Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for combining the handle of a surgical instrument with a force feedback generator, able to create resistance to motion similar to that encountered in a real operating environment. The working end of the surgical instrument is recreated in a virtual environment and manipulated by the modified handle through the force feedback generator. Actions of the instrument handle modify a model and display of the virtual environment and transmit a haptic response back to the handle. The devices and methods provide a means for repeatedly performing maneuvers that accurately simulate the actual instrument, but in the virtual environment. The virtual environment is modeled to accurately simulate the use of the instrument including manipulation of and collisions with other virtual objects, such as surgical thread or internal tissues. Training and assessment tools are also provided that coach or assess a user's proficiency with the instrument.

Abstract: A motorcycle glove structure comprises a system for protecting the fingers, made with a double layer of plastic, the first layer of which is injected directly and coextensively onto a flat part made of leather or similar material or fabric. The second layer made of impact and abrasion resistant plastic is injection-molded over the first layer and preferably has projections opposite the minor knuckles. The structure also comprises a shield which is made of impact and abrasion resistant plastic applied to the back of the hand and which has at the front portions shaped so as to mate with projections formed at the end of said second layer for protecting the fingers, said co-operating projections being positioned opposite the major knuckles of the hand.

Abstract: A dielectric antenna includes at least one dielectric unit. Each dielectric unit is separated into a first region and a second region, and the second region could have a bending portion. A conductor covers a surface of the second region of the dielectric unit to form a waveguide structure. The waveguide structure has a first endpoint connected to the first region and a second endpoint serving as a signal feeding terminal for feeding or receiving signals.

Abstract: A method of managing a terminal and controlling an interference in a small base station is provided. The small base station, including: an access preamble control unit to assign a unique preamble for each terminal registered in the small base station; a transmitting/receiving unit to receive a random access request message from each of the terminals through the unique preamble, to transmit a reply message to each of the terminals, and to receive information about each of the terminals and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection request Message from each of the terminals in response to the reply message; and a terminal verification unit to verify whether each of the terminals is a registered terminal using the information about each of the terminals.

Abstract: A shunt plate is provided that is associated with a first side of a multi-pole magnetic structure. The shunt plate provides a magnetic short between opposite polarity magnetic sources on the first side of said magnetic structure, the magnetic short causing a magnetic flux of said opposite polarity magnetic sources to be routed from said first side of the magnetic structure through said magnetic structure to the second side of said magnetic structure. The thickness of the shunt plate is selected by determining the integrated flux across a magnetic source of the magnetic structure such that the corresponding flux density in the shunt plate does not substantially exceed the flux density saturation level of a cross section of the shunt plate.

Abstract: A software authorization system has a server end and a user end. A software authorization method includes acquiring a software identification code of a protected software when the user end downloads the protected software from the server end; transmitting the software identification code and an inherent user identification code to the server end; acquiring a first key and main key by the server end according to the user identification code and the software identification code, respectively, so as to generate a second key by operating the main key and the first key and transmit the second key to the user end; restoring the main key by the user end with the second key combined with the first key; and decrypting the protected software by the main key. Therefore, the protected software is hard to be decrypted.

Abstract: Disclosed is a DC-DC converter, including: a switch unit configured to generate output voltage for driving a load; an output voltage monitoring unit including a reference voltage generator generating reference voltage and a reference voltage capacitor maintaining the reference voltage when power of the reference voltage generator is interrupted and configured to generate a signal for setting the output voltage as the reference voltage; a switch controlling unit configured to control the switch unit by being operated in a pulse width modulation (PWM) mode or a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode by using the signal of the output voltage monitoring unit; and a mode determining and power interrupting unit configured to set an operating mode of the switch controlling unit as the PWM mode or the PFM mode according to a magnitude of the load and interrupt power of the reference voltage generator when operated in the PFM mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless communication signal peak-to-average power ratio reduction, method. The method comprises calculating a peak envelope from an envelope of an input signal using a clipping threshold; smoothing the peak envelope using a window function; mapping the smoothed peak envelope to an attenuation function using the clipping threshold; and applying the attenuation function to the input signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a device for processing an image by using image division capable of simultaneously minimizing deterioration of an image quality due to an error in a transmission line and further improving compression efficiency in performing compression and restoration of an image signal by using multiple processors. The method of processing an image by using image division according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes dividing an image frame into multiple subblocks having a predetermined pixel size; constituting multiple macroblocks by sampling respective pixels positioned at an identical position within a predetermined number of subblocks; and constituting multiple slices by dividing the multiple macroblocks based on the positions of the sampled pixels within the subblock.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic signal conversion apparatus and an operation method of the electronic signal conversion apparatus, including: a first converter to perform a compression and conversion of an input signal to a digital signal based on a first sampling; a second converter to perform a compression and conversion of the input signal to the digital signal based on a second sampling different from the first sampling; and a processor to restore the input signal using an output signal of the first converter and an output signal of the second converter.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to generating video data using temporally offset image data samples having disparate exposure times. Synthetic samples are generated for each of the pixels at a particular time period by computing, for each synthetic sample, a combined intensity of the captured samples that fall within the time period. Synthetic samples from adjacent pixels are grouped and image data in different groups is compared to identify matching groups. Video frames are constructed by combining image data from the captured samples based upon the matched images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-stick coated electrosurgical diathermy instrumentation, comprising: a handle portion; an isolation tube, connected to the handle portion by one end thereof; an instrument portion, connected to another end of the isolation tube, wherein an anti-sticking layer is formed on the surface of the instrument portion; and an electrode, connected to the handle portion and an external conductive member. In the present invention, the instrument portion is able to generate heat when the conductive member conducts electricity to the instrument portion.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically producing a tin/lithium oxide composite thin film includes providing a solution comprising 10?3 to 10?2 M lithium nitrate and 10?4 to 10?3 M stannic chloride or stannous chloride; electrodepositing the tin/lithium oxide composite thin film on a conductive substrate with a reference electrode of Ag/AgCI and a voltage of 900 to 1500 mV; and drying the tin/lithium oxide composite thin film at a temperature of 15 to 40° C. and a relative humidity of at least 75%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins and aromatics, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a0) providing a first portion and a second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock, a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing at least 10 membered ring pore openings or larger in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone; c) contacting the first portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-cont

Abstract: A system and method for detecting broadband global positioning system (GPS) jamming is provided, the system including a local oscillator maintainer to maintain a plurality of local oscillators, a frequency band selector to select a frequency band in which jamming is to be detected, in response to receipt of a radio frequency (RF) signal, an oscillating signal output unit to allow an oscillating signal to be output from a local oscillator identified based on the selected frequency band, among the plurality of local oscillators, and an intermediate frequency (IF) signal generator to generate an IF signal using the RF signal and the oscillating signal.

Abstract: A dictionary of atoms for coding data is learned by first selecting samples from a set of samples. Similar atoms in the dictionary are clustered, and if a cluster has multiple atoms, the atoms in that cluster are merged into a single atom. The samples can be acquired online.

Abstract: Provided are processes for making one or more unsaturated oligomeric acids and one or more saturated hydrocarbons. In one form, a process for making one or more saturated hydrocarbons includes oligomerizing one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids having from 4 to 38 carbon atoms in the presence of a molecular sieve catalyst to form one or more unsaturated oligomeric acids including less than 90% by weight of cyclic oligomers, and hydrogenating the one or more unsaturated oligomeric acids via contact with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form one or more saturated hydrocarbons. The oligomerizing of unsaturated fatty acids is from renewable biological sources to form dimer acids. The one or more saturated hydrocarbons are useful as lubricant base oils.

Abstract: A three-dimensional microwell system that supports long term pluripotent cell culture and formation of homogeneous embryoid bodies (EBs) is described. Microwell-cultured pluripotent cells remain viable and undifferentiated for several weeks in culture and maintain undifferentiated replication when passaged to Matrigel®-coated, tissue culture-treated polystyrene dishes. Microwell-cultured pluripotent cells maintain pluripotency, differentiating to each of the three embryonic germ layers. Pluripotent cell aggregates released from microwells can be passaged for undifferentiated replication or differentiated to monodisperse EBs. The ability to constrain pluripotent cell growth in three dimensions advantageously provides for more efficient, reproducible culture of undifferentiated cells, high-throughput screening, and the ability to direct pluripotent cell differentiation by generating monodisperse EBs of a desired size and shape.

Abstract: An enterosoluble and intestinal-enzyme-biodegradable material is provided. The enterosoluble and intestinal-enzyme-biodegradable material includes a modified amylopectin, wherein at least one of hydrogen atoms is replaced by —CO—(CH2)n—COOH (n is 2-4) and the modified amylopectin has an acid value of 35-180 mg KOH/g. The disclosure also provides a method for preparing an enterosoluble and intestinal-enzyme-biodegradable material.