Abstract: A photovoltaic generator comprising a substrate; an insulating layer provided on the substrate; first impurity diffusion zones formed on the insulating layer; second impurity diffusion zones deep enough to reach the insulating layer and of an opposite polarity to that of the first impurity diffusion zones the second impurity diffusion zones and the first impurity diffusion zones being alternately positioned on the surface of the substrate to form substantially vertical pn junctions; third impurity diffusion zones provided on the surface of the first impurity diffusion zones and the second impurity diffusion zones opposite to the insulating layer and of the same polarity as that of the second impurity diffusion zones, one end of each of the third impurity diffusion zones connecting, to the adjacent one of the second impurity diffusion zones while the other end connecting to the adjacent one of the first impurity diffusion zones; fourth impurity diffusion zones formed on the surface of the adjacent one of the f

Abstract: The present invention provides an indicating device for menstruation that is easy to utilize, fast and accurate in measuring temperatures. It comprises: a temperature measuring sensor to measure basal body temperatures of a user and output the measured values; a parameter-inputting means for inputting user-inputting parameters; a microprocessor for storing the basal body temperatures from the temperature measuring sensor, and storing the user-inputting parameters from the parameter-inputting means, then using a mathematical method to estimate the user's monthly gynecophysiological factors in accordance with the basal body temperatures and the user-inputting parameters; and a display means to display the user's monthly gynecophysiological factors estimated by the microprocessor. The indicating device for menstruation uses a mathematical method including weighting coefficients to estimate a user's monthly gynecophysiological factors more accurately.

Abstract: The structure of the sensing element of a platinum resistance thermometer and method for manufacturing the same, in which the silicon wafer is used as a substrate. A silicon substrate is etched to form a desired wiring pattern, then a silicon dioxide layer is grown as a layer of thermal oxide on the silicon substrate by heating the etched substrate in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. After a platinum film is deposited onto the surface of the silicon dioxide layer, the platinum-coated substrate is subject to gentle polishing. The platinum membrane outside the etched groove is easily detached while the platinum layer inside the etched groove remains attached. Thus a platinum circuit with a desired circuit pattern is formed on the substrate. After heat treatment in a temperature range of 750.degree. C..about. 1500.degree. C. and further processing, the sensing element of a platinum resistance thermometer is obtained.

Abstract: An absolute radiation thermometer capable of evaluating the absolute value of infrared radiation power emitted from a target and received by a radiation sensor by means of electrical calibration, and calculating the temperature of the target basing on the responsive signal generated in the radiation sensor. To solve "Microphonic" problem, two identical sensors connected in parallel with the polarized orientations of their pyroelectric layers being in opposite directions so as to cancel the piezoelectric signals generated in the two sensors are used. Further, by using a floating power supply, which is isolated from the system power supply of the thermometer, for performing electrical heating, power supply noise can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: A waveguide for tympanic thermometer formed by an elongate hollow member having substantially ellipsoidal shape truncated at both ends along its major axis direction. The waveguide is interposed between a tympanic membrane of which the temperature is to be measured and an infrared radiation sensor so as to guide the infrared radiation from the tympanic membrane to the sensor. Alternatively, the waveguide may also be a hollow member including an end portion having a gradually reduced inner diameter toward the side of sensor. The gradually reduced end portion is preferably of a truncated half ellipsoidal shape having a length between about 1/10 to about 1/3 of the distance from the sensor to the distal end of the waveguide.

Abstract: A substrate structure of a monolithic gas sensor is disclosed, wherein the substrate structure is formed as a thermal resistant and insulating suspended thin plate configuration on a single crystal silicon substrate. The thin plate has formed thereon a heating resistor and coated with tin-oxide-base reducing gas-sensitive material. The thermal resistant thin plate formed on the silicon substrate comprises a native silicon oxide layer, a silicon-rich silicon nitride layer deposited on the native silicon oxide layer, and a top silicon oxide layer formed by thermal oxidation of a surface layer of the deposited silicon-rich silicon nitride layer. An oxide-nitride-oxide sandwiched composited configuration is thus formed that can relieve mechanical stresses internal to the thin plate.

Abstract: A structure for pyroelectric IR heat-sensing elements having a wide angle field of view is made by forming the essential heat-sensing elements and the related electronic elements into a planarized-packing configuration suitable for surface bonding. The heat-sensing elements are caused to be inclined and facing each other in a suspended structure so as to increase the sensing viewing angle.

Abstract: A new structure of a vacuum meter with good designs of temperature compensation and stabilization, The structure comprises a floating plate made by a micro-machining technique and a thermal sensitive element installed on the floating plate, The floating plate has a number of suspending arms extending outward to supporting the floating plate in a cavity of a semiconductor substrate for good heat isolation. The area of the floating plate and the length and width of the suspending arm has a specific ratio for an optimized sensitivity. A dummy resistor for temperature compensation is composed by a serial connection of a constant resistor with almost zero temperature coefficient and the thermal sensitive elements in a specific ratio. The vacuum meter further overlap on a temperature-controlled thermoelectric cooling device and is covered by a thermal shield so that the temperatures on and circumferential to the floating plate can be maintained stably.

Abstract: A large scale electronic display board system for displaying images in response to an image signal. The system has a light emitting diode (LED) display for displaying images in multiple gray levels. The LED display has an N.times.M array of LEDs. Each LED has a corresponding driving circuit which linearly controls the gray level of the LED.