Abstract: An encoder includes: a correction unit configured to execute gradation correction on RAW image data from an image capture element having optical black on the basis of a gamma coefficient and an optical black value of the optical black; and an encoding unit configured to encode gradation correction RAW image data that has undergone gradation correction by the correction unit.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system has, in order from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens group having negative refractive power; an aperture stop; a third lens group having positive refractive power; and a rear lens group. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, at least the rear lens group is moved toward the object side, and distances between the lens groups are varied. Upon focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object, the third lens group is moved along the optical axis. At least a portion of the rear lens group constitutes a vibration reduction lens group having negative refractive power and moveable perpendicular to the optical axis. An optical apparatus and a method of manufacture are also provided.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having positive refractive power; upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: A portable information device includes: an image sensor used to pick up an image of a subject; a locator configured to acquire position information about an image pickup position for the subject; an orientation sensor configured to acquire an orientation information corresponding to an imaging direction at the image pickup position; a display configured to, while the subject is being imaged via the image sensor, display (a) an imaging data of the subject obtained via the image sensor and (b) related information on the subject obtained based on acquired data from the locator and from the orientation sensor; an input portion with which a user posts comment, while the subject is being imaged via the image sensor; and a controller configured to, while the subject is being imaged via the image sensor, control the display to display the posted comment and the related information.

Abstract: This shaping apparatus is equipped with: a movement system which moves a target surface; a measurement system for acquiring position information of the target surface in a state movable by the movement system, a beam shaping system that has a beam irradiation section and a material processing section which supplies a shaping material irradiated by a beam from beam irradiation section; and a controller. On the basis of 3D data of a three-dimensional shaped object to be formed on a target surface and position information of the target surface acquired using the measurement system, the controller controls the movement system and the beam shaping system such that a target portion on the target surface is shaped by supplying the shaping material while moving the target surface and the beam from beam irradiation section relative to each other.

Abstract: A setting method for setting at least a part of a region in which a structure of a specimen exists as a target region, for an evaluation of an internal structure of the specimen includes setting an arbitrary position from the region in which the structure of the specimen exists, and setting the target region based on the set position.

Abstract: An imaging unit comprising an imaging chip and a mounting substrate that has the imaging chip mounted thereon and includes a first metal layer for outputting a signal generated by the imaging chip to the outside. An imaging apparatus comprises an imaging unit that includes an imaging chip and a mounting substrate that has the imaging chip mounted thereon and includes a first metal layer for outputting a signal generated by the imaging chip to the outside.

Abstract: A detection device includes: a first detector which irradiates light onto the target object and detects light emitted from the target object; a first shape information generator which generates first shape information representing a first shape of the target object on the basis of a detection result of the first detector; and a second shape information generator which adds a second shape, which is based on information different from the detection result of the first detector, to the first shape, and which generates second shape information representing a shape including the first shape and the second shape.

Abstract: An image sensor, includes: a first pixel and a second pixel, in a first direction, each including a first photoelectric conversion unit and a light-shielding unit and outputting a signal; a third pixel and a fourth pixel, in the first direction, each including a second photoelectric conversion unit and outputting a signal; a first signal line and a second signal line, in the first direction, each of which can be connected to the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel and the fourth pixel; and a control unit that performs a first control in which a signal of the first pixel is output to the first signal line and a signal of the second pixel is output to the second signal line, and a second control in which a signal of the third pixel and a signal of the fourth pixel are output to the first signal line.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes: an exposure illumination optical system illuminating a spatial light modulator which has a plurality of spatial light modulation elements having a reflecting surface disposed on a disposition plane; a projection optical system projecting light from the spatial light modulator to an exposed substrate; a first detection unit detecting light from the reflecting surface; a second detection unit which is a detection unit detecting light from the reflecting surface and has a detection field of view larger than that of the first detection unit; and a position changing mechanism changing a positional relationship among the first detection unit, the second detection unit, and the spatial light modulator to either a first positional relationship in which the spatial light modulator faces the first detection unit and a second positional relationship in which the spatial light modulator faces the second detection unit.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus that scans and exposes a substrate via an optical modulator in which a plurality of elements are controlled according to an image pattern, the exposure apparatus includes a first stage that supports a first substrate, a second stage that supports a second substrate different from the first substrate, a measurement part that measures information about the second substrate, and a generation part that generates control data, which controls the plurality of elements during scanning and exposing the second substrate, based on the information during an exposure process of the first substrate, wherein the measurement part measures the information about the second substrate during the exposure process of the first substrate.

Abstract: An imaging element comprising: an imaging unit that has: a plurality of groups each including at least one pixel; and a plurality of signal readout units that are each provided to each of the groups and read out a signal from the pixel; and a control unit that controls the signal readout unit in at least one group among the plurality of groups is provided. Each of the plurality of groups may include a plurality of the pixels. The control unit may select at least one group among the plurality of groups and control the signal readout unit by using a control parameter that is different from a control parameter that is used for another group among the plurality of groups.

Abstract: A video compression apparatus is configured to compress a plurality of frames outputted from an imaging element having a plurality of imaging regions in which a subject is captured and that can set imaging conditions for each of the imaging regions, the video compression apparatus comprising: an acquisition unit configured to acquire data outputted from a first imaging region in which a first frame rate is set and data outputted from a second imaging region in which a second frame rate is set; a generation unit configured to generate a plurality of first frames on the basis of the data outputted from the first imaging region acquired and generate a plurality of second frames on the basis of the data outputted from the second imaging region; and a compression unit configured to compress the plurality of first frames generated and compress the plurality of second frames.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a communication unit that performs communication with an external device; and a control unit that issues a command to the external device via the communication unit, on the basis of at least one of capacity of the external device, and capacity of the electronic device.

Abstract: A microscope includes light-transmitting-optical-system that irradiates specimen with illumination-light, light-receiving-optical-system that receives signal-light emitted from the specimen, phase-modulation-element that adds predetermined phase distribution to the illumination-light or the signal-light, phase-distribution-measuring-unit that measures first phase distribution, which corresponds to specimen-induced aberration at sampling point of the specimen, at each of a plurality of the sampling points, phase-distribution-calculation-unit that creates phase-data-model showing an amount of phase change which the illumination-light or the signal-light receives when the illumination-light or the signal-light passes through predetermined position in the specimen based on the plurality of first phase distributions, and calculates a second phase distribution which is added to the illumination-light or the signal-light in order to detect detection point of the specimen in a state in which specimen-induced aberrati

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a stacked substrate by bonding a first substrate and a second substrate, including a step of determining, based on information about curving of each of the first substrate and the second substrate, whether or not the first substrate and the second substrate satisfy a predetermined condition, and, a step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate if the predetermined condition is satisfied. The stacked substrate manufacturing method described above includes a step of estimating, based on the information, an amount of misalignment which occurs after the first substrate is bonded to the second substrate and the predetermined condition may include that the amount of misalignment is equal to or less than a threshold.

Abstract: A microscope objective lens (OL) comprises a first lens group (G1) having positive refractive power, a second lens group (G2) having a concave surface facing the image side, and a third lens group (G3) having a concave surface facing the object side, which are arranged in order from the object side along an optical axis. The first lens group (G1) comprises one lens component having positive refractive power, the third lens group (G3) comprises three or more lenses including two negative lenses and one positive lens, and at least one predetermined negative lens in the two negative lenses satisfies the conditional expression “?dA<40”.

Abstract: Data is computed in order to visualize the velocity of blood fluid flowing through a blood vessel at a fundus. An image processing method includes a step of performing registration of each frame in a moving image configured by plural frames of an imaged fundus, and a step of computing visualization data enabling visualization of a state of blood fluid flowing through a blood vessel at the fundus based on a pixel value in each of the registered frames.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a first and a second pixel, each of which includes a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts light that has passed through a micro lens and generates a first charge, a second photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts light that has passed through the micro lens and generates a second charge, an accumulation unit that accumulates at least one of the first charge and the second charge, a first transfer unit that transfers the first charge to the accumulation unit, and a second transfer unit that transfers the second charge to the accumulation unit; and a control unit that outputs, to the first transfer unit of the first pixel and to the second transfer unit of the second pixel, a signal that causes the first charge of the first pixel and the second charge of the second pixel to be transferred to their accumulation units.

Abstract: An image display device includes: an input unit into which image signals are inputted, the image signals being outputted from image capturing pixels disposed in correspondence to image capturing micro-lenses, each of the image capturing pixels receiving light that has passed through a corresponding one of the image capturing micro-lenses; display micro-lenses; display pixels that emit light for forming a three-dimensional image to each of the display micro-lenses, the display pixels being disposed in correspondence to the display micro-lenses; and a generator that generates display image data that includes three-dimensional information, based upon the image signals inputted into the input unit. The generator allocates the image signals outputted from the image capturing pixels to the display pixels arranged at symmetrical positions in a predetermined direction, using a pseudo-optical axis of each of the display micro-lenses as a reference.