Abstract: An interengaging clutch comprises first and second rotatable clutch halves, the first clutch half being a driven clutch element connected to a first wheel drive train and being movable along an axial direction, the second clutch half being a driving clutch element and being connected to a main drive train and to a second wheel drive train. The clutch halves have circumferentially disposed dogs or teeth with intermeshing contact surfaces for engaging the clutch halves together so that torque can be transmitted from the second clutch half to the first clutch when they are interengaged and rotating at different rotational speeds. Connected to the first clutch half is a unidirectional servo component which is pressure actuated on one side only so as to move the first clutch half into engagement with the second clutch. The interengaging clutch further includes first and second rotational speed sensors which produce signals indicative of the rotational speeds of the clutch halves.

Abstract: A viscous shear coupling for distributing torque between front and rear axles of an all-wheel drive vehicle is provided which comprises a housing, a set of inner blades interdigitating with a set of outer blades, the inner and outer blades being axially spaced apart from each other and axially slidably mounted within the housing, a viscous liquid located within the housing, an adjusting piston within the housing which is axially displaceable so as to adjust the axial distance between adjacent inner and outer blades. The viscous shear coupling further includes a control pressure circuit for delivery of a control pressure fluid to the adjusting piston, a control valve for regulating the delivery of the control pressure fluid to the adjusting piston, and a control device (e.g., a microprocessor) which calculates a desired adjusting piston speed based on driving conditions and adjusts a valve current delivered to the control valve in order to obtain the desired adjusting piston speed.

Abstract: A collapsible truck cab suitable for military use, especially by airborne combat units, comprises a box-like structure including side walls, side doors, a front wall, and a rear wall, each of which is divided into upper parts and lower parts, and a removable roof of high flexural and torsional stiffness. The upper parts of the wall panels are connected to the lower parts by hinges so that the cab can assume a collapsed position by removing the roof and swinging the upper parts down. A plurality of attachment elements, such as quick action latches, are distributed throughout the cab and are used to snap the wall panels and the roof together. Centering cones and centering troughs are also distributed on contact faces of the roof and the wall panels so that precise alignment of the parts is not required.

Abstract: An adjustable viscous shear coupling comprises a housing containing a viscous fluid therein, an inner part such as a shaft extending into the housing, a set of outer disks non-rotatably connected to the housing, a set of inner disks non-rotatably connected to the inner part, the inner disks and the outer disks being interleaved so that adjacent disks are separated by a gap, and an axially movable piston which acts on the disks to adjust the width of the gaps. The adjustable viscous shear coupling is constructed so that sealing intervals are formed between the outer disks and the inner part and between the inner disks and the housing so that the overflow of viscous fluid from one gap to another is greatly inhibited. In a preferred embodiment, the adjustable viscous shear coupling includes inner choke elements disposed between the outer disks and the inner part, and outer choke elements disposed between the inner disks and the housing, the choke elements creating the sealing intervals.

Abstract: An adjustable viscous shear coupling suitable for use in a high performance four-wheel drive vehicle comprises a housing containing a viscous fluid therein, a shaft extending into the housing, a set of outer disks non-rotatably connected to the housing, a set of inner disks non-rotatably connected to the shaft and interleaved with the outer disks, and an axially movable pressure piston which bears against the disks and adjusts the gap width between the inner and outer disks. One of the sets of disks is provided with frictional linings. The disks are brought to bear against each other in a controlled manner so that torque can be transmitted therebetween in a smooth, hump-less manner by a combination of frictional engagement and viscous shear.

Abstract: A liquid friction coupling is disclosed, which comprises a housing, which constitutes one coupling part and is filled with a viscous liquid, a shaft, which protrudes into the housing and constitutes the other coupling part, interdigitating disks, which are nonrotatably connected in alternation to the housing and to the shaft, respectively, and spacers disposed between the disks. In order to improve the torque characteristic during an operation involving liquid friction and to achieve a steeper rise of the hump torque, each of the outer or inner disks entirely or in part tends to exhibit a thermal deformation in an axial direction and a spacer ring is provided between each inner disk and an outer disk of an adjacent pair of disks.

Abstract: A cartridge comprises a cartridge case having a bottom, a top, and a hollow interior, the top being open and receiving a projectile, and the hollow interior containing a propellant charge. A metal ignition tube extends from a primer cap on the bottom of the cartridge case for about one-third the length of the cartridge case. The metal ignition tube terminates in an open end. A detonating agent is contained within the metal ignition tube, but does not completely fill it. An empty channel is formed in the propellant charge and extends from the open end of the metal ignition tube to within proximity of the projectile. Preferably, the empty channel is constituted by a closed tube having walls made from a combustible material. When the cartridge is fired, a darting flame is produced in the metal ignition tube which passes through the open end unhindered into the empty channel, thereby igniting all of the propellant charge surrounding the channel practically simultaneously.

Abstract: A limited-slip differential gear comprising a differential gear case which is adapted to be driven and in which two coaxial side gears and at least one pair of differential pinions cooperating with each other and associated with the side gears are rotatably mounted, wherein each differential pinion and the associated side gear constitute a worm gear train. In order to reduce the manufacturing costs and the overall size, the worm gear trains comprise worm gears consisting of the side gears and worms consisting of the differential pinions and the differential pinions of each pair have axes extending at an angle to each other and directly mesh with each other.

Abstract: A system for purifying the exhaust gases of a diesel engine comprises an exhaust gas line, which is branched to form two branch lines, which are adapted to be shut off in alternation by change-over valve means. One of said branch lines constitutes a filter line, which incorporates a soot filter. The other branch line constitutes a by-pass line. Downstream of the soot filter the filter line joins the by-pass line to form a common end line. In dependence on the load on the engine, the filter line is opened by the change-over valve means only during an operation of the engine under a full load or under a partial load in excess of a predetermined value. In order to ensure that the exhaust gas will almost entirely be purified during an operation of the engine throughout its load range, an diesel soot oxidation-inducing catalyst is provided downstream of the change-over valve means and is incorporated in the by-pass line or in the common end line.

Abstract: A cartridge case comprises a metal base piece, a plastic sleeve casing, and a plastic tubular section made as a separate part extending along the inside surface of the sleeve casing. The tubular section includes a flange which extends along and is in intimate contact with an inner face of the base piece. A snap lock design locks the sleeve casing, the base piece and the tubular section together. When the cartridge case includes a flash tube fitted onto the base piece, the tubular section also includes a lip extending from the flange and in intimate contact with the outer surface of the flash tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for cross-cutting a treetrunk comprises gripping members which embrace the treetrunk, a feeding mechanism for moving the treetrunk in its longitudinal direction, and a saw which moves transversely to the longitudinal direction and cuts the treetrunk into predetermined lengths. One of the gripping members includes a rotatable guide roller having peripherally spaced apart teeth which engage the treetrunk. The apparatus also comprises a displacement pickup unit which ensures that the treetrunk is cut to a predetermined length. The displacement pickup unit is connected to the guide roller and detects the number of rotations of the guide roller, thereby detecting the longitudinal displacement of the treetrunk. The displacement pickup unit is located within the gripping member so that it is shielded from outside influences.

Abstract: A wheel suspension for vehicles comprises for each wheel a wheel control arm, which is pivotally movable against the torsional force exerted by a torsion bar. The torsion bar extends transversely to the wheel control arm and is fixed against rotation at a distance from the wheel. In order to reduce the manufacturing costs and the weight of the wheel suspension, the wheel control arm and the torsion bar are integrally combined in an L-shaped component, which is provided adjacent to its apex with a pivotal mounting, which together with mounting for non-rotatably fixing a free end of the torsion bar defines a pivotal axis for the wheel control arm.

Abstract: A liquid friction coupling comprises a housing that contains a viscous liquid, a shaft protruding into said housing, alternating and interdigitating inner and outer blades, which are axially slidably and non-rotatably connected to the shaft and to the housing, respectively, annular expanding springs, which extend between adjacent inner blades or outer blades, and an annular piston, which is sealed in the housing and axially displaceable therein and is operable from the outside and arranged to act on the blades in order to change the blade spacing. In order to increase the range in which the blade spacing can be controlled and possibly to permit the coupling to be used as a clutch coupling, the volume of the viscous liquid which is contained in the housing equals the total volume of the free spaces in the housing outside the outer periphery of the inner blades when the piston is in the position which corresponds to the largest blade spacing.

Abstract: A motor vehicle comprises two driven axles, one of which is adapted to be driven by a drive train, which comprises a liquid friction coupling, which is preceded in said drive train by a clutch, which is adapted in a first position to cause the rear axle to be driven via said liquid friction coupling, in a second position to by-pass said liquid friction coupling and in a third position to disconnect said rear axle from said drive train. In a motor vehicle comprising a transmission comprising at least one cross-country or crawling gear the clutch is adapted to assume said second position under the control of a pick-up, which is associated with the cross-country gear or gears, a switching and control stage, and an actuator in response to the selection of the cross-country gear or one of the cross-country gears. That actuation is independent of the position previously assumed by the clutch. The clutch will remain in that position until a road gear is selected in the transmission.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a supercharger for supplying charge air and a charge air cooler, which is arranged near the front end of the engine and is adapted to be supplied with charge air. The charge air line extends through the charge air cooler to the air receiver and is connected by a directional valve to a branch line, which bypasses the charge air cooler. In order to achieve a space-saving and compact design, the supercharger and the directional valve are disposed near the rear end of the engine and the air receiver, which in itself constitutes the branch line, is connected at that end which is opposite to the charge air line via a tubular port or the like directly to the directional valve.

Abstract: A differential gear and control system for motor vehicles having a single driven axle and at least one undriven axle comprises a differential gear and a differential lock, which is adapted to be controlled in dependence on the speed of travel of the vehicle. In order to increase the traction when the vehicle is started whereas the handling of the vehicle should not adversely be affected by a locking of the differential gear, the differential lock is adapted to be controlled so that it exerts on the differential gear a restraining torque which decreases as the speed of travel of the vehicle increases from zero to a predetermined speed of travel.

Abstract: An implement for lopping felled trees comprises a frame, which is adapted to be suspended from a lifting tackle and is provided with gripping members for engaging a treetrunk from below, with feeding means for imparting a longitudinal movement to the treetrunk and with lopping tools, which are distributed around the periphery of the treetrunk, and is preferably provided with a cross-cutting tool, which is operable to move transversely to the longitudinal feeding direction. In order to reduce the friction incurred during the longitudinal feed movement, at least one of the grippers constitutes a carrier for a roller, which is rotatable on an axis that is transverse to the feeding direction.

Abstract: A gas pressure pistol, particularly a sports pistol, comprises a compressed gas container, which is disposed below the barrel and which via a passage that is adapted to be closed by a valve communicates with the rear end of the barrel, also comprises a bolt, which is guided in a housing and is adapted to be retracted from the rear end of the barrel, and a trigger mechanism, which is accommodated in the housing and comprises a trigger lever, which is pivotally movable in a pull-off sense, a trigger blade carried by the trigger lever, a spring which opposes the movement of the trigger lever in the pull-off sense, a sear, which cooperates with the trigger lever, and a catch lever, which in a catching position interlocks with the sear and is adapted to retain a spring-loaded striker, which serves to actuate the valve.