Abstract: A double cladding fiber and an optical fiber amplifier, which have a function equivalent to that of a pumping light cut filter with a simple structure are provided. In the double cladding fiber, a core transmitting a signal light is covered with a first clad having a refractive index of n7b. A second clad having a refractive index of n7c, covers the surrounding surface of the first clad. At an output end of the fiber, a designated length of the second clad is removed and a substance having a refractive index of “n” (“n”>n7b) is coated on the first clad where the second clad has been removed. With this structure, a remaining pumping light leaks to this coated part. That is, and the substance coated part works as a filter for the remaining pumping light. As a result, a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the amplified signal light is improved with a simple structure.

Abstract: In a printed wiring board, slotted portions are provided in a grounding layer so as to be positioned under communication lines print-wired on a printed wiring board. Capacitors are provided between the slotted portions and external connecting terminals. Two units of oppositely directed magnetic flux of an equal level occur for the slotted portions by common mode currents flowing in the communication lines. These two units of magnetic flux offset each other to lower a common mode noise level.

Abstract: A simple method for preventing oxidization of an aluminum surface of terminal electrode, increase of pressure contact resistance, unstability and reduction of connection reliability is provided. In a terminal electrode part on a reactive matrix substrate, for being connected to an external drive circuit, connecting electrodes are formed by using aluminum or an aluminum alloy, at least their surfaces connected to TCP are covered with an insulating film of aluminum oxide or consisting of a laminate film of aluminum oxide aluminum hydroxide, and the insulating film is selectively removed in a step subsequent to the final step in a cell formation process. In this way, adverse effects of the heat treatment processes such as the annealing in the array formation process and the orientation film sintering of the cell formation process and the oxidization of the connecting electrode surface in the washing.

Abstract: A switchboard system includes an input/output section, first and second switches each for acting an active side switch or a standby side switch, a signal processing section for processing received cells, and a control section. The control section switches active side ascending cell routes from the then active side switch to the then standby side switch, transmits a plurality of specified cells through the active side switch to the signal processing section, and receives the specified cells through the active side switch, and switches active side descending cell routes from the then active side switch to the then standby side switch.

Abstract: In a digital signal multiplexing device of a digital signal multiplexing and demultiplexing system, two multiplexers (21) respectively multiplex first and second programs of first to N-th MPEG2 compression encoded digital video signals into first and second transport signal sequences in accordance with an MPEG2 transport signal scheme, where N represents an integer which is two or greater. In accordance with a time division multiplexing scheme other than the MPEG2 transport stream scheme, a single multiplexer (23) further multiplexes the first and the second sequences into a multiplexed digital signal comprising a succession of payloads in which the first to the N-th digital video signals are time division multiplexed. The system is useful in a wholly digital broadcast service for more than a score of satellite broadcast channels.

Abstract: To provide system to easily and quickly integrate and display information required by a user in accordance with the user's setup.

Abstract: To provide an information processor which, in case a component in which a moving picture is displayed is overlapped by another window, can apply display effect only to a region on which the moving picture is actually displayed.

Abstract: A probe 19 illuminates and enlargingly images the coupling end face of the optical connector 1a. An attachment 2 disposes the coupling end face of the optical connector 1a on the optical axis of the probe 19 and causes the coupling end face of the optical connector to be focused in a position inside the probe. A monitor unit 20 monitors the image of the state of the coupling end face of the optical connector 1a obtained by enlarging imaging by the probe 19.

Abstract: In order to provide an AC type plasma display panel having improved luminous efficiency, small power consumption and high luminance, sustaining electrodes (14a, 14b) of the AC type plasma display panel take in the form of mesh electrodes each having a plurality of openings (13). Each opening (13) is a strip-shaped opening having a size included in a rectangular area having one of sides thereof smaller than 30 &mgr;m or having a width smaller than 30 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A teleconferencing system has a speaker direction detection means, which detects the direction of a speaker from the phase difference of voice inputs to a plurality of microphones, and an imaging control means, which directs a camera in the detected direction. A movement pixel detection means detects a moving part of the image captured by the camera, using a frame differencing, the distribution of which is measured by a movement distribution measurement means, and the position of person is detected by a speaker position establishing means.

Abstract: A mobile unit communication system, includes a mobile unit; and a base station. The mobile unit includes: a terminal transmit unit transmitting an upward data to the base station; a terminal receive unit receiving a downward data from the base station; and an upward data amount calculating unit calculating an upward data amount of the upward data. The base station includes: a base station receive unit receiving the upward data; a base station transmit unit transmitting the downward data to the mobile unit; and a detecting unit detecting the upward data amount. The base station allocates upward additional channels of the numbers corresponding to the upward data amount detected by the detecting unit in addition to a base channel to the mobile unit.

Abstract: A cleaning liquid for cleaning a substrate having, on its surface, a plurality of exposed insulating films comprising silicon dioxide containing impurities in different concentrations, which comprises an organic alkaline amine compound and hydrogen peroxide. After cleaning with such a cleaning liquid, no step is formed between the insulating films containing impurities in different concentrations.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, an interlevel insulating film formed between a Cu interconnection, formed by damascene, and an upper metal interconnection layer on it has a multilayered structure made up of a Cu diffusion preventive insulating layer and another insulating film. The Cu diffusion preventive insulating layer has a multilayered structure made up of not less than two layers. A method for manufacturing the semiconductor device is also disclosed.

Abstract: In this pattern inspection device, the optical scanning section scans the inspected pattern using the laser beam, the photoelectric image processing section generates the image of the inspected pattern, and the reference image generation section determines the edge boundary condition by convolution operation of the optical point spread function corresponding to the laser beam strength and the inspected pattern image and detects the edge position. The reference image generation section further calculates the gray level of each pixel according to the number of sub-pixels belonging to the pattern developed in each pixel and calculates the pattern width for the inspected pattern and the reference data with treating the count obtained by dividing the gray level by the gray level step count as the width of the pattern developed in that pixel.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a first wiring layer formed in a first direction, a second wiring layer formed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a third wiring layer formed in the second direction to sandwich the first wiring layer between the third wiring layer and the second wiring layer. The second and third wiring layers are shifted from each other by a predetermined distance in the first direction. An automatic layout method for a semiconductor integrated circuit, and a recording medium are also disclosed.

Abstract: A USB device controller is applied to a peripheral device that performs data communications with a host by using a transmission endpoint and a reception endpoint via a USB interface. Herein, a USB endpoint controller performs data transmission and data reception by using the reduced number of memories, which contribute to downsizing of the circuit scale of the USB device controller. The USB endpoint controller contains a transmission control block, a reception control block and a buffer switch control block as well as the memories. The buffer switch control block controls allocation of the memories to a transmission endpoint and a reception endpoint respectively in response to a type of a token issued from the host. In response to an OUT token, the data transmission is performed on the transmission endpoint that actualizes a double buffer configuration while the reception endpoint is also available in data reception by a single buffer configuration.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to secure a satisfactory reception environment efficiently regardless of a degree of the traffic intensity. The object is achieved by the following. A pilot power control unit is provided to a base station radio unit. The pilot power control unit controls a desired wave power-to-interference wave power ratio of a pilot signal to stay at a preset value. More specifically, upon receipt of a multiplex wave from a multiplexing unit, the pilot power control unit computes a desired wave power-to-interference wave power ratio of a pilot signal. Then, the pilot power control unit transmits a command signal to a coder to change a transmission power value of the pilot signal in an amount corresponding to a difference between the computed desired wave power-to-interference wave power ratio and a set desired wave power-to-interference wave power ratio.

Abstract: The present invention prevents a charge-up during a wiring layer etching in a nonvolatile semiconductor storage apparatus having a floating gate and a control gate to which both of positive and negative voltages are applied during a memory cell operation.

Abstract: The spindle motor drive circuit of the present invention comprises: a power source voltage varying device for varying a voltage applied to a motor by controlling a power source voltage; and a pulse width varying device for varying a pulse width by pulse width modulation.

Abstract: Each of duplicated incoming line cards, connected to respective input ports of a self-routing switch, receives an incoming packet, determines an output port of the switch based on an address contained in the packet using routing information stored in a routing table, converts the packet into intra-node cells of fixed length and forwards the cells to the switch so that the cells are routed to the output port. Each of duplicated outgoing line cards, connected to output ports of the switch, receives intra-node cells from the switch, converts the cells into a packet, forwards the packet to an outgoing transmission line, and monitors the outgoing transmission line. A fault indication is sent to the incoming line cards if a fault condition is detected in the monitored line. Each incoming line card responds to this indication for updating its table so that traffic is routed to a normally operating outgoing line.