Abstract: An improvement to the process for electroplating a conductive metal layer to the surface of a non-conductive material which comprises:(a) contacting said printed wiring board with an aqueous polyelectrolyte homopolymer conditioner solution having a charge density from about 0.2 to about 2.5 milliequivalents (positive charge) per gram of dissolved polymer and having a pH in range from about 3 to about 5, followed by;(b) contacting said printed wiring board with a dispersion of carbon black comprising:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.

Abstract: Etching solutions used to etch, for example, silicon dioxide coated substrates in the manufacture of integrated circuits comprise an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride and a wetting amount of an anionic sulfate ester of alkylphenol polyglycidol ether. Preferred embodiments of the anionic sulfate esters of alkylphenol polyglycidol ethers may be represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group having from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms, x is from about 3 to about 15, M represents H, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or an amine, and y is from 0.2 to about 4. The etching solutions preferably contain hydrogen fluoride in a volume ratio of NH.sub.4 F to HF to from about 3:1 to about 50:1. The novel etching solutions of the present invention have excellent wetting characteristics and retain their wetting properties after extended periods of continuous filtration through sub-micron filters.

Abstract: In a process for the production of cellular products comprising thermoplastic or rubber materials the blowing agents employed have the formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents NHX, NRR' or ORX represents H or a lower alkyl group,R represents a lower alkyl group, andR' represents a lower alkyl group.The novel blowing agents provide high gas yields and have high decomposition temperatures while forming only inert nitrogen gas. They are particularly suitable for the production of cellular products from high temperature thermoplastic materials such as polycarbonates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing methylphosphonic dichloride comprising reacting dimethyl methylphosphonate with a chlorinating agent selected from the group consisting of thionyl chloride and phosgene in the presence of a catalytic amount of an inorganic halide selected from the group consisting of ammonium halide and metallic halides where the metal cation is selected from the metals of Groups IA, IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB and IIIA of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A semiconductor die attach system adapted for attaching a semiconductor die to a substrate is provided. A metallic buffer component is disposed between the substrate and the semiconductor die to withstand stresses created from thermal cycling of the substrate and the die. The metallic buffer component is sealed to the substrate with a layer of solder. The layer of solder is provided to dissipate stresses created by thermal cycling of the substrate and the die. The die is sealed to the buffer with a silver-glass adhesive.

Abstract: Polymer/copper laminates and a method for their manufacture employing smooth, untreated, wrought-copper and characterized by cohesive and adhesive strength in the resulting laminates.

Abstract: An electrostatic method is disclosed for providing multicolor imaging from a single toner bath. The toner bath is a blend of individual toners, each of which contains a color precursor different from the others.

Abstract: Disclosed are selected 4-acyl-2,6-dialkylphenyl adducts of mono- and polysaccharides, which are useful an antioxidants in organic materials (e.g. polyolefins) normally subject to oxidative degradation.

Abstract: A charge director composition dispersed in at least one solvent comprising:A. a salt mixture comprised of 1-10 parts by weight each of:(i) a chromium salt of a C.sub.14-18 alkyl salicylic acid;(ii) a calcium didecyl sulfosuccinate; and(iii) a salt of the didecyl ester of sulfosuccinate acid and at least 50% of the basic nitrogen radicals of a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate and 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine, said copolymer having a vinyl pyridine content of 20-30% by weight and an average molecular weight of 15,000-250,000; andB. a salt-free copolymer of (i) laurylmethacrylate and (ii) a monomer selected from 2- or 4-vinylpyridine, styrene and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and mixtures thereof, said copolymer having a molecular weight from about 15,000 to about 100,000, and the weight ratio of monomers B(i) to B(ii) is from about 4:1 to about 50:1; and wherein the weight ratio of B:A is from 10:3 to about 40:3.

Abstract: An improved reduced volume plastic basewad for a shotshell casing includes a generally solid cylindrical plastic body portion, an annular outer continuous skirt portion merging integrally and upwardly from the body portion, and a raised annular inner continuous hub portion merging integrally and upwardly from the body portion. The skirt and body portions define a continuous exterior surface sized relative an interior surface of a plastic tube of the casing for tightly frictionally fitting within the tube at a bottom end portion thereof providing a gas seal with the tube interior surface. The hub and body portions define a continuous interior surface forming an elongated pocket for receiving a primer in a tight frictional fitting relation in the pocket with an upper end of the primer disposed adjacent an upper end of the hub portion.

Abstract: An improved chemical feeder employing periodic partial immersion in a forced circulation system is provided having a soluble chemical chamber, a dissolving chamber into which the soluble chemical chamber extends and a discharge chamber in fluid flow communication with the dissolving chamber to selectively receive chemically treated water from the dissolving chamber and discharge it into a flow loop connected to the forced circulation system.

Abstract: A hybrid electrothermal/electromagentic arcjet thruster has a cylindrical body with a longitudinal central axis, a plurality of electro-thermal propulsion mechanisms defined in the body in radially and circumferentially spaced relation about and extending along the central axis, and an electromagnetic propulsion mechanism defined in the body coaxially along the central axis thereof, between the electrothermal propulsion mechanisms and extending downstream thereof. Each electrothermal propulsion mechanism has tandemly-arranged constriction and expansion zones and are operable to concurrently receive a flow of gaseous propellant through the constriction zone and generate an electric arc therethrough to the expansion zone. The arcs interact with the propellant flows such that the latter are partially ionized and electrothermally accelerated through the expansion zones. The electromagnetic propulsion mechanism has an expansion chamber which communicates with, and extends downstream of, the expansion zones.

Abstract: An industrial shotshell has a load, such as an iron slug, assembled with a press-fitted, wad column-containing outer cup and housed with the cup in its shell. The outer cup encloses a wad column and, when pressed fitted onto a larger diameter rearward portion of the slug, seals the gases and supports the wad column during slug setback. A concavity formed in the interior of the base end of the outer cup provides empty space into which the wad column can compress during slug setback. The outer cup holds the wad column to the slug and remains attached thereto during flight, adding a degree of drag stabilization for improved accuracy of the slug and helping to stabilize the slug by changing its center of gravity. An obturating cup is formed integral at the rearward exterior of the base end of the outer cup.

Abstract: A semiconductor package for mounting a chip is disclosed. The package includes a first metal or metal alloy component having a first thin refractory oxide layer on a first surface. The chip is bonded to the first component. A skirt extends from the first component for strengthening the first component and providing heat transfer from the semiconductor package. A second metal or metal alloy lead frame having second and third refractory oxide layers on opposite surfaces is electrically connected to the chip and is bonded to the first oxide layer. Also, the lead frame is insulated from the first component by the first and second refractory oxide layers. A second metal or metal alloy component has a fourth refractory oxide layer on one surface and is bonded to the third refractory oxide layer so that the chip is hermetically sealed between the first and second components.

Abstract: Etching solutions used to etch, for example, silicon dioxide coated substrates in the manufacture of integrated circuits comprise an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride and a wetting amount of a nonionic alkyl amine glycidol adduct. Preferred embodiments of the nonionic alkyl amine glycidol adducts employed in the etching solution of the present invention are those represented by the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof,Y represents H, ##STR2## or mixtures thereof; n is from about 1 to about 20; andm+n are from about 2 to about 20; or ##STR3## wherein R' and R" represent independently selected alkyl groups, the sum total of carbon atoms in R'+R" being from about 8 to about 18; andX is from 1 to about 20.The etching solutions preferably contain hydrogen fluoride in a volume ratio of NH.sub.4 F to HF to from about 3:1 to about 50:1.

Abstract: A chip carrier and a process of assembling a chip carrier are disclosed. The carrier used for mounting a chip comprises a copper or copper base alloy component having a thin refractory oxide layer on a surface thereof. The surface and the oxide layer have an indentation formed therein for receiving the chip. A metallic circuit pattern for electrical connection to the chip is bonded to the oxide layer and insulated from the copper or copper base alloy by the refractory oxide layer. A seal is provided for enclosing the chip to the indentation. Another embodiment of the invention includes a circuit board structure comprising a circuit board device having a first coefficient of thermal expansion. A chip carrier is provided having a second coefficient thermal expansion of substantially the same value as the first coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: A method of using a dry powder electrophotographic toner with a permanent master to electrostatically transfer a electrophotographically developed electrostatic image via a reversal photographic process from the permanent master to a receiving surface is disclosed. The permanent master is made from a photopolymer material and is protected by a transparent overcoated material whose surface is hard and low friction.

Abstract: A propulsive power-producing system has a vessel defining a pressure chamber and an injector and a thrust-producing nozzle communicating with the chamber at respective upstream and downstream ends of the vessel. A dual catalytic/thermal gas generator housed in the vessel chamber includes a catalyst bed enclosed by a sleeve, a bedplate and the upstream vessel end. The sleeve is spaced inwardly from the side of the vessel to define an annulus therebetween. When a propellant liquid is injected under pressure through the injector into the catalyst bed, a first fraction of the liquid flows along a first path which leads through the bed and concurrently is catalytically decomposed into a first fraction of propellant gas which exits through openings in the bedplate into a mixing passage which leads to the nozzle.

Abstract: A process control system for a filter press membrane electrochemical cell is provided that utilizes a microcomputer for multi-tasking functions to concurrently execute four programs to control the cell operation and self-correct out-of-tolerance conditions or shut cell operation down if not corrected within the allotted time period. A core process control program intercommunicates with a timer program, an alarm monitoring program and at least one sequence program in the process control system.

Abstract: A reverse taper jacketed bullet has a tubular jacket in the form of a continuous wall defining a cavity and a one-piece core disposed in the jacket cavity. The jacket has opposite heel and mouth portions and an intermediate portion interconnecting the heel and mouth portions. The jacket wall is thicker at the intermediate portion than at either the heel or mouth portion thereof so as to define a reverse taper configuration along the intermediate and heel portions which bulges inwardly at the intermediate portion interior relative to the heel portion interior. The reverse taper configuration provides an inside diameter at the jacket intermediate portion that is less than at the jacket heel portion and in such manner produces a constriction that interlocks the lead core and jacket together. The reverse taper configuration of the jacket wall is formed in final draw step by insertion of a punch having an hour glass shaped or reverse taper configured end portion into an elongated predrawn cup.