Abstract: An electrochromic element useful in an electrochromic glass or mirror device and a process for making such element. The element is a five-layered structure including an electrolyte ion conducting layer interposed between first and second inorganic electrochromic layers which are interposed between a pair of conductive electrodes. The first and second inorganic electrochromic layers are different and are capable of exhibiting color-forming properties complementary to one another upon the incorporation of an alkali metal or Ag ion, a mixture of alkali metal or Ag ions or a mixture of alkali metal or Ag and hydrogen ions. The electrolyte ion conducting layer may be a copolymer of ethylene oxide, butylene oxide or methyl glycidyl ether, and optionally a small amount of allyl glycidyl ether, along with an ionizable salt, or may be a polyurethane gel formed by reacting the copolymer with triisocyanate, along with an ionizable salt.

Abstract: An electrochromic element useful in an electrochromic glass or mirror device and a process for making such element. The element is a five-layered structure including an electrolyte ion conducting layer interposed between first and second inorganic electrochromic layers which are interposed between a pair of conductive electrodes. The second inorganic electrochromic layer is amorphous. The first and second inorganic electrochromic layers are different and are capable of exhibiting color-forming properties complementary to one another upon the incorporation of at least one H, Li, Na, K, Ag, Cu or Tl ion. The electrolyte ion conducting layer may be a copolymer of ethylene oxide, butylene oxide or methyl glycidyl ether, and optionally a small amount of allyl glycidyl ether, along with an ionizable salt, or may be a polyurethane gel formed by reacting the copolymer with triisocyanate, along with an ionizable salt.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which contains 1 to 99 wt. % of a zeolite related to faujasite and having a hexagonally symmetrical structure and an Si:Al ratio between 3 and 30. The compensation cations of this zeolite consist partly or wholly of cations of one or more elements chosen from H, B, Al, Ga, In, rare earth metals and transition metals. The catalyst can also contain up to 15%, referred to the total weight of the binder and zeolite, of a catalytically active metal of the noble, non-noble transition or other type which is not already present in the compensation cations of the zeolite. The catalyst can be used in acid catalysis reactions carried out on hydrocarbon feedstock, in particular in fluidized bed catalytic cracking.

Abstract: A method for plotting the surfaces in a 3D volume configured in the form of columns distributed over the nodes of a grid with the aid of 2D plotting algorithms by classifying the columns by way of a Peano-Hilbert curve.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with new chiral diphosphinite-borane compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, identical or different, represent each a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 aralkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryl group which can bear functional groups,R.sup.3 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 aralkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 aralkyloxy or C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryloxy group,Z represents a bridge linking the two phosphinite P atoms, said bridge being (i) a hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 12 catenary C atoms or (ii) a heterohydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 12 catenary C atoms and at least one catenary heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, S, Si, P and N.These chiral compounds are useful in the manufacture of chiral diphosphine compounds.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis for metal oxides of high specific surface area and high porosity which are particularly useful as catalyst supports. The process comprises forming a mixture of a salt of at least one metal and a molten salt medium comprising at least one alkali metal salt having an oxidizing effect, maintaining this mixture at the reaction temperature for the time necessary to convert the salt to oxide and thereafter isolating the metal oxide formed.

Abstract: Method for the chemical modification of proteins using a reagent of general formula ##STR1## obtained from the diene ##STR2## and maleic anhydride by Diels-Alder addition.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon extractor, intended to be disposed above a tank (10) containing a mixture of a liquid and a liquid hydrocarbon, comprises a belt (16) made of an oleophilic material which is adapted to be immersed in the mixture and two oleophilic rollers (26, 28), disposed one on each side of the belt, for recovering the liquid hydrocarbon from the belt. The rollers are rotated in an opposite direction to that of the movement of the belt and at a higher speed than the belt to enhance the recovery process.

Abstract: Process for producing organic cation radicals using anodic oxidation of an organic molecule in an electrochemical cell containing two electrodes upon which opposite polarity may be established and a liquid electrolyte which is an ion conductive material comprising a salt in solution in a liquid consisting essentially of at least one polar aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of linear ethers, cyclic ethers, esters, carbonates, lactones, nitrate derivatives, amides, sulfones and sulfolanes, wherein said salt is represented by one of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein M is an alkaline or alkaline earth metal, a transition metal or a rare earth metal,RF and R'F are identical or different and each represent a perhalogen radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms,QF is a perfluorinated bivalent radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Method for the synthesis of sulfonylimidides having the formula M((RSO.sub.2).sub.2 N).sub.y, wherein M is a metal or an ammonium radical quaternary or not, the Rs, which may be identical or similar are organic monovalent radicals, particularly hydrocarbyles and preferably perfluorohydrocarbyles, in C.sub.1 to C.sub.12, and y is the valence of M. On the one hand, silazane component selected amongst the silazane compounds M(((R.sub.2).sub.3 Si).sub.2 N).sub.y or the associations of a silazane derivative A((R.sub.2).sub.3 Si).sub.2 N or a fluoride M.sub.1 F.sub.z of low cross-linking energy is reacted with, on the other hand, at least one sulfonic halogenite component consisting of a sulfonyl fluoride RSO.sub.2 F or in the association of a sulfonyl chloride RSO.sub.2 Cl with a fluoride M.sub.1 F.sub.z, M, R and y having the above-mentioned significations, M being selected amongst the Ms and being optionally identical to M, z being the valence of M.sub.1 and R.sub.2 representing an alkyl in C.sub.1 to C.sub.4.

Abstract: At least one laser beam is focused on one side of an assembly to be cut at a point on the side which is part of the cutting profile and which is called the point of impact of the beam on side side, in order to cause at that point a disintegration of the material of the assembly. The laser beam is moved in relation to the assembly so that the impact point describes a trajectory which corresponds to the desired cutting profile, while maintaining a controlled atmosphere in the area around the impact point. Uses particularly include cutting solid polymer electrolyte lithium thin film electrochemical generators, or cutting precursors of such generators.

Abstract: This invention relates to a crystalline synthetic microporous solid containing gallium and phosphorus, whose crystal structure is of the LTA type.After calcination at a temperature above 200.degree. C. the solid obtained can be employed as a catalyst for converting hydrocarbons or as an adsorbent.

Abstract: Method for conducting an oil drilling operation, during which a drill-stem produces the rotation of a tool in an oil well. The method consists of the following steps: continually measuring the rotational speed of the upper end of the drill-stem; continuously measuring the torque applied to that end of the drill-stem; determining the torque applied to that end of the drill-stem; determining the torque variation; establishing the period of torque variation if the amplitude of the variation exceeds a predefined threshold; verifying the stability of this period; comparing the latter, if stable, with at least one predefined theoretical period; and reporting the results obtained to the user in order to control the drilling operation.

Abstract: A device for measuring in situ, the optical density of a sample in a medium, in which the immersed sample has a main part with a slot at one end. A mobile part can be lodged in this slot. This mobile part has an open chamber which moves with the mobile part into the slot. This open chamber will contain a sample and will be aligned with an optical device in the housing, when moved into the slot. The mobile part and open chamber are, therefore, movable between an open position in which the medium to be studied circulates in the chamber, to a closed position when the mobile part is lodged in the slot whereat the open chamber is isolated from the medium to be studied. Measurement is carried out while the device is in the closed position by measuring the optical density of the isolated medium.

Abstract: Electromagnetic source intended to be placed permanently in a drill well for studying the electromagnetic properties of the geological formations or of the fluids surrounding the well. This source consists of a coil through which a high current is circulated and which is of a diameter of the order of magnitude of the diameter of the well and is integrated in one of the elements of the casing produced at least partially from a resistant material in which the coil is embedded. This source can either be activated directly by a conductor shoe moving along in the well or be connected to a supply by means of cables.

Abstract: Process for improving the dispersibility and the filterability of scleroglucan powders, in which a surfactant is incorporated in the coagulated polymer. The powder obtained according to the process has a dispersibility and a filterability after drying of the coagulum which are greatly superior to those of a powder treated after drying with the same quantity of surfactant or of a powder in solution treated with this same quantity of surfactant.

Abstract: A production tube which includes at least one substantially tubular tube element and a hydraulic line. The tube element is provided with a longitudinal groove for receiving the hydraulic line.

Abstract: The invention relates to new concentrated liquid solutions of polysaccharides, characterized in that they are prepared by ultrafiltration of a dilute solution of polymer to which a surface-active agent has been added.The solutions can be employed, after dilution, in particular as a thickening agent for aqueous fluids.

Abstract: A submarine wellhead (10) for producing wells, including a hollow body (14) mounted in a water-tight fashion on a well (16) configured to receive a suspension device (30) equipped with a production column (26) designed to be lowered down into the well, which body (14) is also equipped with an outlet port (20) for the oil coming up from the well through the production column (26), hydraulic flow between the production column (26) and the outlet port (20) occurring through the suspension device (30), and hydraulic flow being ensured regardless of the rotation position of the suspension device (30) in relation to the body (14).

Abstract: A method of determining nitrogen in various nitrogenous materials, wherein the materials are combusted by being brought into contact with a solid metallic catalytic mass, in the presence of an oxygenated gas, so as to convert the nitrogen into NO. This is then determined, preferably by chemiluminescence or by optical interferometry. The method is improved by adding a halide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal to the materials prior to combustion.An apparatus comprising an oven (1,2,2') charged with catalytic mass (4), which can be a wire acting as a heating element, and provided with an oxygen inlet (6). The catalytic mass is a non-oxidizable ferrous alloy or a metal of the Pt group.