Abstract: Improved "easy-clean" vinyl acetate homo- and copolymer-based emulsion adhesives are provided by the addition thereto of specific water soluble, ionic salts. Those particular vinyl acetate based adhesives which are formulated for use in remoistening applications are further improved with respect to their "lay-flat" performance.

Abstract: High strength pigment binders for paper coating having increased water retention and stability are disclosed. The coating compositions comprise an aqueous synthetic polymer latex and pigment and may contain other additives used in the art of pigmented paper coating. The latex comprises a dispersed interpolymer of a vinyl ester, a polyethylenically unsaturated comonomer and a ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid and optionally an alkyl acrylate.

Abstract: The production rate and yield resulting from the dewatering of starch conversion products containing swollen starch granules resulting from treatments with cationic reagents is improved by the addition to the starch slurry of a water soluble anionic polymer.

Abstract: Instant gelling tapioca or potato starches characterized by forming at least a weak gel having Bloom strengths of about 70 grams are prepared by forming an aqueous slurry of native tapioca or potato starch at a pH of about 5-12, drum drying the slurry to render the starches cold-water-dispersible, and heat treating the drum-dried starch to reduce its viscosity to within defined Brabender viscosity limits. The heat treatment is carried out in a conventional heating device, such as an electric or gas oven or a dextrinizer, for about 1.5-24 hours at about 125.degree.-180.degree. C. Lightly converted (fluidity) starches can also be used to prepare instant gelling starches provided the pH is above 6.5 and the proper time and temperature are selected for the heat-treatment. The instant gelling starch are particularly useful in food systems of the type which gel upon standing, such as pie fillings, jellies and puddings.

Abstract: Novel C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl- and C.sub.3 -C.sub.22 alkenyl-sulfosuccinate starch half-esters are prepared by reacting a starch base or a modified starch base containing anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic substituent groups with about 0.1 to 100% by weight of the corresponding alkyl- or alkenyl-sulfosuccinic anhydride. The reaction is carried out at pH 5-9 and at 5.degree.-90.degree. C. for 0.5-20 hours or at pH 9-11 at 5.degree.-30.degree. C. for about 0.5-3 hours. This one-step method may also be used to prepare sulfosuccinate half-esters. The long chain derivatives (e.g. octyl-, octadecyl-, octenyl-, and dodecenyl-sulfosuccinate half-esters) are hydrophobic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spreadable solid adhesive composition comprising(A) from about 10 to about 30% by weight of a copolymer of(a) an acrylamide or substituted acrylamide and(b) an unsaturated mono or dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkali metal salt thereof,said copolymer having an I.V. of about 0.1-3.0,(B) from about 1 to about 10% by weight of a gelling agent selected from the group consisting of (1) dibenzal sorbitol, (2) alkali metal salts of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acids having from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and (3) calcium or magnesium salts of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acids having from 12 to 20 carbon atoms complexed with the tetrasodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and(C) from about 67 to about 89% by weight of water or a mixture of alcohol and water.

Abstract: Novel starch sulfomaleate half-esters are prepared by reacting a starch base or a modified starch containing anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic substituent groups with about 0.1 to 100% by weight of sulfomaleic anhydride or its salts. The reaction is carried out at pH 5-9 and at 5.degree.-90.degree. C. for 0.5-20 hours or at pH 9-11 and at 5.degree.-30.degree. C. for about 0.5-3 hours. The starch sulfomaleates may be reacted with sulfurous acid or its acid salts (e.g. sodium bisulfite) to form the novel starch disulfosuccinate.

Abstract: Starches useful as tablet disintegrants consist essentially of a free-flowing, crosslinked and pregelatinized starch powder having a moisture content of about 12% by weight or less. The starch is characterized by its uniformly swollen, virtually non-birefringent granules, by a swelling value in cold water of above 3 ml. and below 25 ml., and by an acid viscosity breakdown of 400 B.U. or less, all of which are correlated to this disintegration performance. The better starch disintegrants (i.e. the more highly crosslinked) have swelling values of 18 ml. or less and show little or no breakdown (0-150 B.U.). The modified starches may be used in any tabletting method (e.g. direct compression or granulation), typically in amounts of about 10% by weight or less.

Abstract: A bland-tasting starch is prepared by stirring a starch having a distinct cereal or root taste in aqueous slurry form with an acid at about pH 3-5 for at least about 25 minutes, adding an alkaline earth metal oxide to a pH of 5.5 to 8 and stirring, and thereafter filtering the slurry and drying the starch. In a preferred aspect the acid is sulfuric acid, the oxide is calcium or magnesium oxide and the starch is waxy maize. When the starch is dried by drum-drying, a pregelatinized starch is obtained. The resulting starch will not adversely affect the taste of foodstuffs to which it is added.

Abstract: A crosslinking additive for imparting water resistance to starch-based corrugating adhesive compositions is prepared by reacting acetone and formaldehyde under aqueous alkaline conditions at 20.degree.-80.degree. C. in a molar ratio of 1 mole acetone to about 2 to 5.5 moles formaldehyde, adding to the reaction mixture at least an effective amount of dihydroxyethylene urea to scavenge the free formaldehyde in the mixture, and reacting until the amount of unreacted formaldehyde remaining is reduced to about 0.1-2%. The crosslinking additive thus obtained, which is low in free formaldehyde, may be added directly to a starch-based corrugating adhesive or may be first mixed with dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea.

Abstract: Solid copolymer tackifying resins based on dicyclopentadiene, a vinylaromatic hydrocarbon and a benzene carrying 1 to 3 lower alkyl, hydroxyl or halogen substituents and adhesive formulations containing these resins.

Abstract: Resins suitable for adhesives are based on .alpha.-methyl styrene, styrene and phenol in certain percentages, viz. 25 to 63, 35 to 73 and 2 to 15 percent by weight, respectively,Combinations of resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or thermoelastomer and optionally a wax or tackifying oil yield excellent adhesives, in particular hot-melt adhesives.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive, hot melt adhesive is prepared by reacting a normally tacky acrylic-based random copolymer containing from 0.5 to 10% by weight of a chelating comonomer with a chelatable transition metal salt. Preferably the adhesives are oven cured for a short time after application. The chelating comonomer is a beta-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate ester of an ortho-hydroxy aromatic acid such as 2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-benzoyloxy)propyl methacrylate. The metallic salt (e.g. zirconium, ferric, cobalt, or aluminum acetylacetonate) contains a metal ion having a valence greater than 1 and a coordination number greater than 2 and an anion capable of forming a volatile by-product. One or more thermally reversible chelate rings incorporating the metal ion are formed thus crosslinking the polymer chains.

Abstract: Hot melt adhesives especially suited for use in the perfect binding of books are prepared from(1) 15-30% of a block polymer having the general configurationA-B-Awherein A is a non-elastomeric polymer block derived from the moieties of a monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon radical and B is an elastomeric polymer block derived from the moieties of a conjugated diene monomer;(2) 5-10% of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer containing 17 to 42% vinyl acetate; wherein the ratio of the block polymer to the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is within the range of 1.75:1 to 6:1;(3) 25-40% of at least one rosin ester tackifier selected from the group consisting of glycerol and pentaerythritol esters of natural and modified rosins,(4) 25-35% of a wax diluent which is solid at room temperature; and(5) 0.5 to 3% of at least one stabilizer.such composition being characterized by an ability to form a film exhibiting Instron yield strengths of 100-250 psi. and a low temperature flexibility of less than 10.degree. F.

Abstract: The production rate and yield resulting from the washing of starch conversion products containing swollen starch granules is improved by the addition to the wash water of 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on starch solids, of a cationic polymer which is a water-soluble acid salt of an aminoalkyl ester of a carboxylic acid polymer.

Abstract: Aqueous adhesive emulsions based on aqueous emulsion copolymers of vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, with ethylene in the presence of an hydroxy functional protective colloid, are provided with increased gel content which provides superior resistance to cold flow and improved adhesion, by the inclusion in the copolymer of a monoethylenic amide monomer, especially acrylamide.

Abstract: Storage-stable, ice-proof, adhesives characterized by superior rheological and machining properties are prepared from an ammoniacal mixture of starch, a zinc salt of a carboxylated styrene-acrylate resin, peptizer and water.

Abstract: Novel cationic starch-g-poly(N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide-co-amine) copolymers, useful as pigment retention aids for paper, are prepared by reacting a starch base with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and a polyamine or with preformed copolymer. The reactions are carried out at 15.degree. to 80.degree. C. for 0.5 to 20 hours under alkaline conditions using an aqueous slurry or dispersion of a starch base and preferably a salt such as sodium sulfate. The starch base may be derivatized, prior to the graft copolymerization, to introduce ether groups. The polyamines contain at least two amine groups selected from primary and secondary amines; preferably they contain up to 4 amine nitrogens, some of which may be unreactive tertiary amine nitrogens. The starch-g-coplymers are used in amounts of from about 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, based on the dry pulp. The reaction mixture itself may be added directly to the paper stock.

Abstract: A method for preparing an alkaline corrugating adhesive having improved tack involves cooking in a continuous pressure cooker a starch derivative with a total amylose content of at least about 40% by weight and with a minimum D.S. of alkali-labile stabilizing groups of about 0.01, the cooking being conducted at a minimum temperature of about 80.degree. C. to form a gelatinized starch carrier, and incorporating the carrier starch into an alkaline corrugating adhesive, which regenerates the amylose present in the starch. Preferably the total amylose content of the starch derivative is at least 65% and the D.S. is 0.035-0.30.

Abstract: A process of treating sheet materials with an aqueous treating composition is disclosed in which surfactants are incorporated in the composition to permit it to be foamed with gas to provide a foam which is stable in the form of a thin layer long enough to be handled, but which will collapse completely when heated. This is preferably done by employing a mixture of water soluble surfactant to stabilize the foam and water insoluble defoamer to break the foam when heat is applied. This foam is applied to a surface of the sheet material to provide stable foam thereon, and heat is employed to simultaneously cause the foam to collapse and dry the composition.