Abstract: A method of compacting a non-woven sintered metal web (1), characterized in that said non woven metal web (1) as such is isostatically pressed, preferably cold isostatically pressed. The isostatically pressed metal web may be used in filter applications and in radiant surface combustion burners.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel substrate with metal coatings for the reinforcement of vulcanizable elastomers, as well as a method for the continuous manufacture of a thus coated substrate and elastomer objects reinforced with said substrate.The substrate is provided with a first coating and a second coating at least covering part of the first one and a bonding layer being present between the two said coatings. The second coating comprises e.g. cobalt that can be applied by plasma sputtering. The coating combination can be easily adapted to the specific elastomer compositions and the reinforcement requirements aimed at.

Abstract: Strand for application as reinforcement in objects of polymer material comprising at least one core and less than six outside wires arranged round it, the core having an outside diameter larger than the diameter of the circle tangent to each of the outside wires in the hollow space that remains free when their cross-sections have the highest packing density and smaller than the diameter of the outside wires, whereby the outside wires are made of carbon steel wire with a tensile strength of at least 2250-1130 log d N/mm.sup.2, d being the wire diameter in mm.

Abstract: Drag out of lead with elongated steel elements (1) upon exit from a bath (2) of molten lead is prevented by bringing the elongated steel elements into contact with an amount of a substance such as H.sub.2 S, Hcl or ZnCl.sub.2 /.nNH.sub.4 Cl, that is capable of transforming lead oxide into another product at the exit conditions of said elongated steel elements (1) from the bath (2) of molten lead. The steel may emerge from the bath into a non-oxidizing atmosphere, such as a bed of coal, where the converted lead or lead compound may be mechanically stripped from the element.

Abstract: After a last patenting operation at a first diameter d.sub.1 a steel wire is (a) drawn by means of a lubricant to an intermediate work hardened state at an intermediate diameter d.sub.2, (b) coated at said intermediate diameter d.sub.2 and work hardened state with a brass alloy, (c) drawn at said intermediate diameter d.sub.2 and work hardened state to a final diameter d.sub.f. This process may increase the ultimate tensile strength of the steel wire and may reduce the frequency of fractures during the drawing operation. The process also may provide steel wires with an improved adhesion to rubber.

Abstract: A reinforcing apparatus (8) is fitted in each n-th bed joint (4). The horizontal reinforement (10) of the reinforcing apparatus is embedded in a mortar layer (20) of the bed joint (4). Vertical reinforcing elements (16, 18) of adjacent reinforcing apparatuses (8) are arranged two by two in the vertical recesses (22) of the building stones (2) overlapping each other at least in part and embedded in a mortar mass (26). This way, a horizontally and vertically reinforced masonry wall is obtained, which can be constructed in practice in accordance with the usual method of construction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for securing the end of wire coiled onto a spool, whereby the last winding of the wire coiled onto the spool is taken up together with at least one preceding winding and connected thereto, after which the wire is cut between the connection thus made and the wire feed apparatus, whereby the length of the windings to be connected to each other is increased under tension and the additional length of wire is concentrated where the connection is to be formed, that the additional length of the windings to be connected to each other is held under tension, and that during the connection operation the additional, free length of wire of the windings to be connected to each other is incorporated in the connection thus formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for continuously cleaning a long metal substrate, such as a wire, a band, a cord, etc., the long substrate to be cleaned being led through a vacuum chamber, whereinto an inert sputtering gas, such as argon, is fed, and a sufficiently high voltage being maintained between the substrate as cathode and an anode present in the chamber so that an electric discharge takes place between the two electrode, as a result of which the substrate is cleaned by inert gas ions bombarding it during its passage through the vacuum chamber, and the anode being formed by at least one annular electrode, fitted in a long casing of heat-radiation transmitting material and the long substrate being led through the casing in longitudinal direction. The invention further relates to the thus cleaned metal substrates, as well as to the objects of polymer material reinforced therewith.

Abstract: Metal fibers obtained by the bundled drawing of a composite bundle of metal wires embedded in a metal matrix followed by the electrolytic removal of the matrix so that the surface layers of the fibers contain only a negligible amount (.ltoreq.0.2% at) of the matrix metal. Furthermore, a description is given of a process and an apparatus for the continuous electrolytic removal of the matrix material. Thereby, the composite bundle acts as an anode. Stainless steel fibers according to the invention have an average Cr/Cr+Fe+Ni content at their surface between 1% and 15%.

Abstract: A brass alloy coating is disclosed which is of use in the manufacture of steel reinforced rubber articles, particularly tires. The alloy contains small amounts of phosphorus, particularly phosphates, and the adhesion between the rubber and brass is thereby improved, especially under high humidity and/or high temperature conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reel (1) comprising a core (2) and two flanges (3) holding elongated material (4), such as wire, ribbon-like material, etc. wound on the core (2) between the flanges (3) and whereby each flange (3) of the reel (1) is a substantially rectangular panel (3) (see FIG. 1). More in particular, the invention relates to a crate (10) containing one or more reels (1) and comprising at least four vertical walls, a base and a top, whereby the base and the top of crate (10) are symmetrical and have been provided with supporting elements (11) to accommodate the ends (6) of the flanges (3) of the reels (1) held in the crate (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for simulating and determining the corrosion behavior of an electrically conducting element (2) when said element is embedded in a polymer matrix. The corrosion is determined by mounting the element as working electrode (2) in a usual measuring cell (1) for electrochemical corrosion. The element is thereby embedded in a viscous, preferably transparent mass (4) as electrolyte containing selected substances capable of attacking the element (2).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a steel wire with high tensile strength having improved bending and torsional ductility properties useful as a reinforcement wire or cord, especially for rubber products such as tires, comprising providing steel comprising less than 0.015%, preferably less than 0.010%, and most preferably less than 0.008% by weight sulfur and drawing said steel beyond normal drawing limits into a wire having a tensile strength in N/mm.sup.2 of at least 2250-1130 log d where d is the wire diameter in millimeters, and optionally, depositing a covering layer of rubber adherable material such as brass on the drawn wire.

Abstract: A reinforcing strip, and method of making same, specifically adapted for use in reinforcing plies in the belt of rubber tires. The strip comprises a number, preferably 4 to 7, of parallel wires, tightly bound together by a wrapping wire or a binder. This strip form allows to combine the advantages of steel strip, i.e. high lateral and low radial stiffness and thinner piles, with those of conventional steel cord, i.e. high tensile strength and fatigure resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a welding electrode with smooth surface for gas shielded arc welding, comprising a steel substrate provided with a thin, ferrous oxide containing covering layer. This covering layer has a thickness of less than 500 .ANG. and the structure of a ferric oxide gel comprising trivalent Fe-cations surrounded by oxygen containing anions, which anion-surrounded cations are amorphously bound in an aqueous gel-like network.A method is also described of producing this electrode and of using it in an arc-welding process.

Abstract: Steel substrate with brass covering layer to enhance adhesion to rubber particularly in humid atmosphere above ambient temperature wherein said covering layer has at its surface a (Cu/Cu+Zn)-ratio of not more than 0.2 the respective Cu and Zn contents being considered in at. %. In addition the content of carbon and inorganic impurities in the brass surface layer is low. A method for producing said brass covered substrate comprises the steps of shortly heating a normal brass covered substrate at between 250.degree. and 350.degree. C. in a vacuum atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mesh basket obtained by deforming a metal mesh of which the wires are connected to one another at the intersections, into a permanent shape in a mould, and which, after having received the required shape, is provided with all elements required for its use. The used piece of mesh is characterized in each of the combinations of intersecting wires the spacing between the outermost wires is large than the spacing between the wires located more towards the center (see FIG. 2).

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and machine for removing at least one layer of reinforcing elements from a breaker or belt of a rubber tire.According to the method of the invention for removing at least one layer of reinforcing elements, such as steel cords, etc. from a breaker or belt located between the tread area and the carcass of a rubber tire; the tread area of the tire is first removed down to the layer of reinforcing elements by rasping off this tread area, and afterwards each reinforcing element, for example each steel cord, of the layer to be removed is cut through in at least one place and the so cut reinforcing elements are removed by further rasping.This invention further relates to a machine for carrying out this method.

Abstract: Apparatus for winding at least one elongate element with a constant linear speed, such apparatus comprising a feeding mechanism 3, 4, 30, 31, 32 for said elongate element 1, a reel 6 and an induction motor 39 which drives said reel with a fixed gear ratio, the induction motor 39 having such a torque/rotational speed characteristic which is approximately equal to the torque/rotational speed characteristic necessary to obtain a constant tension in the elongate element. The torque/rotational speed characteristic for constant tension is obtained by control means 37 for adapting the frequency and the voltage magnitude of the drive signal for said induction motor. The feeding mechanism preferably comprises an electric motor 30, a transmission 31, 32 and a capstan 3. The control means preferably comprises an AC generator 37 which drives the induction motor and is rotated at a speed which is proportional to the rotation speed of the electric motor 30 of the feeding mechanism.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for checking the authenticity of documents, such as banknotes or credit-cards. The documents comprise a number of randomly distributed conductive fibres of which the distribution is scanned by microwaves and the response is transformed into a digital coded signal. A digital mark on the document, which is representative for the distribution of an individual document, is read off, transcoded, and compared with said coded signal for producing an approval signal. The use of a microwave scanning system in conjunction with documents having a random distribution of suitable fibres ensures a great repetitivity and security of the system.