Abstract: Provided are a method and system for detecting a bot in a Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG) online and in real time. By analyzing a communication pattern between a client and a server, the bot is detected based on parameters such as data length, inter-arrival time and data length auto correlation. Tests using respective parameters are combined to construct a global decision scheme, and thus more accurate detection results can be obtained. An integrated anti-bot defense system can be built by combining other tests such as a Turing test.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorinated benzothiazole derivatives, a preparation method thereof, and an imaging agent for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease using the same, and more particularly to fluorinated benzothiazole derivatives represented by Chemical Formula 1, derivatives of Chemical Formula 2 as a starting material for preparation thereof, a preparation method thereof, and an imaging agent for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease using fluorinated benzothiazole derivatives with a strong binding force to beta-amyloid plaque, which is a kind of biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. According to the present invention, fluorine-labeled benzothiazole derivatives, which have been difficult to synthesize by conventional methods, may be obtained by simple processes and the thus-obtained benzothiazole derivatives may be useful in diagnosing the presence and severity of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a Ninjurin1 expression or activity inhibitor for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory disease. Ninjurin1 protein is specifically expressed in macrophages around blood vessels, increases cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix adhesion, increases expressions of Wnt7b (Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7B) and Ang2 (angiopoietin-2), but reduces expression of Ang1 to induce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. In addition, Ninjurin1 protein is up-regulated when inflammation is induced and induces iNOS expression as well as increased NO generation. Therefore, the Ninjurin1 protein expression or activation inhibitor can be effectively used as an active ingredient of a composition for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel use of AIMP1 polypeptide, more particularly to a composition for diagnosis of arthritis comprising an antibody against AIMP1, a kit for diagnosis comprising the same, a method for diagnosis of arthritis comprising: acquiring a specimen from a subject; and detecting AIMP1 polypeptide included in the specimen, and an antibody against the AIMP1 polypeptide for diagnosis of arthritis. The present invention provides a composition for diagnosis of arthritis including an antibody against AIMP1 polypeptide as a novel diagnosis marker of arthritis, a kit for diagnosis including the same, a method for diagnosis of arthritis comprising: acquiring a specimen from a subject; and detecting AIMP1 polypeptide included in the specimen, and an antibody against the AIMP1 polypeptide for diagnosis of arthritis.

Abstract: An accelerator sensor that is mounted on an engine block may be used to detect vibration of a compression ignition engine, and the detected vibration signal is analyzed to determine the combustion timing of the engine. A method for detecting combustion timing may include measuring a block vibration signal generated in a combustion process of an engine, setting up a frequency area that is to be analyzed in the block vibration to divide the frequency area into wavelet scales, executing continuous wavelet transformations of the divided wavelet scales to extract respective result values thereof and to calculate differences between former result values and latter result values, comparing the calculated difference value with a predetermined value to store crank angles of pertinent timing if the calculated difference values exceed the predetermined value, and averaging the stored crank angles to determine combustion timing in a case that all wavelet scales are processed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flash memory device having a high degree of integration and high performance. The flash memory device has a double/triple gate structure where a channel is formed in a wall-shaped body. The flash memory device has no source/drain regions. In addition, although the flash memory device has the source/drain regions, the source/drain region are formed not to be overlapped with a control electrode. Accordingly, an inversion layer is induced by a fringing field generated from the control electrode, so that cell devices can be electrically connected to each other. The flash memory device includes a charge storage node for storing charges formed under the control electrode, so that miniaturization characteristics of cell device can be improved. According to the present invention, there is proposed a new device capable of improving the miniaturization characteristics of a MOS-based flash memory device and increasing memory capacity.

Abstract: Provided herein are apparatuses, systems and methods for generating concentration gradients of soluble molecules. Also, provided herein devices and methods for generating in vitro blood vessels.

Abstract: A three-dimensional stacked flash memory array having cut-off gate line and a fabricating method of the same are provided. The flash memory array enables to operate two memory cells by each word line, to produce a high integrity without limitation by vertical stacks of word lines, to increase operating speed and uniformity of electrical property between cells by using a single crystal substrate as a channel region, and to reduce a fabricating cost to a great amount by a fabricating method which is including steps of forming a plurality of trenches in a semiconductor substrate and stacking repeatedly a conductive material interlaid with an insulating layer from bottom of each trench to form a cut-off gate line and a plurality of word lines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorescent silica nanoparticles for detecting lymph node and identification method of lymph node using thereof. The functionalized silica nanoparticles containing fluorescent dye of this invention have a promising potential for sentinel node detection in the surgical field through fluorescent imaging.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flash memory device in which the distribution of threshold voltage is significantly reduced and the durability is improved even though a floating gate has a micro- or nano-size length. It comprises a tunneling insulation film formed on a semiconductor substrate; a multilayer floating gate structure comprising a first thin storage electrode, a second thick storage electrode, and a third thin storage electrode, defined in that order on the tunneling insulation film; an interelectrode insulation film and a control electrode formed in that order on the floating gate structure; and a source/drain provided in the semiconductor substrate below the opposite sidewalls of the floating gate structure. The novel flash memory device can be readily fabricated at a high yield through a process compatible with a conventional one.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for the diagnosis of exposure to electromagnetic radiation, comprising an agent capable of measuring the expression level of the diagnostic marker, a diagnosis kit comprising the same, a method for detecting the diagnostic marker, and a method for the diagnosis of exposure to electromagnetic radiation. The diagnostic markers are very useful for monitoring and diagnosing exposure to electromagnetic fields, and can be used as instruments by which physiological mechanisms incurred upon electromagnetic radiation exposure are examined.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating a high-performance field-effect transistor biosensor for diagnosing cancers using micro conductive polymer nanomaterials funtionalized with anti-VEGF aptamer. Disclosed is a high-sensitivity field-effect transistor biosensor for diagnosing cancers using a micro conductive polymer nanomaterial transistor array including a micro polymer nanomaterial transistor array including a channel region provided with a metal source electrode, a metal drain electrode, a gate and micro polymer nanomaterials, and an anti-VEGF aptamer covalently bound to the surface of the micro polymer nanomaterials constituting the channel region of the micro polymer nanomaterials transistor array, to target VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor).

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for the diagnosis of exposure to electromagnetic radiation, comprising an agent capable of measuring the expression level of the diagnostic marker, a diagnosis kit comprising the same, a method for detecting the diagnostic marker, and a method for the diagnosis of exposure to electromagnetic radiation. The diagnostic markers are very useful for monitoring and diagnosing exposure to electromagnetic fields, and can be used as instruments by which physiological mechanisms incurred upon electromagnetic radiation exposure are examined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel type of a needle-free drug delivery system in which strong energy such as a laser beam is focused inside liquid contained in a sealed pressure chamber to cause bubble growth and the volume expansion in the sealed pressure chamber due to the bubble growth so as to elongate an elastic membrane, so that an instantaneous pressure is applied to a drug solution contained in a drug microchamber adjacent to the elastic membrane to allow the drug solution to be injected in the form of a liquid microjet, thereby enabling the drug solution to rapidly and accurately penetrate into the bodily tissues of the patient.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a quantum dot, the method including: mixing of a Group II precursor and a Group III precursor in a solvent to prepare a first mixture; heating the first mixture at a temperature of about 200° C. to about 350° C.; adding a Group V precursor and a Group VI precursor to the first mixture while maintaining the first mixture at the temperature of about 200° C. to about 350° C. to prepare a second mixture; and maintaining the second mixture at the temperature of about 200° C. to about 350° C. to form a quantum dot.

Abstract: Disclosed are a quantum dot-block copolymer hybrid, methods of fabricating and dispersing the same, a light emitting device including the same, and a fabrication method thereof. The quantum dot-block copolymer hybrid includes; a quantum dot, and a block copolymer surrounding the quantum dot, wherein the block copolymer has a functional group comprising sulfur (S) and forms a chemical bond with the quantum dot.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amphiphilic peptide capable of promoting target miRNA production and a method for regulating the production of target miRNA using the same. In detail, the amphiphilic peptide of the present invention binds strongly and specifically to hairpin-shaped target miRNA. The specific binding affinity induces the Dicer enzyme activity, therefore specifically increase the production of target miRNA. The present invention can be effectively used for regulating the amount of target miRNA produced in vivo, for the study of miRNA functions and for producing therapeutic drug for target miRNA related disease.

Abstract: A resistance memory element, a phase change memory element, a resistance random access memory device, an information reading method thereof, a phase change random access memory device, and an information reading method thereof are provided. The resistance random access memory device includes an array of resistance memory element arranged in a matrix. Each resistance memory element includes a substrate in which a source region and a drain region are formed along the column direction and a channel region is formed between the source region and the drain region, a bit line formed on the channel region out of a conductive material to have a shape extending along the arrangement direction of the columns, a resistance switching layer formed on the bit line out of a material of which electrical resistance is switched by an electrical signal, and a word line formed on the resistance switching layer out of a conductive material to have a shape extending along the row direction.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatuses for making carbon nanotube (CNT) papers are provided. In one embodiment, a method for making a CNT paper may include disposing a structure having an edge portion including a relatively sharp edge into a CNT colloidal solution and withdrawing the structure from the CNT colloidal solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for inducing stem cells to differentiate into retinal cells at high yield within a short period of time, without gene implantation and co-culture with retinal tissues, by implementing a differentiation process similar to the in vivo embryonic development in chemically defined conditions. Also, retinal cells including the photoreceptor cells and their progenitor cells, and various types of other retinal cells, generated according to the method, are disclosed. A composition comprising the retinal cells and a method are provided for treating retinal degeneration-related diseases. The differentiated photoreceptor cells, when transplanted into degenerated or injured retinas, can be engrafted and fused within the retinas to prevent or cure retinal degeneration.