Abstract: A memory device includes a memory stack formed on a substrate to program skyrmions within at least one layer of the stack. The skyrmions represent logic states of the memory device. The memory stack further includes a top and bottom electrode to receive electrical current from an external source and to provide the electrical current to the memory stack. A free layer stores a logic state of the skyrmions in response to the electrical current. A Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) Interaction (DMI) layer in contact with the free layer induces skyrmions in the free layer. A tunnel barrier is interactive with the DMI layer to facilitate detection of the logic state of the skyrmions in response to a read current. At least one fixed magnetic (FM) layer is positioned within the memory stack to facilitate programming of the skyrmions within the free layer in response to the electrical current.

Abstract: To provide a soldering method and a soldering apparatus which are capable of preheating a mask without degrading throughput. Provided is a soldering method including preheating a mask on which a substrate is not placed, placing the substrate on the preheated mask, and bringing at least a part of the substrate placed on the preheated mask into contact with molten solder and thus soldering the substrate.

Abstract: A system and associated method determines the characteristics of an electric network including distance to a fault through the use of a power divider and a measuring device that measures a quantity from which voltage magnitude can be determined. The measuring device may be a power detector. The power detector may include a power meter to measure voltage and/or a power sensor to measure amplitude. Then, the results from the power detector are used in conjunction with a Hilbert transform to estimate the phase associated with at least two voltage magnitudes when a combined signal is a minimum phase signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for treating teeth to correct for malocclusions. This may be accomplished by applying a series of labels to a digital dental model and applying a rolling ball process to identify tooth boundaries separating one tooth from a neighboring tooth and to also determine the crown/gum margin. The user may further assign regions to the dental model to indicate hard regions and soft regions. With the dental model labeled and defined, the user may then generate a treatment plan for moving the labeled and defined tooth or teeth relative to one another to correct for any malocclusions. Upon approval of the treatment plan, a series of 3D printed dental appliances or aligners to be worn in series by the patient may be fabricated to ultimately move the tooth or teeth to a desired position.

Abstract: A gas passing groove, a high-voltage electrode groove, and a ground electrode groove provided to an electrode unit base are each helical in plan view. An electrode unit lid is placed on a front surface of the electrode unit base so that a high-voltage conduction hole and a high-voltage conduction point coincide with each other in plan view. An electrode cooling plate is placed on a front surface of the electrode unit lid so that a high-voltage opening includes the high-voltage conduction hole as a whole in plan view. The electrode unit lid and the electrode cooling plate are placed on the front surface of the electrode unit base so that a ground conduction groove, a ground conduction hole, and a ground conduction point coincide with one another in plan view.

Abstract: A system to collect and store in a special data structure arranged for rapid searching massive amounts of data. Performance metric data is one example. The performance metric data is recorded in time-series measurements, converted into unicode, and arranged into a special data structure having one directory for every day which stores all the metric data collected that day. The performance metric data is collected by one or more probes running on machines about which data is being collected. The performance metric data is compressed prior to transmission to a server over any data path. The data structure at the server where analysis is done has a subdirectory for every resource type. Each subdirectory contains text files of performance metric data values measured for attributes in a group of attributes to which said text file is dedicated. Each attribute has its own section and the performance metric data values are recorded in time series as unicode hex numbers as a comma delimited list.

Abstract: An integrated transformer device is provided with both inductive and transformer elements. The inductive and transformer elements are combined within the same device, sharing at least a part of the same magnetic and electrical paths. The integrated transformer device comprises a top core, a bottom core, and a shunt core. A high voltage winding is wound around the bottom core. A low voltage winding is wound around the bottom core and the shunt core. Power semiconductor devices, connected in parallel, form a portion of the low voltage winding and are disposed at a location proximate to the high voltage winding.

Abstract: A method may improve commercial optimization solver performance on day ahead security constrained unit commitment through warm start and lazy constraint settings. Data analytics is performed to greatly improve the quality of the initial commitment solution and lazy constraint setting. A distributed optimization framework is provided to take advantage of the diversity from prevalent solvers (GUROBI and CPLEX) under different warm start settings. A systematic distribution profile based benchmarking method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for determining an elevation of a laser detector assembly includes calculating an estimated elevation of a laser detector assembly based on data from an inertial measurement unit and a detected laser strike. The estimated elevation is then output. A detected elevation of the laser detector assembly is calculated based on the detected laser strike and the detected elevation is output in response to the detected laser strike. The estimated elevation is calculated and output between outputs of detected elevations.

Abstract: The disclosed latex system comprises a one-component, closed-cell, semi-foam, mastic sealant using gas-filled, flexible, organic microspheres to create a product that is elastic and compressible under pressure without protruding in an outward direction when compressed, thereby allowing the applied sealant to compress in an enclosed, maximum-filled channel unlike typical mastic sealants (while retaining the ability to rebound). This allows the sealant to function as a gasket, and, once fully cured, to have properties including vibration damping, insulating, and condensation resistance. The sealant can be formulated as an air barrier or a vapor barrier and at various degrees of moisture resistance. It may be applied by different packaging variations including aerosol can (bag in can or bag on valve), airless sprayer, cartridge tubes, foil tubes, squeeze tubes, and buckets to be applied using a brush, trowel, spatula, etc.

Abstract: A hydrophobic coating and a method for applying such a coating to a surface of a substrate. The method includes applying a coating composition to the surface and heating the coated surface at a cure temperature from about 300° C. to about 600° C. for a time from about 2 hours to about 48 hours. The coating composition is applied to the surface by an application method selected from the group consisting of flowing, dipping, and spraying. The coating composition comprises a yttrium compound, an additive selected from the group consisting of a cerium compound and a dispersion of yttrium oxide nanoparticles, a water-soluble polymer, and a solvent solution of de-ionized water and a water-soluble alcohol.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to improve productivity while suppressing a reduction in a heat radiating performance of a power semiconductor device. According to the invention, there is provided a manufacturing method of a power semiconductor device which includes a conductive member having a first surface and a second surface provided on a side opposite to the first surface and a power semiconductor element which is connected to the conductive member through a bonding material.

Abstract: An X-ray diagnosis apparatus according to an embodiment includes an X-ray limiter having four diaphragm blades; and a console on which four physical operating units that correspond to the four diaphragm blades are placed at four positions. When viewed from the side of the operator of the console, the four operating units are placed on the far side, the near side, the left side, and the right side. The far-side operating unit, the near-side operating unit, the left-side operating unit, and the right-side operating unit correspond to the upper diaphragm blade, the lower diaphragm blade, the left-side diaphragm blade, and the right-side diaphragm blade, respectively, with reference to an X-ray image displayed in a display.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating an image generator, arranged to generate and to output signals for displaying image elements of a predefined set of image elements, each image element being defined by respective varying deflection signals. A colour change trigger is firstly defined comprising an additional image element defined by varying deflection signals different to varying deflection signals of an image element of the predefined set. Varying deflection signals of the defined colour change trigger are generated and output thereby to indicate a respective colour for use in displaying an image element of the predefined set. An image generator is also provided, configured to implement the method. A method is also provided for generating digital colour image data from signals output by such an image generator. A display system is also provided incorporating such an image generator together with a colour change trigger detector and scan converter.

Abstract: A direction finding system and method to utilize synthetic apertures within a single short pulse transmission to extrapolate additional data relating to the signal to thereby increase the accuracy of the direction finding results given by a single short pulse is provided. The direction finding system may further exploit the movement of a platform to create the synthetic apertures within the signal data.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiotherapy support apparatus has processing circuitry. The processing circuitry obtains an activity level distribution representing radiation resistance in a tumor area of a subject, and produces a first treatment plan in which a radiation administered dose to the tumor area changes within the tumor area in accordance with the activity level distribution.

Abstract: A conduction path that includes a tubular conductor; a flexible conductor that has better flexibility than the tubular conductor and is connected to the tubular conductor; and a terminal that is connected to the flexible conductor, wherein: an end of the flexible conductor in a lengthwise direction thereof is fixed at a fixing portion of the tubular conductor in a state in which the end is inserted into the tubular conductor, the fixing portion includes a first deformed portion in which an outer peripheral wall of the tubular conductor is deformed radially inward and holds the flexible conductor, and a second deformed portion that is further deformed radially inward from the first deformed portion and is connected to the flexible conductor.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are disclosed for automatic signal detection in an RF environment. An apparatus comprises at least one receiver and at least one processor coupled with at least one memory. The apparatus is at the edge of a communication network. The apparatus sweeps and learns the RF environment in a predetermined period based on statistical learning techniques, thereby creating learning data. The apparatus forms a knowledge map based on the learning data, scrubs a real-time spectral sweep against the knowledge map, and creates impressions on the RF environment based on a machine learning algorithm. The apparatus is operable to detect at least one signal in the RF environment.

Abstract: A strain wave gearing apparatus includes a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof, a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof, and a wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery. A contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of a major axis. A rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in a circumferential direction. The elliptic outer periphery of the wave generator includes a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, and is different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: Methods and systems of using a presentation application tool include inputting a control code associated with an administrative control via the presentation application tool and a graphical user interface (GUI) of an administrative device, controlling a presentation device via the administrative device based on the control code, and setting an active user through the administrative control via the GUI of the administrative device, wherein the active user is in control of a present mode and an active user device. The method may further include associating the active user device with the present mode and the presentation device, the present mode configured to control the presentation device, and controlling a presentation screen of the presentation device in the present mode through the active user device.