Abstract: Disclosed is a pin valve featuring a pin that extends less than the entire length of the valve body. As a result, the valve body bore which houses the pin does not extend through the entire body. The pin is held in place through one of several retaining devices disclosed, including a compression ring. The retaining device is placed about the pin and within the valve body.

Abstract: A hybrid engine, having a plurality of coupled expansible chamber devices, preferably a piston in a cylinder, each capable of operating in any one of an internal combustion mode, an air pump/compressor mode and an air motor mode. The modes are controlled by a microcontroller which controls the valves, ignition source and fuel source. The mode for each expansible chamber device is computed and independently selected by the microcontroller and the combination of modes at any instant is switched to optimize engine operation for the operating conditions at that instant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a printer having a ribbon guide capable of reflecting light emitted from a paper detection sensor away from the paper detection sensor in the absence of a printing paper. As a result, the possibility of erroneous recognition of paper detection is eliminated. There are provided a print head 1, a ribbon guide 3 attached to the print head, and a reflection-type paper detection sensor 4 arranged on a side of the platen in a manner opposed to a printing paper P passing between the platen and the ribbon guide 3 to emit light for detecting the printing paper. The ribbon guide 3 is formed with sloped surfaces 3b and 3d that are inclined relative to a surface of a printing paper P to reflect the light emitted from the paper detection sensor 4 toward a position away from the paper detection sensor.

Abstract: An object being distance-measured is detected of its status change by a simple structure. A processing operating circuit 7 samples and stores outputs of a monitor cell 8 and compares between a value sampled in the last time and a value sampled in the present time. When a difference thereof is out of a predetermined range, it is determined that the state of a subject has changed due to movement or the like of the subject and the output of the monitor cell 8 has changed thus outputting a detection signal to a terminal D. A control-logic 12 causes a gate section 2 due to an input of the detection signal to forcibly end the storage operation of a line sensor section 1. Meanwhile, due to the detection signal outputted on the terminal D, an alarm section 14 gives alarm that the subject has moved.

Abstract: A distance measuring device is provided with regulating circuit for removing offset voltages. Before conducting distance measurement, the regulating circuit outputs a reference voltage on the basis of offset voltages of an amplifier and an integrating circuit used to amplify and integrated reflected light from an object. The regulating circuit comprises a D/A converter for outputting an analog voltage. A value representing the offset voltages is stored and, at the time of distance measurement, the reference voltage is set based on the stored value. The integrating circuit integrates two outputs of the amplifier based on near-side and far-side light receiving means, and uses a calculating device to find a distance to the object based on the integrated output voltages of the integrating circuit.

Abstract: Increased accuracy of measurement of variation of a critical dimension is achieved through measurement of area of a test mark by detection of intensity of radiation such as broadband light with which at least a portion of a test mark is imaged. The test mark is preferably formed by partial lithographic exposures of overlapping features, preferably lines having a width approximating a critical dimension of interest and at a shallow angle to each other such that the test mark has the shape of a parallelogram or rhombus.

Abstract: The invention is a compact disc manufacturing mold which permits the mold to be used to produce a variety of non-standard sizes and shapes. A replaceable flat cavity ring which fits between the conventional mold pieces encloses the outer boundary of the disc and has an inner shape which defines the non-standard disc shape. The cavity ring includes a cylindrical projection extending from its surface which is in contact with the face of the mold piece. The extension is inserted into a groove in the mold face and is locked into the mold by threaded plugs screwed through the cylindrical sides of the mold piece.

Abstract: A focal-plane shutter comprises a shutter plate having a shutter opening, opening blades and closing blades for opening and closing the shutter opening, and arms connected by connector portions to the opening and closing blades for driving the blades parallel to the shutter opening to effect an exposure. Resilient stopping members are disposed to make resilient contact with the opening blades at opening positions thereof where the opening blades are retracted from the shutter opening, and other resilient stopping members are disposed to make resilient contact with the closing blades at closing positions thereof where the closing blades close the shutter opening. The resilient stopping members are positioned on opposite sides of the connector portions so that when the blades strike the stopping members, reaction forces are produced which cancel each other out thereby preventing excessive wear of the connector portions.

Abstract: The disclosure is for a film coating which yields increased life for optical media molds and the method and apparatus for making such a film. The film is a carbon nitride layer of 0.5 to 5.0 microns thickness with 2% to 45% nitrogen coated on an underlayer. One method of making the carbon nitride film is by the use of a pulsed carbon arc to generate a carbon plasma while injecting nitrogen into the vacuum chamber in which the arc is created. Another method is to generate a radio frequency plasma in a vacuum chamber into which acetylene and nitrogen gas are injected. The carbon nitride is formed by the combination of nitrogen with the carbon from the acetylene.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter capable of carrying out electric automatic exposure control and mechanical manual exposure control comprises a selecting member for selecting an automatic exposure position and a plurality of exposure time period positions, a switching member operated by the selecting member for switching a mechanical exposure time period control mechanism in correspondence with respective exposure time period positions, an electromagnetic device for electrically driving the switching member, and an electronic circuit for controlling the electromagnetic device. In operation, when the selecting member is disposed at the automatic exposure position, the switching member is controlled to be driven by the electromagnetic device, and when the selecting member is disposed at an exposure time period position, the switching member is driven by the selecting member.

Abstract: To prevent rebounding motion of sectors caused in stopping the sectors and achieve small-sized formation of a shutter, there is provided a shutter for a camera including sectors for opening and closing a shutter opening by reciprocal and pivotal movement, a motor for reciprocally and pivotally moving the sectors by forwardly and reversely rotating a rotor of the motor by applying current to a coil in forward and reverse directions, a control circuit for controlling current applied to the coil for exposure control in accordance with a brightness of an object to be photographed and a memory circuit for outputting data used for applying current to the control circuit in correspondence with operational characteristics of the motor and the sectors. The memory circuit is provided with current data for applying current to the coil for rotating the rotor in a direction reverse to a rebounding direction of the sectors to prevent a rebounding motion of the sectors.

Abstract: A retention system for securing a stage mirror to the wafer stage of a semiconductor manufacturing device includes at least one first bracket and at least one second bracket. The retention system rigidly secures the stage mirror to the wafer stage during movement of the wafer stage to reduce positional measurement errors. The at least one first bracket has a substantially planar first contact surface for engaging the reflective surface of the mirror. The first contact surface is a finished aluminum surface, which does not scratch the mirror surface. The at least one first bracket is formed with a gusset providing increased stiffness in the direction of movement of the wafer stage. The at least one second bracket includes an actuator for moving a substantially planar second contact surface into engagement with a rear surface of the mirror. In one embodiment, the actuator is a threaded fastener and the second contact surface is a finished polyimide resin tip.

Abstract: An optical detector is formed so that gate traces formed during molding of a lens member do not allow additional stray light to enter a light detecting element. A lens member for focusing incident light is mounted forward of a cylinder used for blocking extraneous light. An IC light detecting device used for range-finding is mounted behind the cylinder. The lens member has lens portions and a peripheral portion surrounding the lens portions. The lens portions and the peripheral portion are integrally molded from a transparent plastic material. Positioning protrusions extend from an outer peripheral surface of the lens member. Recessed portions in which the positioning protrusions can be engaged are formed in a front outer peripheral portion of the cylinder. Gate traces formed during molding are located in the positioning protrusions. Consequently, additional recessed portions are not needed to accommodate the gate traces.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter for a camera has a synchronous contact member that produces less chattering than conventional synchronous contact members. One end of an opening electromagnet and one end of a closing electromagnet are separately connected to the higher-potential side of a power supply for a CPU in the camera, and the other ends of the electromagnets are grounded. An output circuit has an inverter circuit made up of a transistor and two resistors. A driver voltage for energizing the closing electromagnet is applied to the base of the transistor via a first resistor. The collector of the transistor is connected to the higher-potential side of the power supply via a second resistor. The emitter of the transistor is connected to the lower-potential side of the power supply. First and second voltage signals are produced from an output terminal on the side of the collector.

Abstract: A test mark, as well as methods for forming and using the test mark to facilitate the measurement of the critical dimensions of etched features in semiconductor and other wafer level processing is described. The test marks may be used to characterize, calibrate and/or monitor etch performance. Test marks are defined by imaging (typically at partial exposures) overlapping, angularly offset lines in a resist that covers a layer to be etched. The lines preferably have line widths that are equal (or related) to a critical dimension of interest. After the resist is developed and otherwise processed, the layer is etched as appropriate, thereby creating the test marks. The test marks are then imaged to facilitate the determination of a geometric parameter of each mark. Most commonly, the geometric parameter determined relates to the area of the mark and/or the length of its major dimension.

Abstract: A double-shielding type focal-plane shutter has a closing blade and an opening blade for closing and opening a shutter opening to perform an exposure operation. A closing lever and an opening lever drive the closing blade and the opening blade, respectively. The closing lever has a first closing lever and a second closing lever supported coaxial with each other for undergoing pivotal movement. The second closing lever has a drive portion at a first end thereof for driving the closing blade and an engagement portion at a second end thereof. A lock lever restricts movement of the closing lever. The lock lever has a first mating engagement portion for engaging the engagement portion of the second closing lever in the predetermined position of the closing lever, and a second mating engagement portion for engaging the engagement portion of the second closing lever short of the predetermined position thereof.

Abstract: A shutter for a camera comprises sectors for opening and closing a shutter opening by reciprocal pivotal movement, a motor for reciprocally and pivotally moving the sectors by forwardly and reversely rotating a rotor of the motor by forward and reverse electricity conduction to a coil, a memory circuit having stored therein electricity conduction data of the coil corresponding to operational characteristics of the motor and the sectors, and a control circuit for controlling electricity conduction to the coil in accordance with a brightness of an object to be photographed and executing exposure control in accordance with the brightness of the object. The electricity conduction data includes reverse pulses for rotating the rotor in a direction reverse to a direction of opening the sectors for reducing acceleration of the sectors during opening movement thereof, and forward pulses for rotating the rotor in the direction of opening the sectors for continuing the opening movement of the sectors.