Abstract: A method of increasing yield of yeast cells on a carbon source of crude methanol or crude ethanol is given.

Abstract: The actual temperature of the extrudate issuing from a long land die extruder is measured and a measurement signal representative thereof is established. The measurement signal is then compared with a setpoint signal representing the desired extrudate temperature to produce a control signal which is responsive to the difference between the measurement signal and the setpoint signal. The cooling fluid being circulated in heat exchange relationship with the extrudate in the long land die is manipulated responsive to the control signal to maintain the actual temperature of the extrudate substantially at the desired extrudate temperature. When the magnitude of the difference between the measurement signal and the setpoint signal exceeds a predetermined value, the rate of heat input to the plasticization section of the extruder and/or the rate of extrusion of the extrudate can be varied to reduce said difference to less than said predetermined value.

Abstract: Tetrablock polymers having the configuration B--A.sub.1 --C--A.sub.2 and C--A.sub.1 --B--A.sub.2 and their hydrogenated counterparts are disclosed, wherein B is a low vinyl poly 1,3-butadiene block, A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 can be the same or different polymerized blocks of a monovinylarene monomer having 8-14 carbon atoms per molecule, and C is a block selected from the group consisting of polymerized blocks of a conjugated diene having 4-12 carbon atoms per molecule in which there is on the average at least one side chain branch for every 10 carbon atoms of the polymeric backbone. The hydrogenated tetrablock polymers have the configuration B'--A.sub.1 --C'--A.sub.2 and C'--A.sub.1 --B'--A.sub.2 in which B' is hydrogenated B and C' is hydrogenated block C.

Abstract: A laminate in which a fabric backing is adhered to a composition containing a radial teleblock copolymer having blocks of poly(conjugated diene) and poly(monovinylaromatic) and sufficient surface dulling agent to provide a suede-like surface. A laminate as described having high air permeability and suede-like surface is used as material for uppers of shoes.

Abstract: A copper-molybdenum composition and process for using the composition in the production of methane from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: Metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron contaminating a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the contaminated catalyst with a passivating agent dissolved in a secondary feedstock stream having a temperature sufficiently low to avoid or minimize decomposition of the passivating agent.

Abstract: In the purification of hydrocarbon streams containing HF by chemical reaction with potassium hydroxide, a small portion of the hydrocarbon stream containing HF is passed through a small test bed of solid KOH; and when excess HF is present in the hydrocarbon stream to be purified, the temperature of the test bed increases significantly and rapidly and the flow of hydrocarbon is discontinued to the main treater responsive to the temperature in the test bed thereby preventing the treater temperature from exceeding a preselected maximum allowable value. In one embodiment, the main hydrocarbon charge is by-passed around the main KOH treater and introduced into the effluent from the treater; and in another embodiment, the hydrocarbon charge is returned to a settling zone following alkylation and prior to separation facilities utilized to process the hydrocarbon phase.

Abstract: A flame head for a flame photometric detector is disclosed comprising an explosion-proof housing having a combustion chamber therein defined by a fused quartz tube flame wall barrier. Means are provided for securing a fiber-optic bundle to the housing with one terminal end of the fiber-optic bundle positioned adjacent the fused quartz tube whereby light emitted from the combustion chamber can be transmitted via the fiber-optic bundle to a photomultiplier and associated electronic detection means remotedly located therefrom. A burner tip communicates with one end of the fused quartz tube and provides gas effluent and fuel through a passage therein coaxially aligned with the quartz tube while providing required air to four circumferentially spaced ports disposed about the passage. Means are also provided for purging fuel from the area immediately adjacent the terminal end of the fiber-optic bundle adjacent the quartz tube.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for the automatic adjustment of the fractionation column pressure in a fractionator system which employs total condensation of overhead vapor and a liquid full reflux accumulator to thus float the column pressure above minimum column pressure. The set point of a condensder fan pitch controller, which manipulates the blade pitch of the condenser fan, is automatically adjusted in response to a desired offset of condensate subcooling from the overhead bubble point temperature which is repeatedly automatically calculated in response to analysis of the overhead product composition and pressure. The set point of a pressure controller, which manipulates the overhead product control valve to adjust column pressure, is automatically adjusted in response to a fan pitch signal from the condenser fan pitch controller and a desired fan pitch set point. Appropriate limits and overrides are also disclosed to prevent sudden changes in column pressure which might upset system operation.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon composition containing both straight chain and non-straight chain hydrocarbons in which said hydrocarbon composition is separated into a straight chain hydrocarbon-rich fraction and a non-straight chain hydrocarbon-rich fraction, non-aromatics in said non-straight chain hydrocarbon-rich fraction are converted to aromatics, and at least a portion of the straight chain hydrocarbon-rich fraction is passed in combination with steam over a steam active catalyst comprising at least one Group VIII metal and a tin modified Group II metal aluminate under conditions such that aromatics are produced.

Abstract: Diaryl ether is used as an extractive distillation solvent to separate mixtures containing cyclohexylbenzene, phenol and cyclohexanone. A mixture of cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexanone and phenol resulting from the acid catalyzed cleavage of cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide is subjected to an extractive distillation with a diaryl ether solvent to obtain removed cyclohexylbenzene as a bottoms fraction.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks are dehydrogenated to compounds having the same number of carbon atoms and a higher degree of unsaturation by contacting the feedstock in the vapor phase in the presence of molecular oxygen with a catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, lead, phosphorus and combined oxygen, and optionally, an alkali metal. Representative of such conversions is the oxidative dehydrogenation of butane to butenes and butadiene.

Abstract: An injection molded polymer having limited surface gloss is provided by preparing an admixture of an injection moldable polymer substrate and an additive chosen from among the group consisting of finely divided textile fibers, finely divided hydrocarbon polymers, and blowing agents and injection molding an article from the admixture. In the embodiment of the invention employing blowing agents the admixing is carried out at a temperature below that at which the blowing agent is activated and the injection molding is carried out at a temperature sufficient to activate the decomposition of the blowing agent.