Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl amine oxides of the following formula: ##STR1## where C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 is a straight or branched perfluorinated chain, n is a whole number from 1 to 20, a is a whole number from 2 to 10, p is a whole number from 0 to 10, R.sub.1 is either a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyl radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the use of the amine oxides as surface active agents particularly in fire extinguishing compositions.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of .alpha.-acetoxy-.alpha.-methyl-N,N'-diacetylmalonamide wherein hydrocyanic acid or a cyanide is reacted in a first step with acetic anhydride and then in a second step the reaction mixture so obtained is treated with acetic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst, wherein the first step is carried out in the presence of a catalyst based on anion exchange resins in which the functional groups are quaternary ammonium or tertiary amine, such .alpha.-acetoxy-.alpha.-methyl-N,N'-diacetylmalonamides being very useful as activators in bleaching and cleaning compositions which are thus active at lower temperatures.

Abstract: Processes for the continuous preparation of high concentration sodium hypochlorite which controls sodium chloride formed to prevent fouling of heat exchanger equipment and to provide sodium chloride particle sizes on the order of 400 microns or greater to facilitate filtration and reduce the mother liquor retention in the salt, which processes comprise reacting in two stages pure chlorine or chlorine diluted with inert gases with a sodium hydroxide having a concentration of from about 20 to about 50 weight percent, in which the first stage of chloration of the sodium hydroxide is carried out in an absorption column wherein the concentration of sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide are respectively limited to 15% and 4.5% by weight, and in the second stage of chloration, the sodium hypochlorite solution leaving the absorption column is treated with pure chlorine or chlorine diluted with inert gases in a crystallizer equipped with suitable agitation.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalysts for gaseous phase fluorination of aliphatic chlorinated derivatives by hydrofluoric acid. The catalysts comprise chromium oxide microspheres obtained by a sol-gel process. This invention also relates to gaseous phase fluorination processes for aliphatic chlorinated derivatives utilizing these catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable solutions of .epsilon.-caprolactone by means of the oxidation of cyclohexanone by a percarboxylic acid containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms. According to the invention, the percarboxylic acid is in the form of a crude solution, such as that resulting from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of a boric acid catalyst with the continuous elimination of water by azeotropic entrainment.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride by the condensation of methyl chloride, obtained from methane or from methanol, followed by an oxychlorination of the condensation products and then by a dehydrochlorination.The condensation of methyl chloride preferably takes place in the presence of a catalyst selected from an aluminosilicate or an oxide, oxyhalide or sulfide of a transition metal of Groups IV, V, VI and VII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Thermoplastic resin compositions comprising a thermoplastic resin capable of biaxial orientation and an additive resin, having a molecular weight above 10.sup.6, compatible with said thermoplastic resin and selected from a homopolymer of a vinyl monomer or a copolymer of at least two vinyl monomers.

Abstract: Processes for desizing and bleaching fabrics in a single operation in a bath comprising sodium chlorite and a base such as sodium hydroxide, desirably together with an activating agent, an enzyme preparation based on a starch-degrading enzyme, and a surfactant, the processes affording substantial savings in water, steam, labor and investment costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to supported superacidic catalysts comprising C.sub.4 -C.sub.18, preferentially C.sub.6 to C.sub.12, perfluorinated alkanesulfonic acid absorbed on suitable supports, such as fluoridated alumina, alumina silica and other chalcides having bonded thereto subsequently a Lewis acid compound selected from the higher valency fluorides of the elements of Groups IIA, IIIA, IVB, VA or VIB of the Periodic Table. The invention includes a process for catalytic transformation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fluorinated compound of the general formulaR.sub.F C.sub.2 H.sub.4 ORcomprising reacting an iodide of the general formula R.sub.F C.sub.2 H.sub.4 I with a percarboxylic acid of the general formula R.sup.1 CO.sub.3 H at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form said fluorinated compound; in said formulae R.sub.F is a straight or branched chain perfluorinated radical containing 1 to 20 C atoms, R is a hydrogen atom or --COR.sup.1, and R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical.

Abstract: New products and compositions of matter complying with the general formula:[C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 --CH.sub.2 --.sub.b SO.sub.2 --Z].sub.d Mwherein: C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 represents a straight or ramified branched perfluorinated chain: n represents a whole number between 1 and 20, b is a whole number between 2 and 20, preferably equal to 2 or 4, Z represents a chlorine, bromine or an oxygen atom (when Z is a chlorine or a bromine atom, M is nothing and d is equal to 1), when Z is an oxygen atom: M is a hydrogen atom in which case, d is equal to 1, M is a metal of the Groups I.sub.A, II.sub.A, I.sub.B, II.sub.B, VIII of the periodic table, the ammonium radical, the aluminum or the lead radical, and in which case d represents the valence of this metal and methods for preparing new products as illustrated by the following representative reactions.

Abstract: Resorcinol is prepared in high yield and purity by an improved process through superacid (such as perfluorinated alkanesulfonic acids of one to eighteen carbon atoms or polymeric perfluorinated resinsulfonic acids, such as acidified Nafion-H, catalyzed cleavage rearrangement reaction of meta-bis(2-hydroperoxy-2-propyl)benzene (meta-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide). Part of the process is the preparation of needed meta-diisopropylbenzene in high purity (98-100%) substantially free of other isomers by treating any mixture of diisopropylbenzenes with an excess of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride or a perfluorinated alkanesulfonic acid of one to eighteen carbon atoms and a Lewis acid fluoride, or by alkylating (transalkylating) cumene with a propyl alkylating agent in the aforementioned superacid systems.

Abstract: Resorcinol is prepared in high yield and purity by an improved process through superacid (such as perfluorinated alkanesulfonic acids of one to eighteen carbon atoms or polymeric perfluorinated resinsulfonic acids, such as acidified Nafion-H, catalyzed cleavage rearrangement reaction of meta-bis(2-hydroperoxy-2-propyl)benzene (meta-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide). Part of the process is the preparation of needed meta-diisopropylbenzene in high purity (98-100%) substantially free of other isomers by treating any mixture of diisopropylbenzenes with an excess of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride or a perfluorinated alkanesulfonic acid of one to eighteen carbon atoms and a Lewis acid fluoride, or by alkylating (transalkylating) cumene with a propyl alkylating agent in the aforementioned superacid systems.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of pure alumina powders or pure non-stoichiometric alumina-magnesia spinel powders starting with ammonium alum-based compositions which are dehydrated, the dehydration being carried out on dehydrated salts having a bulk density less than 0.2 kg/dm.sup.3 and wherein the dehydration is followed by a calcination with a heating schedule containing at least one intermediate stage at 750.degree. to 850.degree. C., the process of the invention permitting the reproducible production of such aluminas or spinels having specific surfaces of from 100 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and characterized by a very high homogeneity which guarantees a rigorously unimodal pore structure, such aluminas and spinels being useful in preparing isotopic enrichment barriers for gaseous diffusion, as well as metal polishes, catalysts, and catalyst supports.

Abstract: A process for preparing uranium peroxide in a fluidized bed by precipitation of a uranium peroxide solution obtained from the reaction of uranyl sulfate or uranyl nitrate solutions having a concentration of uranium between about 0.5 and 300 g/L and a hydrogen peroxide solution having a concentration of from about 5 to about 70% by weight at a pH of from about 2.5 to about 4 and a temperature of from about 0.degree. to about 60.degree. C.; together with the easily handled uranium peroxide product so produced, these products being characterized by their substantially spherical form, their mean diameter of from about 30 to about 130 microns, their untamped bulk density of about 1.9 to about 2 g/cm.sup.3, and their Carr scale flowability of at least 95, with a sodium ion content below 300 ppm, such uranium peroxides being useful intermediates for producing nuclear fuel with great safety of manipulation and low sodium content.

Abstract: Pyrimidine compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is alkyl, one of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 is chlorine or bromine and the two others are respectively --NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 and --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aryl substituted by alkyl, hydroxy, chlorine, bromine or ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl, or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked a nitrogenous heterocyclic radical other than piperazino and substituted piperazino, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aryl substituted by alkyl, hydroxy, chlorine, bromine or ##STR3## wherein R is as defined above, or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked a nitrogenous heterocyclic radical other than piperazino and substituted piperazino, at least one of the substituents --NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 being NH.sub.

Abstract: Improved recycle processes for preparing hydrogen peroxide to hydrogenating alkylanthraquinone in a solvent to form hydrogenated alkylanthraquinone, treating the resulting liquid with an oxygen-containing gas to form hydrogen peroxide and regenerate the quinone, extracting the hydrogen peroxide with water, and recycling the quinone, wherein the quinones are 2-ethylanthraquinone (EAQ) and 2-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroanthraquinone (H.sub.4 EAQ) and losses of quinone are made up exclusively with H.sub.4 EAQ, the solvent being methylcyclohexyl acetate and a nine carbon-atom alkylbenzene, these processes providing reduced losses of the active intermediate and improved operation of the hydrogen peroxide production unit.

Abstract: Phosphorus-containing flame proofing mixtures with low crystallization temperatures and with the ability significantly to improve the flame resistance of materials without adversely affecting the other properties of the materials, the mixtures being principally comprised of phosphonates having the structure: ##STR1## wherein X is chloro or bromo; Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 are the same or different and are --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or ##STR2## and R is CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 Cl, and the molar ratio of the --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --X groups to the total of --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --X and the --CH.sub.2 --CHR--X groups is from 2 to 90%, these flame proofing mixtures being usable with both synthetic and natural materials, together with the flame-resistive natural and synthetic materials so made.

Abstract: A process for the decomposition of complexes of ortho-benzoyl benzoic acids, hydrogen fluoride, and boron trifluoride, whether or not the ortho-benzoyl benzoic acid is substituted, is disclosed wherein the ortho-benzoyl benzoic acid is obtained separately from the hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride. This process is characterized in that the complex is treated with an inert solvent at a temperature of at least 20.degree. C., in a distillation column having at least about 8 theoretical plates whereby the solvent reflux is operated at a rate equal to about 5 to about 40 times the weight of the feed delivery rate of the column.The process of the present invention also makes it possible to recover hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride for reuse as catalysts in the synthesis of ortho-benzoyl benzoic acid without causing decomposition of the acid.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of high purity alumina containing less than 0.1 weight percent of residual chlorine starting from impure aluminum chloride solutions, which process comprises a crystallization step to provide aluminum chloride hexahydrate crystals having a diameter of from about 400 to about 4000 micrometers in the presence of hydrochloric acid; washing the aluminum chloride hexahydrate crystals so obtained with pure hydrochloric acid; and pyrohydrolyzing the washed crystals of aluminum chloride hexahydrate at a temperature of from about 700.degree. to about 1300.degree. C., in which pyrohydrolysis a gas is forced through a layer of the washed aluminum chloride hexahydrate so as to remove the gaseous reaction products while obviating any possible movement of the solid by the gas, the process particularly producing transition aluminas simultaneously having a specific surface area greater than 100 m.sup.2 /g and a chlorine content less than 0.1 weight percent.