Abstract: Provided are a vertical nonvolatile memory device and a method for fabricating the vertical nonvolatile memory device. The vertical nonvolatile memory device can be integrated more highly as compared with a nonvolatile memory device of the related art. In addition, since the vertical nonvolatile memory device includes a selective diode, reading errors can be prevented.

Abstract: A method of automatically creating a natural image which may reduce the torment of creation which is a burden to a designer when creating a new image.

Abstract: Provided is a composite film used for a light emitting apparatus including a light emitting device. The composite film includes a fluorescent layer including phosphors and an optical plate disposed on the fluorescent layer, and diffusing, reducing or mixing at least one of light emitted by the light emitting device, light emitted by the phosphors and a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method of producing 1,3-butadiene by the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butene using a continuous-flow dual-bed reactor designed such that two kinds of catalysts charged in a fixed-bed reactor are not physically mixed. More particularly, a method of producing 1,3-butadiene by the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butene using a C4 mixture including n-butene and n-butane as reactants and using a continuous-flow dual-bed reactor in which a multi-component bismuth molybdate catalyst and a zinc ferrite catalyst having different reaction activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of n-butene isomers (1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diagnostic composition for autoimmune diseases, comprising agent measuring a methylation level of CD3Z gene, a diagnostic method and a kit using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition for diagnosing autoimmune diseases according to the methylation level of CD3Z gene, or additionally ADA or VHL gene, and a method for diagnosing autoimmune diseases by measuring the methylation level. The methylation of any one or more of the ADA, VHL, and CD3Z genes of the present invention is specific to autoimmune diseases, and thus the composition comprising an agent measuring a methylation level of the present invention can be used for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: A method for preparing [18F]fallypride is disclosed, which comprises a first step for trapping a fluorine-18 to a polymer ion exchange cartridge; a second step for extraction of fluorine-18 by inputting low base concentrations: 5.0˜25 ?L of 40% TBAHCO3 or K2.2.2./K2CO3 (5˜25 mg/0.5˜3.0 mg) as a phase-transfer catalyst in a mixture of alcohol/water (1.0/0.2 (v/v)) or alcohol as a solvent into the polymer ion exchange cartridge trapped by the fluorine-18; a third step for preparing a [18F]fallypride product by removing the solvent from the trapped fluorine-18, by inputting tosylate precursor in CH3CN as a solvent into a reactor and by reacting the same for 5˜35 minutes at 50˜120° C.; and a fourth step for preparing a pure [18F]fallypride by purifying the prepared [18F]fallypride product.

Abstract: Techniques for arranging materials on a substrate are provided. In one embodiment, a system may comprise a driver for providing a rotational force, an outer body having an inner surface, and an inner body having an outer surface and disposed within the outer body in a concentric relationship therewith. The inner body may be coupled to the driver to be rotated by the rotational force. The system may further comprise a coupler attached to the outer body in order to retain a substrate, which forms at least one patterned groove therein. A fluid channel, which may be defined between the inner and outer bodies, may be filled with a fluid medium containing materials such as nano materials. When the inner body rotates via the rotational force, the materials contained in the fluid medium may be arranged in the patterned groove of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to betaine or a composition comprising the same for accelerating liver regeneration, more particularly, a therapeutic pharmaceutical composition comprising betaine represented by formula 1 as an active ingredient for promoting the recovery of injured or resected liver to the normal liver. The most effective treatment for chronic liver disease, particularly in the terminal stage, is hepatectomy and liver transplantation. In Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT) that has been increasing since 1990, rapid regeneration of liver tissues is essential for both donor and recipient to inhibit complications and thus for the success of the treatment. Betaine accelerates the recovery and growth of injured liver to the normal liver, so that it can be effectively used for the successful LDLT or therapeutic hepatectomy.

Abstract: A titanium oxide nano tube material is configured so that crystal grains of a nano tube has a crystal structure oriented with the [001] direction of a tetragonal crystal system as a preferred direction. FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) of a rocking curve with respect to the (004) plane peak is 11.1 degrees to 20.3 degrees. The titanium oxide nano tube material has excellent photoelectric characteristics since the crystal grains of the nano tube are oriented with the (004) plane or the [001] direction of a tetragonal crystal system as a preferred direction.

Abstract: A method of recovering a nucleic acid sequence using a probe map includes: aligning a probe onto a target sequence based on a result in which the probe is hybridized to the target sequence; determining a representative value representing each aligned position of the probe; and recovering a base sequence of the target sequence by using a probe map to which the determined representative values and base sequence information of the probe are mapped.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a resistance random access memory comprising a first electrode, a thin film layer formed on the first electrode and including a resistance switching layer and a switching layer bonded to each other, and a second electrode formed on the thin film layer, and relates to a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of forming a light-absorbing layer of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, including: forming a polycrystalline silicon layer on a back electrode; forming an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer on the polycrystalline silicon layer; and heat-treating the transparent insulating substrate to vertically crystallize the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer using the polycrystalline silicon layer as a seed for crystallization through a metal induced vertical crystallization (MIVC) process to form the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer into a light-absorbing layer made of polycrystalline silicon, and is a method of fabricating a high-efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar cell using the light-absorbing layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, including: a back electrode formed on a transparent insulating substrate; an N-type polycrystalline silicon layer in which amorphous silicon is crystallized through MIC process, and in which electrons are accumulated; a light-absorbing layer which is formed by vertically crystallizing an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer using the polycrystalline silicon layer as a seed for crystallization through MIVC process, in which pairs of electrons and holes are generated in response to incident light, and which has a vertical column grain structure in which grains are arranged in the direction in which electrons and holes move; a P-type polycrystalline silicon layer which has the vertical column grain structure, and in which holes are accumulated; a transparent electrode layer; front electrodes; and an antireflection coating film, and is a method of fabricating the same.

Abstract: An article including a substrate, and a base layer formed on a surface of the substrate, and methods for treating the surface of the substrate are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a receiver in a cooperative diversity system including one or a plurality of relays. The receiver includes: a detection unit configured to detect each of signals transmitted from the one or more relays, the one or more signals being generated by the one or more relays and by interleaving a signal from a transmitter; a deinterleaver configured to deinterleave each of the detected signals; a decoder configured to decode and each of the deinterleaved signals thereby to output one or more decoded signals; and an interleaver configured to interleave each of the one or more decoded signals thereby to output one or more interleaved signals, wherein the detection unit receives the one or more interleaved signals and compares them with the respective detected signals to discriminate the original signal transmitted by the transmitter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silk nanofiber nerve conduit characterized in that fibroin nanofibers having a diameter of 200 to 400 nm, originated from silk fiber, are stacked layer upon layer to form a porous conduit-shape; and a method for producing thereof, more specifically, to a method for producing a silk nanofiber nerve conduit comprising: (Step 1) preparing a fibrous spinning solution; (Step 2) producing a silk nanofiber of conduit-shape by electrospinning the fibrous spinning solution prepared in step 1 into the cylindrical collecting part coated with polyethyleneoxide; and (Step 3) separating a silk nanofiber of conduit-shape produced in step 2 from the collecting part. The silk nanofiber nerve conduit of the present invention has excellent biocompatibility; allows the body fluid to be exchanged inter in and out of conduit through pores of the conduit, as well; has a proper elasticity, tensile strength, and tear strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for genomic DNA rearrangements, and more particularly, to a method for deletion, duplication, inversion, replacement, or rearrangement of genomic DNA using pairs of site-specific nucleases targeting two or more sites in the genome, a cell in which genomic DNA is deleted, duplicated, inverted, replaced, or rearranged by the same method, and a method for expressing the site-specific nucleases in cells. Further, the present invention relates to a method for inserting synthetic DNA molecules into the genome using site-specific nucleases targeting a pre-determined site in the genome, a cell in which DNA insertion occurs by the same method, and a method for expressing the site-specific nucleases in cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for hard tissue formation and dentin, or dental pulp regeneration comprising ameloblasts, apical bud cells, or its culture fluid as an active ingredient. The ameloblasts, apical bud cells, or its culture fluid promotes the differentiation of odontoblasts, human dental pulp stem cells and osteoblasts, increases DSPP promoter activity, induces dental pulp regeneration of dental pulp stem cells, and induces hard tissue formation significantly in vivo, so that they can be effectively used for a composition for promoting hard tissue formation and dentin or dental pulp regeneration.

Abstract: An apparatus and method creating a ghost-free High Dynamic Range Image (HDRI) based on filtering are provided. It is possible to effectively prevent a ghost phenomenon from occurring when a single HDRI is created from a plurality of LDRIs, by defining a ghost area using a probability based on a global transfer function indicating a relationship for intensities of several frames, rather than searching for or identifying a ghost area in a single or each image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for monitoring depletion of high-abundance and/or recovery of low-abundance proteins from blood in real time, comprising: (a) labeling high-abundance and/or low-abundance proteins of a blood specimen with a fluorescent or UV marker; and (b) passing blood samples containing the fluorescent or UV marker-labeled high-abundance and/or low-abundance proteins through a removal column.