Abstract: Ultrapure or anhydrous hydrazine is produced in a process which comprises distilling aqueous solutions of hydrazine having at least 70 percent by weight of N.sub.2 H.sub.4 at pressures below about 20 millimeters. Aqueous solutions of hydrazine are dehydrated with solid inorganic compounds such as alkali metal hydroxides which are essentially carbon-free. The concentrated hydrazine solution is then distilled at reduced pressures and temperatures which minimize the hazardous conditions present when using processes of the prior art. Monopropellant hydrazine suitable for use in spacecraft engines can be produced having a N.sub.2 H.sub.4 concentration of at least 99.5 percent and less than 5 parts per million of volatile carbonaceous materials.

Abstract: Nitration of benzene or toluene, and more specifically to such a reaction in a molten nitrate salt medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical fiber cable for use in motor vehicle applications. The cable comprises at least one optical fiber encapsulated within a tubular structure formed from a metal or metal alloy having a thermal conductivity in excess of about 20 BTU/ft.sup.2 /ft/hr/.degree.F. at 68.degree. F. The metal tube surrounding the optical fiber(s) functions as a heat sink for conducting heat away from the fiber(s).

Abstract: An improved efficiency arcjet thruster has a constrictor and electrically-conductive nozzle anode defining an arc chamber, and an electrically-conductive rod having a tip spaced upstream from the constrictor and defining a cathode spaced from the anode by a gap generally coextensive with the arc chamber. An electrical potential is applied to the anode and cathode to generate an electrical arc in the arc chamber from the cathode to anode. Catalytically decomposed hydrazine is supplied to the arc chamber with generation of the arc so as to produce thermal heating and expansion thereof through the nozzle. The constrictor can have a electrically insulative portion disposed between the cathode tip and the nozzle anode, and an electrically-conductive anode extension disposed along the insulative portion so as to define an auxiliary gap with the cathode tip substantially smaller than the gap defined between the cathode and nozzle anode for facilitating startup of arc generation.

Abstract: The present direct invention is directed to a sealing glass composite comprising a low melting point sealing glass matrix mixed with a particulate additive to increase the effective coefficient of thermal expansion of the resulting sealing glass composite. The sealing glass matrix is in the lead borate family and the particulate additive is preferably calcium fluoride. The glass composite is particularly useful as a semiconductor package sealant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for maintaining the fine grain size of and providing excellent bend formability, hot ductility and strength properties to a copper-nickel-manganese alloy to be exposed to elevated temperatures. The process of the present invention includes a final cold working step during which the material to be fabricated into a desired article and/or exposed to the elevated temperatures has its thickness reduced by about 4% to about 30%, preferably from about 5% to about 25%. The alloys described herein have particular utility in brazed articles or assemblies.

Abstract: A process for producing triaminoguanidine nitrate, and, more specifically, a process which involves reacting hydrazine, nitric acid and cyanamide in specified molar ratios. Also claimed is the high melting point product so produced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for precisely registering a flexible web to a stationary rigid support station to accurately and repeatably electrostatically transfer a developed image from a master on the flexible web to a receiving surface on the rigid support station.

Abstract: Light-sensitive 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-4-sulfonic acid monoester of a cycloalkyl-substituted phenol corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is from about 2 to about 10 and their use in light-sensitive mixtures (e.g. positive-working photoresist compositions) also containing alkali-soluble resins such as phenol-formaldehyde novolaks and cresol-formaldehyde novolaks as well as substrates coated therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring the liquid/solid interface position of an alloy ingot being formed by either direct chill or electromagnetically enhanced direct chill casting systems comprising an inductive sensor wire disposed about the mold wall of the casting system, driving the sensor wire to cause a magnetic flux to penetrate into the ingot, and sensing the change in the impedance or components of the impedance of the system. Monitoring the liquid/solid interface position allows ready adjustment to operating controls, such as, containment/stirring inductors, cooling systems and casting parameters, thereby producing a desirable ingot.

Abstract: A hermetic semiconductor casing for an electrical component has a metal or metal alloy leadframe with first and second opposite surfaces each having a first refractory oxide layer thereon, which leadframe is adapted to have the electrical component connected thereto. The leadframe is bonded by means of a fired glass or ceramic to a metal or metal alloy base member. The base member has a relatively thin metal or metal alloy coating on at least the top surface and the sides thereof, with the coating having a desirable refractory oxide layer on the outer surface thereof. The leadframe is also bonded by means of a fired glass or ceramic to a metal or metal alloy cap member having a refractory oxide layer on the lower surface thereof. The coating on the base member allows use of a base member that has undesirable oxide forming characteristics.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method of using that apparatus to electrostatically pickup and retain a master onto a dielectric substrate is provided. The dielectric substrate can be a flexible web with a conductive coating applied to one surface on which the master is retained. The master has an exposed permanent latent image therein.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cermet material comprising a matrix of aluminum alloy with ceramic particles distributed therein. The cermet is adapted for use as a semiconductor substrate and is manufactured using powder technology procedures. The cermet comprises from about 40 to about 60 volume % of aluminum or aluminum alloy, from an effective amount up to about 10 volume % of binder for enhancing bonding between the aluminum alloy and ceramic particles, and the balance essentially ceramic particles.

Abstract: A process for the electrochemical production of an alkali metal hydrosulfite by the reduction of an alkali metal bisulfite component of a circulated aqueous catholyte solution in an electrolytic membrane cell having a cathode compartment, a porous cathode in the cathode compartment, an anode compartment and a cation exchange membrane separating the cathode compartment from the anode compartment, which comprises passing at least 30 percent by volume of the aqueous catholyte through the pores of the porous cathode in the cathode compartment.High purity solutions of alkali metal hydrosulfites, such as sodium hydrosulfite having concentrations of at least 120 grams per liter, are produced at current densities in the range of 1.0 to 4.5 KA/m.sup.2 and at reduced cell voltages. The thiosulfate impurity concentration is from 0 to about 10 percent by weight of the hydrosulfite.

Abstract: A stable, low viscosity polymer/polyisocyanate dispersion wherein the polymer is produced by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated macromolecular monomer, a functional monomer, and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, together with a polyurethane foam, elastomer, adhesive, sealant, or coating produced therefrom and a method for fabricating the foam.

Abstract: Electrical connecting apparatus for electrically interconnecting an electrical energy source and electrical energy utilization apparatus including a first electrical conductor of a first electrically conductive material such as copper, a second composite electrical conductor including a third electrical conductor of a second electrically conductive material such as aluminum and a fourth electrical conductor of the first electrically conductive material, the third and fourth electrical conductors electrically and mechanically interconnected such as by roll bonding, one end of the first electrical conductor electrically and mechanically interconnected with the fourth electrical conductor such as by electron beam welding, a fifth electrical connector comprised of a plurality of layers of second electrically conductive material one end of which is electrically and mechanically interconnected to the third electrical conductor such as by metal arc welding, the other end of the first electrical conductor for being e

Abstract: A hollow tubular structure having edges held in close proximity by residual compressive forces in the material forming the tubular structure is formed by first drawing a metal or metal alloy strip through a first die and forming an open tube section and then drawing the open tube section through a second die. The hollow tubular structures have particular utility in optical fiber communication cable constructions.

Abstract: An electrodeposited foil having isotropic tensile elongation properties. The foil is formed by a process and apparatus wherein the plating surface is polished in a random manner. This provides a surface finish on the plating surface having scratches extending in random directions to provide a generally isotropic surface finish.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a toned pattern on an isolated nonabsorbent conductive receiving surface is disclosed wherein a charged electrostatic latent image area is established on an electrostatically imageable surface, and is transferred to the conductive receiving surface across a gap of between about 1 mil and about 20 mils filled with a liquid formed at least partially of a nonpolar insulating solvent in which are suspended charged toner particles.

Abstract: A novel process for producing allyl alcohol and, more specifically, to a process which utilizes a molten nitrate salt catalyst.