Abstract: A process for artificially coloring fruit wherein an aqueous medium containing the fruit is treated with a dye and an edible calcium salt at an elevated temperature until the desired quantity of dye penetrates the fruit tissue, then the pH is lowered at least to a value at which the dye becomes substantially insoluble, after which the pH is raised gradually while ensuring that the pH of the inner parts of the fruit does not exceed 7, and finally the fruit is separated from the aqueous medium.

Abstract: A process for artificially coloring fruit wherein an aqueous medium containing the fruit is treated with a colorant and a hydrolyzable tannin at an adequate temperature until the desired quantities of colorant and hydrolyzable tannin are absorbed by the fruit, the pH is lowered at least to a value at which the colorant becomes substantially insoluble, after which the pH is raised gradually while ensuring that the pH of the inner parts of the fruit does not exceed 7 and finally the fruit is separated from the aqueous medium.

Abstract: A process for the production of a cold soluble powdered tea extract wherein a hot soluble powdered tea extract is treated with a mixture of from 25% to 65% by weight of a carboxylic acid and from 15% to 65% by weight of a carboxylic acid salt based on the weight of the hot soluble powdered tea extract and ground to the desired particle size.

Abstract: A mixture of steam and a concentrated solution of an alkali carbonate are continuously injected under pressure into a cocoa mass in a tube, whereby the carbonate reacts with the cocoa mass under pressure in the tube at at least 120.degree. C. to form a reacted mass mixture, which mixture is subjected to sudden expansion and then dried with stirring until a dried solubilized liquid is ultimately obtained.

Abstract: A prehension unit suitable for use as a finger in a manipulator hand has a supporting body, a contact element carried by the supporting body through a resilient material and defining with the body a closed space. Optical sensors cooperate with a locally light reflecting surface of the contact element. Each sensor comprises an optical fiber for transmitting light from a remote transducer to an end portion terminating in the supporting body in front of the contact element surface and an optical fiber for collecting the light reflected by the surface and conveying it to a remote light sensitive transducer. The movements of the locally reflecting surface, due to axial, radial and/or angular movements of the contact element which results in a change of the amount of reflected light collected by the second fiber may be detected. The manipulator apparatus may be provided with motors for restoring the unit to a position for which no force is exerted by an object to be seized on the contact element.

Abstract: A powder-form foaming creamer suitable for use in beverages is prepared by spray-drying a mixture containing a non-dairy fat, a non-dairy carbohydrate and a proteinaceous foam stabilizer. In the spray-drying step, the mixture is atomized by forcing it through a narrow orifice under a high pressure. The dried powder withstands severe handling and retains the ability to produce a foam in the final beverage.

Abstract: A hollow charge includes a covering having multiple sloped portions having pical angles which increase from back to front and create a multiple-stage effect or cascade effect.

Abstract: A composition comprising uncooked rice flour and, based on the weight of the uncooked rice flour, from 0 to 40% by weight of precooked rice flour, from 0 to 4% by weight of sodium or potassium alginate or a mixture thereof and from 0 to 4% by weight of propylene glycol alginate with the proviso that when the composition contains less than 5% by weight of precooked rice flour, both the alginates should be present in amounts of at least 1% by weight.

Abstract: A light-weight anti-tank weapon for use by infantry consists of a launching tube for a projectile such as a rocket contained either directly in the tube or in a container which, when firing takes place, forms an extension of the tube. To enable the weapon to be used either by a right-handed or left-handed marksman, the fittings associated with the weapon are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal plane when the weapon is ready to be fired, and certain elements of the weapon, particularly an optical aiming device and a shoulder-piece, can be secured to one of the two sets of suitable supports or mountings in the right-hand and left-hand positions, respectively.

Abstract: A process for canning vegetables characterized in that vegetables in the form of pieces of thin cross-section are treated osmotically to remove liquid, then pressed mechanically to remove further liquid, filled into cans and sauced, after which the cans are sealed and sterilized.

Abstract: Fresh, chopped onions may be packed as preparations in tubes and may be dispensed therefrom without disturbing the consistency when the preparation contains from 88 to 92% of raw onion cubes having an edge length of from 3 to 6 mm, from 0.05 to 0.1% of sodium metabisulphite, from 0.1 to 0.5% of tartaric acid and/or citric acid, from 0.05 to 0.20% of ascorbic acid, from 0.05 to 0.2% of swelling agent, about 1% of common salt, from 3 to 5% of sugar or a sugar alcohol, from 3 to 5% of vegetable oil and from 0.05 to 0.15% of emulsifying agent. After being filled into tubes, this preparation is heated for a short time to from 70.degree. to 80.degree. C. The onion particles retain their consistency over a comparatively long period of time and may be used in the same way as freshly cut onions.

Abstract: An apparatus for sealing tarts or pies, particularly almond tarts, comprises a plate intended to receive the product to be subjected to the confection process, a suitably shaped mould arranged above said plate and fixed to a shaft capable of making an ascending-descending movement with a means for applying pressure to said product and a means associated with said mould and consisting of lateral arms carrying at their ends means for nipping and cutting into the periphery of the product to be obtained, said arms being activated in such a way that said nipping and cutting means are applied to said product when the mould is in its lower position.The apparatus enables a sequence of operations hitherto carried out manually with several different tools to be performed simply, economically and automatically.

Abstract: A successful frozen savory or sweet souffle which rises during baking and only collapses moderately when it is served is prepared from a base mass comprising a baked panada based on fat, flour, water and cream, a flavouring base composed of vegetables, cheese, fish or fruit, egg yolks and texturizing proteins by mixing the different ingredients without whipping of the proteins and incorporating carbon dioxide gas in the mass.

Abstract: Flavored sauerkraut is produced by fermenting cabbage in the presence of salt and a powdered hydrolyzed protein. The salt is preferably present in an amount of from 1.0% to 4.5% by weight based on the cabbage and the hydrolyzed protein is preferably preset in an amount of from 1% to 10% by weight based on the weight of the cabbage.

Abstract: Yogurt having a reduced increase in acidity and bitterness during storage at ambient temperature is produced by fermenting milk with Streptococcus thermophilus and a Lactobacillus bulgaricus strain which has low proteolytic activity and allows a DNA-DNA hybridization of from 80 to 100%. A thickening strain of Streptococcus thermophilus may be used. The yogurt may be packed under sterile conditions and stored at about 20.degree. C.

Abstract: A two dimensional display unit with an electrically controlled fluid and a method of manufacturing it. A layer of liquid crystal whose birefringence is electrically controlled is disposed between two thin glass plates which bear transparent electrodes and are connected together by metal studs regularly spaced apart over the whole useful surface so as to maintain a gap of constant thickness, the cell thus constituted being illuminated by parallel light and placed between crossed polarizer and analyzer. The invention applies to displaying various images at a low cost.

Abstract: A micro-organism of the Beggiatoa type is cultured with agitation under aerobic conditions in an aqueous nutrient medium and the biomass and/or the culture medium is collected. The micro-organism used may be obtained from baregine. The bacteriostatic substance produced may be used for skin massages or as an ingredient for a cosmetic product, for example for the skin.

Abstract: A process for treating solid foodstuff pieces in a container which is to be hermetically sealed characterized in that the container is extended by means of an extension piece, solid foodstuff pieces are added so that they fill the container and at least part of the extension piece, the extended container is fitted with a closing member to form a closed assembly provided with an outlet for the escape of air, the contents are purged with steam until they have shrunk to such an extent that the foodstuff pieces in the extension piece have subsided into the container and the required degree of heat processing has been achieved after which the container, extension piece and closing member are separated from each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating, by an electromagnetic radiation, a composite part comprising a first material which is relatively more absorbent of said radiation and a second material which is relatively less absorbent thereof, both materials appearing in zones on the surface, whereby at least the first material is treated up to a given depth in the course of a relative displacement of the piece and of the radiation with respect to each other. The invention also relates to an installation for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A pump for metering two fluids comprising a cylinder having a first and second inlet conduit and an outlet conduit, means for closing the communication between the cylinder and the first inlet conduit and between the cylinder and the outlet conduit alternately, there being present inside the cylinder a first floating solid piston for drawing in a primary fluid from the first inlet conduit and discharging it into the outlet conduit and a second piston for drawing in a secondary fluid from the second inlet conduit which piston has at least one port provided with one or more valves through which the secondary fluid can flow to occupy the space between the two pistons where it can transmit the motion of the second piston to the first piston, and a by-pass for conveying secondary fluid from the space between the pistons to the outlet conduit.