Abstract: An ethylene copolymer composition comprises: a first ethylene copolymer having a density of from 0.855 to 0.913 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 1.7 to 2.3, and a melt index, I2 of from 0.1 to 20 g/10 min; a second ethylene copolymer having a density of from 0.875 to 0.936 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 2.3 to 6.0, and a melt index, I2 of from 0.3 to 100 g/10 min; and optionally a third ethylene copolymer; where the first ethylene copolymer has more short chain branches per thousand carbon atoms than the second ethylene copolymer and the density of the second ethylene copolymer is equal to or higher than the density of the first ethylene copolymer. The ethylene copolymer composition has a density of from 0.865 to 0.913 g/cm3; a melt index, I2 of from 0.5 to 10 g/10 min; and a fraction eluting at from 90 to 105° C., having an integrated area of greater than 4 weight percent in a CTREF analysis; and at least 0.0015 parts per million (ppm) of hafnium.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes bottle closure assemblies which are made at least in part with a polyethylene composition having good processability, good organoleptic properties and good dimensional stability. The bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining means portion. The retaining means portions engages a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle. The elongated tether portion connects at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion so as to prevent loss of the cap portion from a bottle.

Abstract: If a cracked gas heat exchanger becomes damaged water may enter the transfer line causing it to rupture. This may be avoided using a heat exchanger having heat pipes to conduct heat from the cracked gas to a cooling device, typically a water cooler to generate steam. The latter (cooling device) is physical separated from the hot cracked gas stream. The heat pipes may be modified at the hot or cold end with fins, ribs, protuberances, pins and the like.

Abstract: A substrate steel of the comprising from 0.01 to 0.60 wt. % of La, from 0.0 to 0.65 wt. % of Ce; from 0.06 to 1.8 wt. % of Nb up to 2.5 wt. % of one or more trace elements and carbon and silicon may be treated in an oxidizing atmosphere to product a coke resistant surface coating of MnCr2O4 having a thickness up to 5 microns.

Abstract: A continuous solution polymerization process is disclosed wherein at least two homogeneous catalyst formulations are employed. A first homogeneous catalyst formulation is employed in a first reactor to produce a first ethylene interpolymer and a second homogeneous catalyst formulation is employed in a second reactor to produce a second ethylene interpolymer. Optionally a third ethylene interpolymer is formed in a third reactor. The resulting ethylene interpolymer products possess desirable properties in a variety of end use applications, for example in film applications. A means for increasing the molecular weight of the first ethylene interpolymer is disclosed and/or a means for increasing the temperature of the first reactor, relative to the third homogeneous catalyst formulation. A means for reducing the (?-olefin/ethylene) weight ratio in the first reactor is disclosed and/or reducing the density of the first ethylene interpolymer, relative to the third homogeneous catalyst formulation.

Abstract: Mixed metal oxide catalysts having an amorphous content of not less than 40 wt. % are prepared by calcining the catalyst precursor fully or partially enclosed by a porous material having a melting temperature greater than 600° C. in an inert container including heating the catalyst precursor at a rate from 0.5 to 10° C. per minute from room temperature to a temperature from 370° C. to 540° C. under a stream of pre heated gas chosen from steam and inert gas and mixtures thereof at a pressure of greater than or equal to 1 psig having a temperature from 300° C. to 540° C. and holding the catalyst precursor at that temperature for at least 2 hours and cooling the catalyst precursor to room temperature.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer compositions and films prepared therefrom. Specifically: ethylene interpolymer products having: a dimensionless Long Chain Branching Factor, LCBF, greater than or equal to 0.001; a residual catalytic metal of from ?0.03 to ?5 ppm of hafnium, and; a dimensionless unsaturation ratio, UR, of from ??0.40 to ?0.06, wherein UR is defined by the following relationship; UR=(SCU?TU)/TU, where SCU is the amount of a side chain unsaturation per 100 carbons and TU is amount of a terminal unsaturation per 100 carbons, in said ethylene interpolymer product. The disclosed ethylene interpolymer products have a melt index from about 0.3 to about 500 dg/minute, a density from about 0.855 to about 0.975 g/cc, a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) from about 1.7 to about 25 and a Composition Distribution Breadth Index (CDBI50) from about 1% to about 98%.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for the delivery of a multi-component olefin polymerization catalyst to a polymerization reactor.

Abstract: A solution polymerization process uses a reactor system in which a first stage is operated in a non adiabatic (cooled) manner and is connected to a second stage containing a downstream reactor that is operated adiabatically. In an embodiment, the first reactor stage includes at least one loop reactor and the second stage includes a tubular reactor. In an embodiment, the first stage is operated with a single site catalyst and at least one downstream reactor uses a Ziegler Natta catalyst.

Abstract: Rotomolded articles, especially flexible rotomolded articles are made from an ethylene interpolymer product having a melt index, I2 of from 2.5 to 8.0 g/10 min, a density of from 0.905 to 0.920 g/cm3; and a Dilution Index, Yd, greater than 0. The ethylene interpolymer product comprises: (I) a first ethylene interpolymer; (II) a second ethylene interpolymer, and; (III) optionally a third ethylene interpolymer.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer compositions. Specifically, ethylene interpolymer products having: a Dilution Index (Yd) greater than 0; total catalytic metal ?3.0 ppm; ?0.03 terminal vinyl unsaturations per 100 carbon atoms, and; optionally a Dimensionless Modulus (Xd) greater than 0. The disclosed ethylene interpolymer products have a melt index from about 0.3 to about 500 dg/minute, a density from about 0.869 to about 0.975 g/cm3, a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) from about 2 to about 25 and a CDBI50 from about 20% to about 97%. Further, the ethylene interpolymer products are a blend of at least two ethylene interpolymers; where one ethylene interpolymer is produced with a single-site catalyst formulation and at least one ethylene interpolymer is produced with a heterogeneous catalyst formulation.

Abstract: A pass or tube or a section thereof or “U” bend in a coil in a paraffin cracker having section having a pore size in the metal substrate from about 0.001 to 0.5 microns over coated with a dense metal membrane permits the permeation of one or more of H2, CH4, CO and CO2 from cracked gases moving the reaction equilibrium to the production of ethylene and reduces the load on the down-stream separation train of the steam cracker.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts for converting lower paraffins to alkenes such as ethane to ethylene when prepared as an agglomeration, for example extruded with supports comprising slurries of Nb2O5.

Abstract: A method that includes (a) providing a stream containing ethane and oxygen to an ODH reactor; (b) converting a portion of the ethane to ethylene and acetic acid in the ODH reactor to provide a stream containing ethane, ethylene, acetic acid, oxygen and carbon monoxide; (c) separating a portion of the acetic acid from the stream to provide an acetic acid stream and a stream containing ethane, ethylene, oxygen and carbon monoxide; (d) providing the stream to a CO Oxidation Reactor containing a catalyst that includes a group 11 metal to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and reacting acetylene to produce a stream containing ethane, ethylene and carbon dioxide; and (e) providing a portion of the stream and a portion of the acetic acid stream to a third reactor containing a catalyst that includes a metal selected from group 10 and group 11 metals to produce vinyl acetate.

Abstract: An ethylene copolymer composition comprises: a first ethylene copolymer having a density of from 0.855 to 0.913 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 1.7 to 2.3, and a melt index, 12 of from 0.1 to 20 g/10 min; a second ethylene copolymer having a density of from 0.875 to 0.936 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 2.3 to 6.0, and a melt index, 12 of from 0.3 to 100 g/10 min; and optionally a third ethylene copolymer; where the first ethylene copolymer has more short chain branches per thousand carbon atoms than the second ethylene copolymer and the density of the second ethylene copolymer is equal to or higher than the density of the first ethylene copolymer. The ethylene copolymer composition has a density of from 0.865 to 0.913 g/cm3; a melt index, 12 of from 0.5 to 10 g/10 min; and a fraction eluting at from 90 to 105° C., having an integrated area of greater than 4 weight percent in a CTREF analysis; and at least 0.0015 parts per million (ppm) of hafnium.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer product having intermediate branching. Intermediate branching was defined as branching that was longer than the branch length due to comonomer and shorter than the entanglement molecular weight (Me). Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were produced in a continuous solution polymerization process employing an intermediate branching catalyst formulation. Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were characterized by a Non-Comonomer Index Distribution (NCIDi), a melt index from 0.3 to 500 dg/minute, a density from 0.858 to 0.965 g/cm3, a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) from about 2 to about 25 and a CDBI50 from about 10% to about 98%. A method based on triple detection cross fractionation chromatography (3D-CFC) was disclosed to measure NCIDi.

Abstract: In chemical processes for cracking hydrocarbons, reactors are subject to coking. This results in carburization of the metal substrate for the reactor leading to a reduced reactor life. If the reactor is subject to a decoke process, followed by a steam scour and nitriding there is a reduced tendency to carburization of the metal substrate improving the reactor life.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transfer line exchanger which is optimized for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs. The transfer line exchanger is designed by computer modeling a transfer line exchanger in which the cross section of flow path is substantially circular and modeling the operation of the transfer line under industrial conditions to validate the model design and its operation. Then iteratively the model design is deformed and the operation of the deformed part is modeled and compared to values obtained with other deformed models until the value of the objective function is optimized (e.g. at an extreme) or the change in the objective function is approaching zero.

Abstract: Bimodal polyethylene compositions for use in hot-fill closures and processes.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer product having intermediate branching. Intermediate branching was defined as branching that was longer than the branch length due to comonomer and shorter than the entanglement molecular weight (Me). Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were produced in a continuous solution polymerization process employing an intermediate branching catalyst formulation. Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were characterized by a Non-Comonomer Index Distribution (NCIDi), a melt index from 0.3 to 500 dg/minute, a density from 0.858 to 0.965 g/cm3, a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) from about 2 to about 25 and a CDBI50 from about 10% to about 98%. A method based on triple detection cross fractionation chromatography (3D-CFC) was disclosed to measure NCIDi.