Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plate having a plurality of interconnected particles, e.g., fibers, having electron-emissive surfaces. The particles may include a neutron-sensitive and/or neutron reactive material, such as 6Li, 10B, 155Gd, 157Gd, —and/or hydrogenous compounds, in excess of their natural abundance. The particles may include an X-ray sensitive and/or X-ray reactive material, such as Pb.

Abstract: A multi-channel integrated circuit is provided in which each channel has an analog section and a digital section. Each channel of the readout chip employs low noise charge sensitive amplifier at its input followed by other circuitry such as shaper, pole-zero, peak hold, different comparators, buffers and digital control and readout. Each channel produces a self-trigger and a fast timing output. Channel-to-channel time differences are also recorded. Integrated circuit also provides a large dynamic range to facilitate large range of applications. The trigger threshold can be adjusted to provide energy discrimination. The chip has different, externally selectable, operational modes including a sparse readout mode in which only the channels which have received signals greater than a preselected threshold value are read out. The sparse readout mode results in increased data throughput, thus providing fast data acquisition capabilities.

Abstract: Some properties such as dart impact strength, hexane extractables and resin stickiness of a polyethylene copolymer produced in a gas phase polymerization using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst are better controlled by regulating the ratio of aluminum from the co-catalyst to the polymer production rate. This enables one to improve properties such as dart impact strength and reduce hexane extractables by changing the amount of co-catalyst fed into the reactor.

Abstract: An outermost surface covering not less than 55% of stainless steel, said surface having a thickness from 0.1 to 15 microns and being a spinel of the formula MnxCr3-xO4 wherein x is from 0.5 to 2 is not prone to coking and is suitable for hydrocarbyl reactions such as furnace tubes for cracking.

Abstract: A manufacturing method and a thus produced white colored and a specified colored light-emitting devices (LEDs) are disclosed. The white colored LED includes a resonant cavity structure, producing and mixing lights which may mix into a white colored light in the resonant cavity structure, so that the white colored LED may be more accurately controlled in the hue of the generated white colored light, which efficiently reduces deficiency, generates a natural white colored light and aids in luminous efficiency promotion. The specified colored LED is obtained in the similar manner as the white colored LED. In addition to the resonant cavity structure, the light-emitting device also includes a contact layer, an n-type metal electrode and a p-type metal electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the separation of olefins, diolefins and lower aromatics from mixed streams of hydrocarbons using ionic liquids in the absence of metal compounds. The present invention eliminates the metal complexes conventionally used in such separation and thus reduces the complexity of the process.

Abstract: A method and system are presented for measuring in an electrically conductive film of a specific sample including data indicative of a free space response of an RF sensing coil unit to AC voltage applied to the RF sensing coil. The sensing coil is located proximate to the sample at a distance h substantially not exceeding 0.2 r wherein r is the coil radius; an AC voltage in a range from 100 MHz to a few GHz is applied to the sensing coil to cause generation of an eddy current passage through the conductive film; a response of the sensing coil to an effect of the electric current through the conductive film onto a magnetic field of the coil is detected and the measured data indicative of the response is generated. The thickness of the film is determined by utilizing the data indicative of the free space measurements to analyze the measured date. The method thus provides for measuring in conductive films with a sheet resistance Rs in a range from about 0.009 to about 2 Ohm/m2.

Abstract: In an ion beam line having a mechanism for scanning an ion beam by an electric field or a magnetic field or in an ion beam line having a mechanism for forming a sheet-like or a ribbon-like ion beam, electrons are confined by the use of cusp magnetic fields generated by arranging permanent magnets. In a direction intersecting a beam traveling direction and a beam scanning direction or in a direction intersecting the beam traveling direction and a beam spread direction of the sheet-like or the ribbon-like beam, the electrons are supplied to neutralize electric charges.

Abstract: A process for creating a broadly tunable Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) with a reduced recombination rate. According to the current invention, this may be achieved by creating electron confinement regions and hole confinement regions in the waveguide of the DBR. Preferably, this is achieved by engineering the band gaps of the DBR waveguide and cladding materials. Preferably, the materials selected for use in the DBR may be lattice matched. Alternately, two or more thin electron confinement regions and two or more thin hole confinement regions may be created to take advantage of strain compensation in thinner layers thereby broadening the choices of materials appropriate for use in creating a broadly tunable DBR. Alternately, graded materials and/or graded interfaces may be created according to alternate processes according to the current invention to provide effective electron and/or hole confinement regions in various DBR designs.

Abstract: Novel ethylene styrene interpolymers having atactic ES repeating units and an alternating structure substantially higher than that predicted using Bernoullian statistics may be prepared in the presence of a transition metal phosphinimine compound and an activator.

Abstract: An optical system is presented for use in a measurement system for measuring in patterned structures, which is particularly useful controlling processing of the structure progressing on a production line. The system comprises an illuminator unit producing illuminating light to be directed to the structure to produce returned light, a detector unit comprising an imaging detector and a spectrophotometer detector, and a light directing assembly. The light directing assembly defines first and second optical paths for the light propagation. The optical elements accommodated in the first optical path affect the light to provide a relatively small measuring area of the structure's plane. The second optical path is located outside the first optical path, the light propagation through the second optical path providing a relatively large measuring area, as compared to that of the first optical path.

Abstract: A mass separation filter has a first magnet forming a first magnetic field in an orthogonal direction to a beam axis of an ion beam, a second magnet sequentially arranged with the first magnet along the beam axis, parallel with and facing the opposite direction of the first magnet, and forming a second magnetic field orthogonal to the beam axis; and a collimator wall formed within the first and second magnetic fields that forms a transfer channel from a first curved channel deflected from the first magnetic field to a second curved channel deflected by the second magnetic field in a direction the reverse of the first magnetic field. Incident ions pass through a channel inversely curved by the magnetic fields of the first and second magnets according to the mass separation filter, and it is possible to lead ions of a desired mass in the same direction as the beam axis.

Abstract: A mover device and an ion implanter apparatus having a processing base that reciprocates at a high speed without undesirable noise and vibration are provided. The mover device includes: a fixed base; a movable base that is linearly movable with respect to the fixed base; a processing base that is linearly movable with respect to the movable base; a main linear motor that generates a moving force to move the processing base with respect to the movable base, thereby moving the processing base with respect to the fixed base; and a velocity control unit that controls the moving velocity of the processing base with respect to the fixed base. In this mover device, the movable base is moved by virtue of a reaction force caused by the moving force to move the processing base.

Abstract: An optical measurement method and system are presented for imaging two target structures in two parallel layers, respectively, of a sample, to enable determination of a registration between the two target structures along two mutually perpendicular axes of the layer. The sample is illuminated with incident radiation to produce a radiation response of the sample. The radiation response is collected by an objective lens arrangement, and the collected radiation response is split into two spatially separated radiation components. The split radiation components are directed towards at least one imaging plane along different optical channels characterized by optical paths of different lengths, respectively. The two split radiation components are detected in said at least one imaging plane, and two image parts are thereby acquired, each image part containing images of the two target structures. This enables determination of the relative distance between the two target structures.

Abstract: A method is presented for optical control of the quality of a process of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) performed by a polishing tool applied to an article having a patterned area. The article contains a plurality of stacks each formed by a plurality of different layers, thereby defining a pattern in the form of spaced-apart metal regions. The method is capable of locating at least one of residues, erosion and dishing conditions on the article. At least one predetermined site on the article is selected for control. This at least one predetermined site is illuminated, and spectral characteristics of light components reflected from this location are detected. Data representative of the detected light components is analyzed for determining at least one parameter of the article within the at least one illuminated site.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing substrates according to a predetermined photolithography process includes a loading station in which the substrates are loaded, a coating station in which the substrates are coated with a photoresist material, an exposing station in which the photoresist coating is exposed to light through a mask having a predetermined pattern to produce a latent image of the mask on the photoresist coating, a developing station in which the latent image is developed, an unloading station in which the substrates are unloaded and a monitoring station for monitoring the substrates with respect to predetermined parameters of said photolithography process before reaching the unloading station.

Abstract: An ion beam processing apparatus comprises a beam line vacuum chamber from an ion source to a processing chamber. The apparatus further comprises a beam line structure for transporting ion beam from the ion source through the beam line vacuum chamber to the processing chamber. A mass analysis magnet unit is arranged from the outside in a partial section of the beam line vacuum chamber. An effective magnetic field area of the mass analysis magnet unit is disposed in a partial section of the beam line structure. Continuous cusp field forming magnet apparatuses are arranged at the series of beam line vacuum chamber part of the beam line structure to confine ion beam by forming continuous cusp fields.

Abstract: A two component catalyst activator comprises: 1) a Lewis acidic organoboron (or an orgonoaluminum) component; and 2) a component defined by the formula AOSO2R wherein A is a pseudo cationic group and R is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl. The catalyst activator is used in combination with a transition metal catalyst for the polymerization of olefins. The catalyst activator provides improved catalyst activities. It is especially useful in solution polymerizations because of desirable solubility characteristics in comparison to the borate salts used in prior activators.

Abstract: In an ion implantation apparatus according to the present invention, ions are extracted from an ion source with the aid of extraction electrodes. The ions thus extracted are analyzed in mass by means of a mass analysis magnet apparatus and a mass analysis slit, so that the required ions are implanted in a substrate. Magnets for generating cusp magnetic fields are serially disposed along an ion beam line extending from the front part to the rear part of the mass analysis magnet apparatus.

Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Lobelia plant characterized by a dwarf habit, and strong, short flowering stems of numerous lilac-colored flowers.