Abstract: This invention provides cementiferous compositions having improved flow characterisitics which are given by the incorporation of certain hydroxy acrylate copolymers. Typical copolymers are of acrylic or methacrylic acid with a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate and are used preferably in the range 0.01% to 2.5% w/w on the cement in the cementiferous composition. This invention also provides novel additive compositions for use in the cementiferous compositions.

Abstract: Graft copolymers of cellulose derivatives and N,N-diallyl,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chlorides or bromides are prepared using a dry or substantially solvent-free system by impregnating a concentrated aqueous solution of the N,N-diallyl-N,N-dialkyl ammonium halide, water soluble surfactant and catalyst onto the dry cellulose substrate, heating the reaction mass for sufficient time to achieve polymerization and then drying.

Abstract: The metal adhesion and heat and water resistance of conventional neoprene latex adhesives are improved by the addition thereto of a polyfunctional amine and an epoxy resin wherein for every 100 parts by weight of dry neoprene, the epoxy is added in an amount of 10-40 parts and the amine is added in an amount sufficient to provide 50-150% of the stoichiometric amount required to cure the epoxy.

Abstract: Hot melt adhesive compositions are prepared from ethylene copolymers, atactic polypropylene, tackifying resins and optional additives. The adhesives are non-pressure sensitive and are characterized by high cohesive strength, strong tack, and good heat, creep and cold resistance. In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the adhesives are formulated so as to be particularly adaptable for use in the construction of disposable diapers of the multi-line construction variety.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium monomers and monomers copoylmerizable therewith are reacted in the presence of anionic polymers to directly form a dry coacervate by a process which comprises forming a solution comprising the monomer(s), the anionic polymer, solvent(s) and a free-radical initiator and simultaneously polymerizing and drying the solution at a temperature above the boiling point of the solvent.

Abstract: A dry, solid, water-swellable absorbent composition of matter is prepared by blending together (a) a water-insoluble absorbent polymer and (b) from 1 to 75%, by weight of the blend, of an extender material selected from uncrosslinked cellulose derivatives, starch, certain clays and minerals, or mixtures thereof. The composition is characterized by having an absorbency exceeding the sum of the absorbencies, calculated proportionately, of the individual components. In one preferred embodiment, the absorbent polymer is a water-swellable ionic complex of a water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte and a polyvalent metal cation having a valence of at least three.

Abstract: Homo- and copolymers of quaternary ammonium monomers are prepared directly in dry form by a process which comprises forming a solution of the monomer(s), solvent and a free-radical initiator and simultaneously polymerizing the monomers and drying the solution at a temperature above the boiling point of the solvent.

Abstract: Styrene and maleic anhydride monomers are copolymerized in 1,2-dichloroethane employing 3-mercaptopropionic acid or methyl-3-mercaptopropionate chain transfer agents producing an odorless copolymer in the molecular weight range of about 500 to 10,000 which remains soluble in the solvent. The resultant copolymer may be conveniently sulfonated in the 1,2-dichloroethane solvent used for the polymerization thereby producing an odorless sulfonated copolymer.

Abstract: Polystyrene and styrene copolymers are simultaneously crosslinked and sulfonated in a homogeneous reaction mixture by incorporation of from 0.1 to 5 mole percent of specific crosslinking reagents in the polymer sulfonating solution. The crosslinking reagents are selected aryl compounds having at least two --CH.sub.2 X radicals where X is hydroxyl, chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: An improved and novel process for the preparation of an aqueous 3-chloro-2-sulfopropionic acid reagent involves the formation of a reaction mixture by adding acrylic acid to chlorosulfonic acid maintained at about 45.degree. to 130.degree. C., maintaining the mixture at about 60.degree.-130.degree. C. for about 2-6 hours, and adding sufficient water to the resulting anhydrous reagent to decompose the unreacted chlorosulfonic acid and dilute the reagent to a solids content of about 50-95%, preferably 70-90%. The reagent may be vacuum stripped to remove residual hydrochloric acid. Crystalline 3-chloro-2-sulfopropionic acid may be isolated from the aqueous reagent at a solids content above 80% and below 95%, preferably at 85%.

Abstract: Improved base coatings for use on paper substrates to be vacuum metallized consist essentially of an organic solvent solution (e.g. ethyl acetate or ethyl acetate/toluene) containing about 10-30 wt. % of a film-forming coating mixture of (a) about 90-98 wt. % of a vinyl acetate/acrylic acid copolymer (97.5-99/1-2.5%) or a vinyl acetate/monoethyl maleate copolymer (94-97/3-6%) and (b) about 2-10 wt. % of a soluble nitrocellulose resin solids, the resin being soluble in the solvent and having a nitrogen content of about 12 wt. % and a viscosity of from about 4-5 sec. in a 25% solution to about 3-4 sec. in a 20% solution of ethyl alcohol/toluene/ethyl acetate (25/55/20), when measured using the Falling Ball method.Paper products coated with the base coating (about 2-6 lbs./3000 ft..sup.2) are characterized by a balanced combination of alkali removability, water-resistance, and block-resistance. The metallized products are smooth and glossy, and the aluminized product is especially useful for bottle labels.

Abstract: A thickener is prepared comprising water and a waxy starch from a selected plant of a wxsu2 genotype, the sol of which starch exhibits superior resistance to breakdown on storage at low temperatures. The starch may optionally be modified. The thickener, which preferably employs a starch extracted from maize, is particularly useful for food applications.

Abstract: A corrugating adhesive composition which exhibits superior tack performance is obtained by replacing, on a solids basis, from 5 to 100%, by weight, of the gelatinized starch carrier of a typical known starch-corrugating adhesive with a polymer containing at least 10%, by weight, of carboxyl groups derived from a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acid or a mixture of these polymers.

Abstract: Warp sizing compositions and starches useful therefor are prepared from high amylose starches which are converted to a water fluidity viscosity within the range of 65 to 80 and then reacted with an etherification reagent to achieve a nitrogen content of 0.5 to 0.9% (dry basis).

Abstract: Conventional hot melt adhesive formulations based on A-B-A type block copolymers are improved with respect to their heat and plasticizer resistance by addition thereto of a polymeric fatty acid polyamide.

Abstract: Hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives are formulated using as a base resin a mixture of a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer together with a specific selectively hydrogenated block copolymer within critically defined ratios. The resultant adhesives as well as the tapes coated therewith are characterized by a unique combination of adhesion and heat and oxidative resistance properties.

Abstract: Resins suitable for adhesives are based on .alpha.-methyl styrene, styrene and phenol in certain percentages, viz. 25 to 63, 35 to 73 and 2 to 15 percent by weight, respectively.Combinations of resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, atactic polypropylene, ethyl acrylate copolymer or a thermoelastomer and optionally a wax or tackifying oil yield excellent adhesives, in particular hot-melt adhesives.

Abstract: Novel polyimides, optionally end-capped with polymerizable or inert groups, and the polyamic acid or ester intermediates thereof are prepared by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid compound (e.g. pyromellitic dianhydride or 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or its methyl diester) with diamines having the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur, X and/or Y are carbonyl or carbinol groups, the amine groups may be in the 2-, 3-, and/or 4-position, and isomerism is present when X and/or Y is a carbinol group. The polyimides may be end-capped by reaction, during or after their formation, with polymerizable groups such as 3-aminophenyl acetylene or 3,6-endomethylene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. The diamines are novel classes of amines when Z is sulfur and when Z is oxygen and X, Y, or X and Y are carbinol groups.

Abstract: Novel stable anaerobic compositions are prepared which contain, as a novel reactive thickener, a polymerizable polymeric adduct having pendant double bonds which is dissolved in a polymerizable monomeric diluent. The anaerobic compositions show improved performance properties. The thickener is prepared by reacting an anhydride-containing polymer with an excess of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate (e.g. hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl methacrylate), optionally in the presence of (meth)acrylate monomers which are not reactive with the anhydride groups of the polymer and which act as an additional diluent. The polymer may be prepared by conventional free radical polymerization techniques using maleic, citraconic, and/or itaconic anhydride and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g. C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl acrylates or methacrylates or styrene).

Abstract: A crosslinking additive for imparting water resistance to starch-based corrugating adhesive compositions is prepared by reacting acetone and formaldehyde under aqueous alkaline conditions at 20.degree.-80.degree. C. in a molar ratio of 1 mole acetone to about 2 to 5.5 moles formaldehyde, adding to the reaction mixture at least an effective amount of dihydroxyethylene urea to scavenge the free formaldehyde in the mixture, and reacting until the amount of unreacted formaldehyde remaining is reduced to about 0.1-2%. The crosslinking additive thus obtained, which is low in free formaldehyde, may be added directly to a starch-based corrugating adhesive or may be first mixed with dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea.