Abstract: A method of producing an additive supplement that when combined with a motor oil licensable with the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee creates a second motor oil that meets the standards of the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee by first selecting a desired motor oil and a standard motor oil, wherein the desired motor oil comprises a desired base oil component and a desired additive component and the standard motor oil contains a standard base oil component and a standard additive component. A differentiating additive component is produced by determining the additive component differences between the desired additive component and the standard additive component. This differentiating additive component is determined by using equal amounts of the standard motor oil and the desired motor oil.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a process is taught where the process begins by flowing a first product through a first pipeline and flowing a second product through a second pipeline. The process then produces a blended product by mixing both the first product and the second product within a pipeline interchange which is connected downstream to both the first pipeline and the second pipeline. The blended product then flows from the pipeline interchange to a third pipeline that is connected downstream of pipeline interchange. The blended product is analyzed in the third pipeline with an automated analyzer that is capable of physical and/or chemically analyzing the blended product in the third pipeline and generating blended data.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a fractional distillation tower that uses color sensing technology that provides nearly real time cutpoint analysis of high value products. With this information, the cutpoints may be aggressively shifted to a financially advantageous product slate and stay aggressive throughout each day rather than wait for a once or twice daily report of what products have been made and their analyses with respect to specifications.

Abstract: A bi-modal radial flow reactor comprising a cylindrical outer housing surrounding at least five cylindrical, concentric zones, including at least three annulus vapor zones and at least two catalyst zones. The at least two catalyst zones comprise an outer catalyst zone and an inner catalyst zone. The at least three annulus vapor zones comprise an outer annulus vapor zone, a middle annulus vapor zone, and a central annulus vapor zone, wherein the central annulus vapor zone extends along a centerline of the bi-modal radial flow reactor. The outer catalyst zone is intercalated with the outer annulus vapor zone and the middle annulus vapor zone, and the inner catalyst zone is intercalated with the middle annulus vapor zone and the central annulus vapor zone. A removable head cover can be fixably coupled to a top of the cylindrical outer housing to seal a top of the bi-modal radial flow reactor.

Abstract: Methods for making a supported chromium catalyst are disclosed, and can comprise contacting a silica-coated alumina containing at least 30 wt. % silica with a chromium-containing compound in a liquid, drying, and calcining in an oxidizing atmosphere at a peak temperature of at least 650° C. to form the supported chromium catalyst. The supported chromium catalyst can contain from 0.01 to 20 wt. % chromium, and typically can have a pore volume from 0.5 to 2 mL/g and a BET surface area from 275 to 550 m2/g. The supported chromium catalyst subsequently can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene-based homopolymers and copolymers having high molecular weights and broad molecular weight distributions.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods of predicting the steady state small scale critical temperatures (S4 Tc) of polymer resins and pipes therefrom.

Abstract: A method comprising a) contacting a solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a peroxide-containing compound to form an acidic mixture wherein a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the acidic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound and the acidic mixture to form a solubilized titanium mixture wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4 and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to peroxide-containing compound in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20; and c) contacting a chromium-silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water and the solubilized titanium mixture to form an addition product and drying the addition product by heating to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C.

Abstract: A method comprising a) contacting a solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a peroxide-containing compound to form an acidic mixture wherein a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the acidic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound and the acidic mixture to form a solubilized titanium mixture wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4 and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to peroxide-containing compound in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20; and c) contacting a chromium-silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water and the solubilized titanium mixture to form an addition product and drying the addition product by heating to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C.

Abstract: A process comprising A) continuously introducing into a reaction zone i) ethylene, ii) an iron salt, iii) a pyridine bisimine, iv) an organoaluminum compound, and v) an organic reaction medium, and B) forming an oligomer product in the reaction zone, the reaction zone having i) an iron of the iron salt concentration in a range of 5×10?4 mmol/kg to 5×10?3 mmol/kg, ii) an aluminum of the organoaluminum compound to iron of the iron salt molar ratio in a range of 300:1 to 800:1, ii) an ethylene partial pressure in a range of 750 psig to 1200 psig, iv) an ethylene to organic reaction medium mass ratio in a range of 0.8 to 4.5, v) a temperature in a range of 75° C. to 95° C., and optionally vi) a hydrogen partial pressure of at least 5 psi.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an auto injector with a bi-stable clutch plate.

Abstract: Disclosed are ethylene polymer compositions containing a homogeneously-branched first ethylene polymer component and a homogeneously-branched second ethylene polymer component of higher density than the first ethylene polymer component. The ethylene polymer composition can be characterized by a density from 0.912 to 0.925 g/cm3, a melt index less than 3.5 g/10 min, and a CY-a parameter at 190° C. from 0.25 to 0.65. These polymer compositions have the excellent dart impact strength and optical properties of a metallocene-catalyzed LLDPE, but with improved machine direction tear resistance, and can be used in blown film and other end-use applications.

Abstract: A process for binding sulfur to carbon to form carbon polysulfide is described that better secures sulfur to the cathode in a lithium-sulfur battery during lithium oxidation and reduction. The process includes selecting a suitable carbon precursor, blending it with sulfur and an organic solvent and mill the combination to make a fine particle size mix and then driving off the solvent along with species that have been dissolved in the solvent. The remaining carbon precursor and sulfur are heated in an inert environment at a temperature between about 300° C. and about 550° C. to chemically bind the sulfur and the carbon to form carbon polysulfide suitable for use as a cathode powder in a lithium-sulfur battery.

Abstract: Processes for converting an olefin reactant into a diol compound are disclosed, and these processes include the steps of contacting the olefin reactant and a supported chromium catalyst comprising chromium in a hexavalent oxidation state to reduce at least a portion of the supported chromium catalyst to form a reduced chromium catalyst, and hydrolyzing the reduced chromium catalyst to form a reaction product comprising the diol compound. While being contacted, the olefin reactant and the supported chromium catalyst can be irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum. Optionally, these processes can further comprise a step of calcining at least a portion of the reduced chromium catalyst to regenerate the supported chromium catalyst.

Abstract: A method of producing an infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) layer. The method begins by infiltrating a solution containing a solute into a SOFC layer to produce a primary SOFC layer. The primary SOFC layer is then dried in a heated environment, wherein the heated environment ranges in temperature from about 25° C. to about 100° C. to produce a dry primary SOFC layer. The dry primary SOFC layer is then cooled at a rate less than about 5° C./min to room temperature to produce a cooled primary SOFC layer. The cooled primary SOFC layer is then heated to a temperature greater than 500° C. then quenching to a temperature from about 10° C. to about 30° C. to produce an infiltrated SOFC layer.

Abstract: Catalyst preparation systems and methods for preparing reduced chromium catalysts are disclosed, and can comprise irradiating a supported chromium catalyst containing hexavalent chromium with a light beam having a wavelength within the UV-visible light spectrum. Such reduced chromium catalysts have improved catalytic activity compared to chromium catalysts reduced by other means. The use of the reduced chromium catalyst in polymerization reactor systems and olefin polymerization processes also is disclosed, resulting in polymers with a higher melt index.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ethylene-based polymers generally characterized by a melt index of less than 15 g/10 min, a density from 0.91 to 0.945 g/cm3, a CY-a parameter at 190° C. from 0.2 to 0.6, an average number of long chain branches per 1,000,000 total carbon atoms of the polymer in a molecular weight range of 500,000 to 2,000,000 g/mol of less than 5, and a maximum ratio of ?E/3? at an extensional rate of 0.03 sec?1 in a range from 3 to 15. The ethylene polymers have substantially no long chain branching in the high molecular weight fraction of the polymer, but instead have significant long chain branching in the lower molecular weight fraction, such that polymer melt strength and bubble stability are maintained for the fabrication of blown films and other articles of manufacture.