Abstract: A sensor element includes: an element body including an oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte layer; and a protective layer that covers at least part of the element body and is a porous body having a plurality of pores thereinside. The standard deviation of the porosity of the protective layer is 2.3% or less.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes: a sensor element including an element body which is internally provided with a measurement-object gas flow portion that introduces a measurement-object gas and causes the measurement-object gas to flow, a measurement pump cell having an inner measurement electrode disposed in a measurement chamber and an adjustment pump cell that adjusts an oxygen concentration in an oxygen concentration adjustment chamber, a necessity determiner that performs a refresh necessity determination process of determining necessity of a refresh of the sensor element based on at least one of undershoot or overshoot at a time of rapid change in a measurement pump current; and a refresh controller that, upon a determination that the refresh is necessary in the refresh necessity determination process, performs a refresh process including at least one of an adjustment pump control process during refresh or a measurement pump control process during refresh.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a Si—SiC-based composite structure capable of improving the manufacturing efficiency of the Si—SiC-based composite structure. The method of manufacturing a Si—SiC-based composite structure includes a step of impregnating a molten metal containing Si into a molded body containing SiC by heating a supply body containing Si under a state in which the supply body is in contact with the molded body, wherein a contact portion of the supply body with the molded body is a part of a surface of the supply body facing the molded body.

Abstract: There is provided a ceramic susceptor where a conduction failure due to defective connection of inner electrodes is unlikely to occur. The ceramic susceptor includes a ceramic susceptor main body including a first surface for a wafer to be placed thereon, and a second surface opposite the first surface; an inner electrode that is embedded in the ceramic susceptor main body; and a terminal having one end connected to the inner electrode and another end reaching the second surface of the ceramic susceptor main body. The inner electrode includes a horizontal portion provided in parallel with the first surface, and a non-horizontal portion extending from the horizontal portion toward the first surface or the second surface. The horizontal portion and the non-horizontal portion are integrally formed by bending one electrode such that a bent portion that forms a boundary between the horizontal portion and the non-horizontal portion is present.

Abstract: A wafer placement table includes: a ceramic substrate that has a wafer placement surface at an upper surface of the ceramic substrate; an electrode that is incorporated in the ceramic substrate; and an electrically conductive electrode extraction portion that is incorporated in the ceramic substrate and is electrically connected to the electrode. A volume content percentage of a ceramic material that is identical to a main component of the ceramic substrate is high in the electrode extraction portion compared with the electrode.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes: a flow path through which air can flow; an air conditioning device provided in the flow path and configured to execute an adsorption mode in which at least one adsorption target substance is adsorbed and a regeneration mode in which the adsorption target substance is desorbed, the air conditioning device including a substrate portion heatable by application of voltage, and an adsorption portion containing an adsorbent configured to adsorb and desorb the adsorption target substance; and a control unit configured to control a flow rate of the air flowing through the flow path and the air conditioning device. The control unit controls a ratio of a flow rate [L/min] of the air to an average power [W] supplied to the air conditioning device to 0.10 to 1.90 during the regeneration mode of the air conditioning device.

Abstract: An evaporator includes: a cylindrical member through which a heating medium can flow; a heat exchange structure provided on a radially inner side of the cylindrical member; and a jacket member provided on a radially outer side of the cylindrical member with a space so as to define a flow path for a liquid and a vapor thereof, the jacket member having a feed port for a liquid and a discharge port for a vapor.

Abstract: Provided is a battery including a positive electrode; a negative electrode; an electrolytic solution being an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution; and a layered double hydroxide (LDH)-like compound provided so as to be in contact with the electrolytic solution. A metal compound containing at least one metal element constituting the LDH-like compound is dissolved in the electrolytic solution such that erosion of the LDH-like compound by the electrolytic solution is suppressed.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning system includes: a humidity controlling device 2; and a duct 3 having the humidity controlling device 2 provided therein and allowing an air 10 from a vehicle interior or a vehicle exterior of a vehicle to flow therethrough, wherein an end face of the humidity controlling device 2 includes: a flow blocking portion 22 disposed in a band shape around an outer periphery of the end face to block the flow of the air 10; and a flow permitting portion 23 disposed on an inner side of the flow blocking portion 22 to permit the flow of the air 10, and wherein the flow blocking portion 22 has a maximum width W of 10 mm or less, when the end face of the humidity controlling device 2 in the duct 3 is viewed from a downstream side in a flow direction of the air 10.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a honeycomb structure having an outer peripheral wall, a first intermediate wall, a second intermediate wall, a first partition wall, a second partition wall, and a third partition wall. The first intermediate wall and the second intermediate wall each include a portion provided on an inner side of the outer peripheral wall. The first partition wall is provided on an inner side of the first intermediate wall and defines a plurality of cells to form a flow path for a first fluid. The second partition wall is provided between the first intermediate wall and the second intermediate wall and defines a plurality of cells to form a flow path for a second fluid. The third partition wall is provided between the second intermediate wall and the outer peripheral wall and defines a plurality of cells to form a flow path for a third fluid.

Abstract: A thermal spray film forming method is a method for forming an insulating thermal spray film on a surface of a conductive member by supplying at least two powders having different average particle diameters D50 from two or more ports into a plasma flame emitted from a nozzle of a thermal spray gun. When an average particle diameter D50 of the smallest powder A among the at least two powders is a [?m] and an average particle diameter D50 of a largest powder B is b [?m], 1.5?b/a?2.5 is satisfied.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning system includes: a humidity controlling device having an adsorption portion, heating means, a duct having first and second flow paths; a valve; a blower; and a control unit to control the humidity controlling device, the valve and the blower. A control mode of the control unit includes: an adsorption mode in which the blower is activated and air flows into the first flow path without activating the heating means; and a regeneration mode in which the blower and the heating means are activated and air flows into the second flow path. The control unit executes the regeneration mode when the following conditions (1) and (2) are satisfied: (1) an external power source is connected to the vehicle; and (2) radio waves from an electronic key carried by a user are received or there is at least one occupant in the vehicle interior.

Abstract: A control method of a gas sensor including a sensor element and an activity determining part includes a temperature raising step of heating the sensor element by a heater of the sensor element to raise a temperature of the sensor element up to an active temperature at which the activity determining part determines that the sensor element is in a measurable active state; a prior driving step of raising the temperature of the sensor element by the heater from the active temperature up to a steady driving temperature, and operating a main pump cell and a measurement pump cell of the sensor element to detect NOx in the measurement-object gas; and a steady driving step of maintaining the temperature of the sensor element by the heater at the steady driving temperature, and operating the main pump cell and the measurement pump cell to continuously detect NOx in the measurement-object gas.

Abstract: A wafer placement table includes a ceramic base, a cooling base, and a bonding layer. The ceramic base includes an outer peripheral part having an annular focus ring placement surface on an outer peripheral side of a central part having a circular wafer placement surface. The cooling base contains metal. The bonding layer bonds the ceramic base with the cooling base. The outer peripheral part of the ceramic base has a thickness of less than or equal to 1 mm and does not incorporate an electrode.

Abstract: A wafer placement table includes: a ceramic plate having a wafer placement surface, a cooling plate having a refrigerant flow path and being provided on a lower surface-side of the ceramic plate; a first ceramic plate penetration section that reaches the wafer placement surface; a second ceramic plate penetration section that reaches the wafer placement surface; a first gas passage that communicates with the first ceramic plate penetration section; and a second gas passage that communicates with the second ceramic plate penetration section. The first gas passage has a first gas intermediate passage, the second gas passage has a second gas intermediate passage, the second gas intermediate passage is provided above the first gas intermediate passage, and the refrigerant flow path has a first flow path section provided above the first gas intermediate passage, and a second flow path section provided below the second gas intermediate passage.

Abstract: Provided is a photonic crystal element, which shows small delay of an electric signal, shows a small propagation loss, and has uniform characteristics over its entirety. The photonic crystal element includes a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab having holes periodically formed in a substrate made of a ceramics material, the photonic crystal element being configured to guide an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 30 GHz or more and 20 THz or less.

Abstract: A possibility is suppressed that a gripping position of a gripping member is moved by an external impact and a gripping force is reduced. In a gas sensor according to one aspect of the present invention, a gripping member that grips a portion covered with a tube in an outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical body such that the tube protrudes to a side opposite to an open end of the cylindrical body grips an outer peripheral surface covered with the tube of a caulked portion closest to the open end among one or more caulked portions formed in the cylindrical body.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning system includes: an air conditioning duct through which air can flow; an evaporator disposed in the air conditioning duct; and a humidity control device disposed on an upstream side of the evaporator in the air conditioning duct. The humidity control device includes: a honeycomb structure having an outer peripheral wall and partition walls disposed on an inner side of the outer peripheral wall, the partition walls defining a plurality of cells, each of the cells extending from a first end face to a second end face to form a flow path, at least the partition walls being made of a material having a PTC property; and a dehumidifying layer formed on a surface of each of the partition walls.

Abstract: Provided is a gas sensor that prevents risks such as deterioration of airtightness of the interior of an outer tube, rupture of an elastic body, and occurrence of the displacement of a contact point without swaging a rear end side of the outer tube to have a tapered shape. In the gas sensor according to one aspect of the present invention, a diameter of a reduced diameter portion formed on a rear end side of a tubular body and swaging the elastic body is constant in the axial direction, and a value of a comprehensive parameter which is an index for evaluating the deformation of the elastic body is 0.038 or more and 0.171 or less.

Abstract: A wafer placement table includes a conductor unit. In the wafer placement table, a sub-RF electrode (first conductive layer) and a jumper layer (second conductive layer) are embedded at different levels in a ceramic substrate having a wafer placement surface, and the conductor unit establishes electrical continuity between the sub-RF electrode and the jumper layer. The conductor unit is a transversely placed coil or a transversely placed perforated cylindrical body.