocking in the distillation column.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semi-submerged ship comprising at least two lower hulls always located below the surface of water and arranged substantially in parallel to each other with respect to the direction of advance, struts mounted substantially vertically on the upper portion of each of all or at least two of the lower hulls along almost the entire length thereof and an upper hull supported by these struts and always located above the surface of water. In this semi-submerged ship, at least one opening is formed on each strut wherein the height of the opening is less than the height of the strut and a water-tight seal is formed between this opening and the interior of the strut. This ship is arranged so that the draft line of the ship is located on the openings of the struts while the ship is stopped. This semi-submerged ship is effectively used as a passenger ship, a cargo ship, a floating factory ship or the like and is especially suitable for stevedoring while stopping the ship in the wavy sea.

Abstract: An aluminum-based die casting alloy for producing high strength, crack free die castings, comprising 4-8% Zn, 6-11% Mg, 0.05-0.45% Ti and/or Zr if desired, and the balance aluminum. In one embodiment, the die casting alloy may further comprise 0.3-2.0% Fe to prevent the die casting alloy in the molten state from eroding the gate and its neighborhood of a die during casting in the die.

Abstract: A high-molecular-weight novolak type substituted phenolic resin having a number average molecular weight of at least 1500 is prepared by reacting (A) (i) a phenol comprised mainly of a bifunctional phenol or (ii) a low-molecular-weight novolak type substituted phenolic resin derived from this phenol and an aldehyde with (B) a chain extender selected from the group consisting of (i) a dimethylolated product of a bifunctional or trifunctional phenol, (ii) a low-molecular-weight resol type substituted phenolic resin derived from a phenol comprised mainly of a bifunctional phenol and an aldehyde, (iii) an aldehyde, (iv) a ketone, (v) a diol and (vi) a dihalide in the presence of an acid catalyst, with the proviso that if the reactant (A) is the phenol (i), the chain extender is the resol type substituted phenolic resin (ii).

Abstract: An aqueous solution of acrylamide obtained by catalytic hydration of acrylonitrile in the presence of a copper-based catalyst is purified by the steps, in sequence, of (a) removal of the unreacted acrylonitrile, (b) removal of copper, (c) treatment under basic conditions, (d) cation exchanging treatment and (e) weakly basic anion exchanging treatment. The acrylamide obtained by this process has good storage stability. An acrylamide polymer produced from this monomer is useful as a flocculant having a reduced content of the unreacted monomer, a high molecular weight and excellent solubility in water.

Abstract: In a process wherein a slurry of water-containing coal and a solvent is heated to 100.degree.-350.degree. C. and then subjected to vapor-liquid separation by which water vapor is separated from the slurry to obtain a dehydrated slurry, a slurry to be dehydrated is mixed with a part of the dehydrated slurry and then heated. The dehydrated slurry thus obtained is suitable for use as a starting material for the hydrogenolysis of coal.