Abstract: Hydrocarbon vapors containing HF, as from an HF alkylation refrigerated vent gas yield, the reactor settler, and the like are charged to a liquid knock-out drum to remove entrained liquid therefrom, the recovered liquid being pumped to storage in response to liquid level control on the knock-out drum. Recovered vapors are charged to a circulating aqueous caustic treater to yield HF-free vapors, as to a flare. The circulating caustic solution is indirectly heated in response to a preselected caustic solution temperature to prevent freezing. A high pressure rupture disc, upstream from the knock-out drum, affords a vapor relief safety by-pass of the treater. Dry gas, such as nitrogen or sweet, natural gas, continuously sweeps the relief line to maintain this line open and operable.

Abstract: Minimum content asphalt-in-water emulsions are prepared employing conductivity measurements. An emulsifying agent e.g., soap and water, a pH adjusting agent e.g., hydrochloric acid, to adjust the pH to be in the approximate range up from about 3 to about 5, and an ionizing salt are brought together and heated to a suitable blending temperature and then blended with asphalt also heated to such a temperature. A method for optimizing conditions to obtain optimum asphalts is set forth.

Abstract: Guiding unit protecting against the whipping motion of a free pipe end in a pipe straightening is provided for, which comprises hinged sections of a piece of plastic pipe.

Abstract: Polyphenylene oxide is conveniently blended with conjugated diene-monovinylarene copolymers by using a mixed solvent of aromatic and paraffinic/cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons; preferably a polyphenylene oxide solution in an aromatic solvent is added to the copolymer cement prior to polymer recovery but after monomer polymerization is essentially complete.

Abstract: In a fractional distillation column, a desired ratio between the flow rate of a side draw product stream and the internal reflux flow rate at the particular tray from which a side draw stream is withdrawn from the fractional distillation column is maintained by manipulating the flow rate of the center reflux stream so as to maintain the desired ratio between the internal reflux flow rate and a side draw product stream flow rate at the particular tray from which the side draw stream is withdrawn from the fractional distillation column. Control of the ratio between the flow rate of a side draw product stream and the internal reflux flow rate results in an improved side draw product stream purity.

Abstract: The heat provided to a cracking furnace is manipulated so as to substantially maximize the value of the product stream flowing from the cracking furnace. An analysis of the product stream may be utilized to measure the ratio of a first constituent in the product stream to a second constituent in the product stream (severity equivalent). The severity equivalent required to substantially maximize the value of the product stream may be calculated in response to process operating conditions. The heat supplied to the cracking furnace is manipulated in response to a comparison of the actual severity equivalent to the desired severity equivalent to thereby substantially maximize the value of the product stream.

Abstract: An improved container for plants or the like comprising a pot and a tray releasably securable to the bottom of the pot.The pot and tray are provided with snap lock means for connecting the pot and tray which snap lock means includes a plurality of upwardly extending tapered protuberances having undercut portions and extending upwardly from the tray, which protuberances are receivable in corresponding apertures in the bottom portion of the pot, and which snap lock means further includes a plurality of wedge-locking elements carried by the pot and tray which are positioned adjacent the protuberances and apertures.

Abstract: In a carbon black reactor having at least one combustion zone opening into a reaction zone, each combustion zone has opening thereinto, in a generally tangential direction, quench fluid inlet means operably connected to a source of quench fluid. The quench fluid is introduced into the combustion zone to control the temperature of the combustion gases to a desired temperature before the combustion gases are introduced into the reaction zone. Control means is provided for controlling the quench fluid input in response to the temperature of the combustion gases.

Abstract: Smoke containing unagglomerated carbon black is subjected to sonic carbon black agglomeration thereby reducing the filter load and the danger of heat exchanger blockage.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a fluid stream by contacting the fluid stream which contains hydrogen sulfide with an absorbing composition comprising zinc, titanium and at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, rhenium, and compounds thereof. If organic sulfur compounds are present in the fluid stream, the absorbing composition acts as a hydrodesulfurization catalyst to convert the sulfur in the organic sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide which is subsequently removed from the fluid stream by the absorbing composition. If olefin contaminants are present in the fluid stream, the absorbing composition acts as hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate the olefin contaminants to paraffins.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon lube oil or hydrocarbon fuel for a combustion engine containing an amount of substituted dihydro oxazine sufficient to stabilize the hydrocarbon lube oil or hydrocarbon fuel against oxidative deterioration. A method for stabilizing either hydrocarbon lube oil or hydrocarbon fuel for a combustion engine against oxidative deterioration in which an oxidation stabilizing amount of substituted dihydro oxazine is added to the lube oil or the hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: In a carbon black process with tangential hot combustion gas introduction the pressure drop across the reactor is reduced by introducing a gas stream radially outwardly in close proximity with the upstream confining reactor wall.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst is provided comprising chromium oxide on a titanium-containing silica support having at least about 3 weight percent titanium in combination with an organoboron promoter. The titanium may be incorporated by coprecipitation with the silica gel or added anhydrously or nonanhydrously to the silica gel. The polymerization process comprises the contacting of olefin monomer with the titanium-containing chromium oxide catalyst in the presence of an organoboron promoter.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing alpha-olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising two components. Component A is obtained by mixing a milled mixture of magnesium and particulate inorganic solid with an alcohol and then contacting the resultant product with a tetravalent halogenated titanium compound. Component B comprises a metallic hydride or an organometallic compound, e.g., an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: Polymerization of alpha monoolefins employing a catalyst comprising (A) a component formed by intensive mixing (milling) of titanium halide, a Lewis base, anhydrous magnesium or manganese chloride, and an unsaturated additive, (B) trihydrocarbylaluminum and, optionally, a Lewis base, and optionally (C) a dihydrocarbylaluminum halide.

Abstract: Polynuclear aromatic reactants are selectively hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen gas with a zinc titanate catalyst.

Abstract: The drying of a polymer solution by the removal of solvent is accomplished by flashing the polymer solution while spraying into a bed of substantially dry polymer particles. The dryer polymer particles coat the partially dried solution polymer droplets, and the remaining solvent is removed by the energy produced from the mechanical agitation of the bed and the passing of a heated inert gas through the polymer bed.

Abstract: In a chromatographic analysis system, carrier fluid containing a sample fluid and pure carrier fluid are alternately supplied to both first and second fluid inlets of a chromatographic detector. Lock-in detection of the output of the chromatographic detector based on the frequency at which the carrier fluid containing a sample fluid and pure carrier fluid are alternately provided to both of the fluid inlets of the chromatographic detector provides a significant signal-to-noise improvement in the chromatograph.

Abstract: An armor structure is provided by laminating multiple units consisting of one or more ply of unidirectionally oriented polyolefin film or fibers which are positioned so that the lines of orientation of adjacent units are at angles to each other. The armor structure can either be used alone or in combination with other armor materials. Bonding of the plies is achieved solely through the application of heat and pressure to the composite of positioned plies.

Abstract: Copolymers of alpha-methylstyrene-type monomers and conjugated diene monomers are prepared by polymerizing an alpha-methylstyrene monomer using a first polar activator, adding a small amount of a conjugated diene monomer to cap the block of alpha-methylstyrene-type monomer polymer, and further adding a conjugated diene monomer and polymerizing with a second polar activator effective for copolymerization of residual alpha-methylstyrene-type monomer. The resulting copolymer can be coupled to form linear or radial block copolymers.