Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for inducing the proliferation of retinal cells or the differentiation of retinal progenitor cells into retinal cells. The composition, similar to in vivo conditions for development during embryogenesis, induces stem cells to differentiate into a multitude of photoreceptor cells at high yield within a short period of time, without an additional gene transfer. In addition, the differentiated photoreceptor cells are useful in cellular therapy because they, when transplanted into degenerated or injured retinas, can be engrafted and fused within the retinas to prevent or cure retinal degeneration.

Abstract: Provided is a detection apparatus of Raman scattering and light scattering, and more particularly, a simultaneous detection apparatus of Raman scattering and dynamic light scattering and a detection method using the same. The simultaneous detection apparatus of Raman scattering and light scattering includes: a detection unit for applying incident light to a sample, and detecting Raman scattering in 90° or 180° geometry and light scattering in 90° or 180° geometry in order to simultaneously collect Raman scattering and light scattering; and a computer connected to the detection unit to obtain at least one of the size and distribution of particles from the detected light scattering, and to obtain information of the molecular structure from the detected Raman scattering.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for power control of a mobile BS of variable backbone capacity. The method includes determining a link state and capacity of a backbone of the BS, and determining a link state and service capacity between the BS and a mobile communication terminal. The method also includes, if the capacity of the backbone is less than the service capacity, setting the backbone capacity similar to the service capacity by lowering a transmit power of the BS by a predefined value.

Abstract: An apparatus and method perform Transmit Power Control and Dynamic Frequency Selection (TPC/DFS) during a movement of a Base Station (BS). A network environment around the mobile BS is modeled. Based on the modeling result, a TPC/DFS operation scheme that is most suitable to the mobile BS is selected.

Abstract: Provided are a novel compound with a spiro chiral carbon backbone, a stereoisomer thereof, an enantiomer thereof, an in vivo hydrolysable precursor thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The novel compound with the spiro chiral carbon backbone has excellent osteoblast differentiation activity, mast cell inhibitory activity, and fatty acid synthesis inhibitory activity in the liver. Therefore, the novel compound can be expected to play an innovative role in treatment of osteoporosis, fatty liver, and obesity.

Abstract: A graphene electronic device may include a silicon substrate, connecting lines on the silicon substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode on the silicon substrate, and an interlayer dielectric on the silicon substrate. The interlayer dielectric may be configured to cover the connecting lines and the first and second electrodes and the interlayer dielectric may be further configured to expose at least a portion of the first and second electrodes. The graphene electronic device may further include an insulating layer on the interlayer dielectric and a graphene layer on the insulating layer, the graphene layer having a first end and a second end. The first end of the graphene layer may be connected to the first electrode and the second end of the graphene layer may be connected to the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a PVC product containing cyclodextrin derivative particles and capable of suppressing migration of a plasticizer and a method for manufacturing the same, which includes (S1) preparing cyclodextrin derivative particles, in which a hydroxyl functional group is replaced by a predetermined compound; (S2) inputting the cyclodextrin derivative particles, a water-based dispersion medium and a vinyl chloride monomer into a high-pressure reactor and performing polymerization to obtain cyclodextrin derivative particles-capsulated PVC particles, in which a plurality of the cyclodextrin derivative particles are dispersedly capsulated in PVC particles; and (S3) mixing the cyclodextrin derivative particles-capsulated PVC particles with a low molecular weight liquid plasticizer and molding the mixture in a predetermined shape using heat.

Abstract: A battery management system using a measurement model modeling a battery, and estimating a SOC (state-of-charge) of the battery, and a battery driving method thereof. The battery management system is constructed with a sensor, a predictor, a data rejection unit, and a measurement unit. The sensor senses a charging and discharging current flowing through the battery, a temperature of the battery, a terminal voltage of the battery. The predictor counts the charging and discharging current, and estimates the state-of-charge of the battery. The data rejection unit generates information associated with an error generated from the measurement model, as a function of at least one of the battery temperature, the charging and discharging current, the state-of-charge, and a dynamic of the charging and discharging current. The measurement unit corrects the estimated state-of-charge of the battery, using the measurement model and the information associated with the error.

Abstract: A negative electrode, a lithium battery employing the negative electrode, and a method of preparing the negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector. The negative electrode active material layer includes: composite negative electrode active material particles comprising tin (Sn), and conductive metal particles. The conductive metal particles form an intermetallic compound with the Sn, and an average particle size of the conductive metal particles is at least 10 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides an amphiphilic block copolymer, a method for manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell membrane using the same. According to preferred embodiments, the amphiphilic block copolymer may contain poly(arylene sulfone ether ketone) (PSEK) as a hydrophobic component and poly(sulfonated styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PSSAN) as a hydrophilic component. According to other preferred embodiments, polymer electrolyte membrane manufactured using the amphiphilic block copolymer has certain advantages in that the hydrogen ion conductivity is not reduced even at a high temperature of more than 100° C. but is rather increased and the thermal and chemical dimensional stability is excellent.

Abstract: Disclosed are a thin film transistor having high reliability and providing a simplified fabricating process, and a method of fabricating the thin film transistor. In the method, a dielectric substrate is prepared, a semiconductor layer is formed on the dielectric substrate, a gate dielectric film is formed on the semiconductor layer, a first gate electrode is formed on the gate dielectric film, a second gate electrode contacting a side wall of the first gate electrode is formed, and impurities are implanted into the semiconductor layer using the first gate electrode as a mask.

Abstract: Provided a flash memory cell stack, a flash memory cell stack string, a cell stack array, and a method of fabricating thereof. A flash memory cell stack includes a semiconductor substrate; a control electrode provided in a vertical pillar shape on a surface of the semiconductor substrate; an insulating film provided between the control electrode and the semiconductor substrate; a gate stack provided on a side surface of the control electrode; a plurality of first insulating films provided as layers on a side surface of the gate stack; a plurality of second doping semiconductor areas provided as layers on a side surface of the gate stack; and a first doping semiconductor area provided on side surfaces of the first insulating films and the second doping semiconductor areas, wherein the first insulating films and the second doping semiconductor areas are alternately provided as layers on the side surface of the gate stack.

Abstract: Provided are a method for removing and/or absorbing greenhouse gases using aquatic plant and/or algae having a greenhouse gas absorbing performance and resistance to toxic substances, a method for producing bioenergy using predators with high fatty acids, and a method for producing bioenergy including cultivating aquatic plant and/or algae having a greenhouse gas absorbing performance and resistance to toxic substances, while supplying a waste gas mixture to the aquatic plant and/or algae, (S2) cultivating predators having a capability to prey on the aquatic plant and/or algae while supplying the aquatic plant and/or algae to the predators, (S3) harvesting the predators, and (S4) converting the harvested predators into bioenergy.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus of imaging a subsurface of a target area. The apparatus includes: an observed wavefield acquiring unit configured to acquire an observed wavefield for a target area based on seismic data; a parameter storage configured to store a characteristic parameter for the target area; a modeled wavefield creator configured to create a modeled wavefield corresponding to the observed wavefield using the characteristic parameter stored in the parameter storage; an energy calculator configured to calculate accumulated energies of the observed wavefield and the modeled wavefield, wherein the accumulated energies are defined as energies accumulated over time with respect to the observed wavefield and the modeled wavefield; and a parameter updating unit configured to update the characteristic parameter stored in the parameter storage such that a difference between the accumulated energy of the observed wavefield and the accumulated energy of the modeled wavefield is minimized.

Abstract: A hyper-branched polymer, which is a product obtained by performing condensation polymerization reaction of a hyper-branched polymer composition including a diisocyanate-based compound and a dihydroxyamine-based compound, a cross-linked hyper-branched polymer, an electrode and electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell including the hyper-branched polymer or the cross-linked hyper-branched polymer, and a fuel cell including the electrode and the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for compensating for anode gain non-uniformity in a Multi-anode Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PS-PMT), in which a compensation unit is disposed between the multi-anode position sensitive photomultiplier tube and a position detection circuit unit and configured to uniform a current signal inputted to the position detection circuit unit, thereby compensating for anode gain non-uniformity. In accordance with the present invention, the compensation unit for changing resistance is used. Accordingly, there is an advantage in that the gain non-uniformity of each of the anodes of the PS-PMT can be compensated for. Furthermore, the gain non-uniformity of each of the anodes of the PS-PMT is compensated for by changing resistance values of the variable resistances of the compensation unit. Accordingly, there is an advantage in that the interaction positions of gamma rays can be calculated more precisely.

Abstract: A compound having an amino group at a terminal thereof and at least one amino group in a repeating unit, a cross-linked material of the compound, a double cross-linked polymer thereof, an electrolyte membrane and an electrode for a fuel cell, which include the cross-linked material of the compound or the double cross-linked polymer thereof, and a fuel cell including at least one of the electrolyte membrane and the electrode.

Abstract: A polymer composition, a cross-linked polymer formed therefrom, an electrolyte membrane and electrode for a fuel cell including the same, and a fuel cell employing the electrode and the electrolyte membrane. The cross-linked polymer includes an oxazine-based monomer capable of retaining phosphoric acid and has excellent mechanical strength. When the cross-linked polymer is used, an electrode and electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell with enhanced capability of retaining phosphoric acid at a wide range of temperature may be manufactured, leading to long-term durability, and enhanced proton conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel function of lysyl tRNA synthetase (KRS) which enhances tumor cell migration and affects cancer metastasis via KRS's interaction with laminin receptor (67LR) by its translocation to membrane. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for modulating cancer metastasis or migration, which comprises regulating intracellular levels of KRS; a composition for preventing or treating cancer; use of expression vector for inhibiting the expression of KRS; a method for preventing or treating cancer; use of an agent for inhibiting an activity of KRS; a method for screening an agent which modulates cancer metastasis or migration; and a method for screening an agent which inhibits the interaction of KRS with 67LR, by said novel function. Thus, KRS can modulate cancer metastasis or migration and furthermore, can modulate intra-cellular metabolism related to 67LR.

Abstract: A combustion system for a vehicle may include a piston in which a first combustion recess is formed in an upper end surface thereof, and at least one second combustion recess is further formed at the bottom of the first combustion recess, a first intake port and a second intake port for supplying a cylinder with air, and a controller that differently controls amounts of recirculation exhaust gas being supplied to the first intake port and the second intake port.