Abstract: A metering valve includes a piezoelectric cylinder connected via a spring biased needle to a valving element for closing a metering opening. To compensate for slow changes in the length of the piezoelectric control member, there is provided a damping piston connected axially to the piezoelectric member and being movable in a well formed in the valve housing and defining with the end face of the piston a damping chamber. A tubular membrane surrounds a portion of the damping piston and is attached to the piezoelectric member and to an inner wall of the housing around the opening of the well to define with the piston an annular equalizing space. The damping and equalizing spaces are filled with liquid and communicate with one another via a narrow throttling gap formed between facing walls of the well and of the piston.

Abstract: A steady or slowing changing analog signal affected with noise is sampled and held at the sampling rate of a following analog to digital converter and has a rectangular a.c. signal superimposed on it before it is supplied to the converter. This is done in such a way that when the analog signal is in the middle range between quantization steps, the least significant bit (LSB) is well defined. When the analog signal is close to a quantization threshold, the superimposed rectangular pulses change the LSB values back and forth and comparison of successive values is used to suppress changes in LSB value. On the other hand, if the analog signal is changing more rapidly through quantization steps, the circuit does not interfere with digital output changes. The system can be used during the vertical blanking intervals of a television signal for digitizing an analog voltage corresponding to a blending voltage for a video signal.

Abstract: An electrical machine is suggested, in particular an electrical commutated brushless direct current motor or tacho-alternator with a preferably permanent magnetic excitation and air slot winding, wherein the individual coils of the air slot winding are subdivided into at least two partial coils (14a,b to 21a,b) and are arranged in such a manner that the subsequent partial coils (14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21) encompass the preceding partial coils at both sides from the outside in the circumferential direction uniformlly large induced voltages are obtained when switching the different partial coils in series, so that a high running quietness is obtained in the motor operation and a low fluctuation is assured in the generated voltage in the alternator operation.

Abstract: Digital color television signals intended to be recorded in serial bit form are first subjected to predistortion to compensate for nonlinear distortion digitally computed for each serial bit on the basis of the pattern established by a predetermined number of precursor bits, which requires digital to analog conversion of the multibit parallel output of the predistortion computation. The converted output is then filtered on an analog basis to compensate for linear distortion, as by emphasizing the higher frequencies. In reproduction, the similar combination of analog and digital distortion compensation is used, first filtering and then, after retrieving the bit clocking frequency and phase, analog to digital conversion and compensation for nonlinear distortion by programmed interpretation of a parallel multibit input to select correctly the bits of an output serial bit stream. The latter can be subjected to conversion into the usual eight bit parallel color television signals.

Abstract: A pivoting armature which functions as part of an electric control motor is rotatably supported on a shaft in a housing of the electric control motor and has a pole carrier on which pole shoes are mounted, the pole shoes being joined to the pole carrier in a rotationally fixed manner. The pole shoes can be produced by sintering or welding on a pole shoe ring that is pressed onto the pole carrier, or by stacks of laminates.

Abstract: A pressure switch assembly includes an electric switch which is actuated in response to a preselected pressure in a pressure line. The assembly includes an activating rod which is engageable with the electric switch. The activating is acted upon by opposing forces from the pressure and a spring. The spring bears against a stop ring which is threadedly mounted so as to be displaceable in order to adjust the spring force. The stop ring is rotated by rotating a cover portion of the switch housing, the cover being connected to the stop ring. Thereafter, the cover is locked against rotation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detecting an extreme value position of a movable part by means of a position detecting sensor. The method is especially suitable for detecting the idle position of the throttle flap of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a potentiometer. In this method, a stored value (extreme value) corresponding to the extreme position is corrected upon the detection of deviating measured values, provided that the deviating measured values lie within a correction range around the extreme value. The range of movement of the movable part has to lie within the range coverable by the position sensor. After a predetermined number of identical measured values are sensed in the correction range during an operating cycle, such a measured value is stored in memory as the new extreme value. For dynamic adaptation, this next extreme value is modified cyclically, preferably prior to each operating cycle, by a predetermined value away from the outermost position.

Abstract: To provide for reliably sealing conductors or cables into a plug connector housing, the plug connector housing is formed with bores (2) in each of which a sealing bushing or sleeve (5) is located surrounding the outer insulating jacket (3a) of the conductor or cable. To protect the seals and prevent distortion and damage to the seals upon bending of the cables, and end seating and retaining part is received in an end recess (9) of the housing . The end seating and retaining part, in accordance with the invention, is formed of two half elements (11, 12) which surround the cables (3) and extend through the recess (9) from the bores (2) towards the end of the housing. The two elements (11, 12), each, are retained in the housing by a projection-and-recess snap-in connection (21, 23; 22, 24), and the two elements permit easy assembly which can be automated for mass production.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for rinsing and drying thin wafers such as silicon wafers or other disc-like substrates or elements wherein the wafers are rinsed in a hot water bath while supported in a conventional slotted carrier. The wafers are dried by slowly, raising the wafers out of the water bath such that the water surface tension at the surface of the water bath evenly and effectively draws off water from the rising surfaces of the wafers. A novel lift mechanism is provided for slowly and independently lifting the wafers and the cassette in which the wafers were supported during rinsing through the surface of the water such that there is no contact between the wafers and the cassette or between the wafers and any other object or between the cassette and any other object at the point where the cassette and wafers move through the surface of the water.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing and filling tubular bag packages includes a shaping mandrel, about which a sheet of packaging material is shaped into a tube and an open end of the tube is filled with one portion of a product at a time and separated from the formed tube. For sending the portions of the product gently and quickly through the hollow shaping mandrel, a feed apparatus is disposed in the mandrel. The feed apparatus has a plurality of spaced flaps pivotably connected at equal intervals to two synchronous belt drives. In a feed conduit of the shaping mandrel, these flaps define downwardly moved chambers which receive portions of the product and transport them to the lower end of the shaping mandrel, and then, through a relatively narrow return conduit in the shaping mandrel, the flaps return upward again in an upright position by the belts.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for fabricating drip irrigation tape from a water impervious polyethelene film. A shaping assembly with a water-cooled vacuum drum preforms a groove along one edge, a folding device folds the strip lengthwise to form a first conduit, and a sealing assembly with an electrically-heated heat sealing wheel joins the edges along opposite sides of the groove to form a seam in which the groove defines a secondary conduit that is resistant to deformation. Flat spots on a pair of outwardly-extending annular ribs around the circumference of the heat sealing wheel produce breaks in the seam for inlet ports and outlet ports.

Abstract: The high pressure sensor includes a housing part, a lid closing the same and an intermediary disposed sensor disk. A cylindrical pressure chamber is formed in the housing, wherein an inner area of the sensor disk is disposed in a sealed off manner. In this area the measuring sensors are disposed in form of piezoresistive layer resistors. Layer conductors penetrate from this inner area into an outer area, wherein evaluation circuits and the evaluation electronic are disposed. The total sensor disk is provided with one or a plurality of glass layers in such a manner that a flat surface is obtained. Pressure changes of the pressure medium are picked up in the pressure chamber by the measuring sensors and are processed accordingly. Such a high pressure sensor is relatively simple and advantageous in its use.

Abstract: A 3/3 way control valve including a three-stage electromagnet for controlling a hydraulic working cylinder that actuates a control member of an injection system, including a winding of the electromagnet the axis of which extends crosswise to the axis of an armature and directional control valve and in which the pole pieces of the pole legs of the yoke are unequally polarized. The armature is actuated counter to a restoring spring and slides between two corresponding cylindrical hollow faces of the pole pieces which act as a proportional magnet, and in which the winding and in part the yoke have an extrusion coat of insulating plastic.

Abstract: By a special structure the conductor paths between connection prongs at one end of an electric circuit unit and circuit components located on two circuit boards are greatly shortened. The circuit boards are connected at their ends remote from the connector prongs by studs that releasably snap together while a flexible flat conductor makes connections between the two circuit boards. The two circuit boards are electrically and mechanically connected with separable parts of a plug connector each carrying at least one row of prongs projecting into a plug-in space of a receptacle body. One of these separable parts is integrated into a receptable body, which is provided with an aperture through which the other plug connector part can be slipped and locked into place after the boards have been electrically connected together at their far ends and the circuits have been checked.

Abstract: A method is proposed for operating an internal combustion engine with decomposition gas generated by gasifying methanol into hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a gasification reactor. The enthalpy necessary for gasifying the methanol is obtained from the heat of the exhaust gas of the engine. To attain high efficiency and high power, the decomposition gas is injected at high pressure directly into the combustion chamber of the engine.

Abstract: A relief valve for relieving pressure in a system and sealing the same from incoming rain or other moisture or foreign material after relief of pressure. The valve has a spring biased piston which operates internally of the valve to relieve pressure, then reseal in an air-tight manner.

Abstract: Emergency escape platform apparatus including an escape platform disposed in spaced apart relation from a drilling platform and joined to the drilling platform by escape bridge apparatus. Two flexible base cables are connected in tension horizontally adjacent between the escape platform and the drilling platform. Two flexible hand cables are connected in tension horizontally adjacent to one another and vertically adjacent respectively above the base cables. A plurality of vertical spacer bars are vertically connected between a respective base cable and a respective hand cable at selected intervals. Cable tensioning apparatus connects the base cables and the hand cables for maintaining the cables under selected tension while permitting relative movement between the escape platform and the drilling platform. Light weight walkway structure is horizontally disposed between and connects the base cables to provide a walkway for individuals between the drilling platform and the escape platform.

Abstract: A container arrangement for supplying with an oil a hydraulic system and a transmission of a vehicle, the arrangement comprises an element containing a supply of an oil to be used both for a hydraulic system and a transmission of the vehicle, a lubricant pump for supplying the oil to the transmission, a hydraulic pump for supplying the oil to the hydraulic system, and an additional container located above an oil level in the element so that the hydraulic pump aspirates always filtered oil from the additional container for the hydraulic system.

Abstract: To detect if a tool bit, such as a drill, a saw blade, or the like, upon being worked into a wall, meets a metallic obstruction, such as a conduit, reinforcement rod, hydraulic pipe or the like, an alternating voltage, preferably between 2 and 20 kHz, is coupled through a coupling capacitor (9) to the tool bit, and current flow to the tool bit is detected by a current measurement stage (10; 31, 32) to disconnect energy to the drive motor (5), for example by disabling firing of a thyristor (15), or closing a valve of a compressed-air tool. The coupling capacitor should have a capacity small enough to provide high impedance to network power frequency, and to insure a substantial change in current being supplied to the tool bit holder, typically a chuck, if the tool bit meets a metallic object in the wall.