Abstract: Dividing a multiplexed optical signal transmitted along a first transmission path into two portions and diverting one of the two portions to a second transmission path and forwarding the other portion of the multiplexed optical signal along that first transmission path, while the energy of the diverted portion comprises the entire spectrum of the multiplexed optical signal. Preferably, the diverted first portion is further divided into at least two parts, each comprising a wavelength range substantially different than the others, and at least one of the two parts is forwarded towards an optical receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna and a method of transmitting and receiving broadband circularly polarized signals. The antenna includes a substrate that has a first surface and an opposing second surface, and a first conductive element that is positioned at the first surface of the substrate. The first conductive element defines an aperture therein the first surface of the substrate. The antenna also includes a conductive strip positioned at the opposing second surface of the substrate. The conductive strip is electrically isolated from the aperture by the substrate therebetween, and, provides a transmission line that generates electromagnetic coupling with the aperture. Further, the antenna has a symmetric conductive element in the form of a planar polygon that is positioned relative to the aperture for broadband coupling of electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore, the opposing corners that are formed on the symmetric conductive element are configured to induce phase quadrature.

Abstract: The invention describes a system of two-stage optical amplifiers adapted for inserting OADM in the mid-stage, and an integrated assembly designed for implementing the amplifiers in a way suitable for forming bi-directional configurations useful in optical networks. A so-called east-west configuration for a bi-directional transmission is described, where each direction of the optical transmission is served by the two-stage optical amplifier the 1st stage of which belongs to one integrated assembly, and the 2nd stage—to another assembly.

Abstract: The invention discloses a control scheme for wireless communications networks, including stations communicating with mobiles in downlink mode. The network includes an elementary load calculator designed to compute the load induced by a given mobile on a server station.

Abstract: A technique for handling an optical pulse signal, wherein the handling includes one or more operations out of: pulse shaping, treatment of nonlinearity and monitoring; the technique uses a device capable of performing a cascaded second harmonic generation (SHG) with respect to a particular fundamental harmonic (FH), and comprises: selecting in the device a particular optical path length suitable for performing at least one of the above operations with respect to an incoming optical pulse signal carried by a wavelength defined by the particular fundamental harmonic (FH), conveying the incoming optical pulse signal carried by the defined wavelength along the selected optical path in the device, obtaining from the device an output optical pulse signal at the fundamental harmonic (FH), wherein the treatment of nonlinearity and/or the pulse shaping are performed, and/or obtaining an output optical pulse signal at the second harmonic (SH) for further monitoring it and judging about the input optical pulse signal

Abstract: A novel and useful dynamic packet filter that can be incorporated in a hardware based firewall suitable for use in portable computing devices such as cellular telephones and wireless connected PDAs adapted to connect to the Internet. The invention performs dynamic packet filtering on packets received over an input packet stream. The dynamic filter checks dynamic protocol behavior using information extracted from the received packet. Sessions are created and stored in a session database to track the state of communications between the source and destination. Recognition of a session is accelerated by use of a hash table to quickly determine the corresponding session record in the session database. Session related data is read from the session database and the received packet is checked against a set of rules to determine whether to allow or deny the packet.

Abstract: A method for routing of incoming prioritized telecommunication traffic in a telecommunication network by applying an algorithm of finding optimal path to an augmented graph built for said telecommunication network. The telecommunication network is represented as a network graph comprising nodes (A, B, C, D, E) and real links (AB, BC, CD, ED, AE) bridging the nodes, while the augmented graph is a graph built on the basis of the network graph by adding to it virtual links (ABC1, . . . , EDC3). The augmented graph comprises nodes and edges, wherein the edges of the augmented graph are weighed to reflect priority of the telecommunication traffic presently taking place there-through. For placing a new call according to the method, a pathfinder optimization algorithm is applied to the augmented graph to determine an optimal pathfinder solution, having the minimal total weight, for routing the new call in the augmented graph.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for route checking and management is described herein. In a voice over internet protocol environment, the invention allows for the testing of routes among various gateways. In one embodiment, gateways include routing managers for checking and storing route information. The method of the invention includes checking candidate routes for the level of quality, location and cost levels. Further, users can prioritize routes based on these criteria.

Abstract: A method for utilizing a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in an Ethernet network wherein a number of VLANs are defined and a plurality of Ethernet switching nodes (A, B, C D E, F, G H) are interconnected via their ports (A1, . . . ,H4) so that each of the ports is initially assigned to one or more VLANs, and each of the VLANs is intended to enable traffic between two or more edge ports (D3, B3). The method comprises also-called pruning procedure initiated upon establishing a new STP topology (30) related to one or more VLANs. This procedure concerns a broadcast domain of at least one of the VLANs and is aimed at obtaining a sub-tree for each pruned VLAN in the new STP topology. The sub-tree is usually shrunk, bound by the edge ports assigned to the corresponding pruned VLAN, and thus eliminates broadcast traffic of the pruned VLAN to any Ethernet switch extending beyond the obtained sub-tree.

Abstract: An echo canceller processing echo, noise and near end talk in a narrower, but still intelligible, frequency band for reducing required processing power and complexity. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an input audio signal of captured sound in an audio communication system is decimated and then divided into a number of sub bands by an analyze filter. Each sub band is processed as in background audio echo cancelling by subtracting the signal with an echo estimate from a model of the acoustic signal in the respective sub band, except from that the signal is also bypassed, adjusted by a filter and subtracted from the processed signal. The resulting signals are then recombined by a synthesize filter and interpolated to the original sampling rate and bandwidth. Finally, the output from the synthesize filter is added to the input audio signal, which has been delayed and adjusted by a filter.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for characterizing in accordance with at least a descriptor, the timbre of a time-variable sound signal (s(t) for a duration D, which consists in defining said descriptor by the harmonic spectral scope of the signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of selecting transmission channels in a time data multiple access protocol and to a communication system using the method of the invention.

Abstract: A controllable source of few photons operating at a predetermined wavelength. The source comprises a solid material (10) having a dilute concentration of elements (11) implanted therein that emit light at said predetermined wavelength, an excitation device (20) for exciting said light-emitting elements, and a probe (30) suitable for capturing, by near field coupling, at least one photon emitted by one of the light-emitting elements. The source is applicable to optical telecommunications.

Abstract: A precabling device in a cabling installation having, inside the installation, at least one stowage module (50) and a plurality of precabling tubes (40) for receiving cables (10). Each of the precabling tubes is fixed to the stowage module (50) in the vicinity of an end (41) thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for decoding received digital data corresponding to transmitted digital data coded with an entropic code associating with each word of an alphabet a distinct bit sequence, whereof the length is a function of said word occurrence probability, using a decoding lattice whereof each transition corresponds to a binary value 0 or 1 of one of the bits of a sequence corresponding to one of said words.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for processing packets of flows on a network link, the device including scheduling means for scheduling packets in a queue in accordance with a fair queuing with priority algorithm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a signal intended to be transmitted towards a plurality of receivers, of the type comprising at least two source signals and consisting of a plurality of independently modulated substantially orthogonal carrier frequencies distributed over a predetermined frequency band. According to the invention, the frequency band is divided into at least two frequency sub-bands each comprising a set of the substantially orthogonal carrier frequencies, and to each of the sub-bands is allocated one of the source signals, so that a receiver may retrieve from the transmitted signal, by filtration, at least one of the sub-bands and perform demodulation processing only on the carrier frequencies contained in the retrieved sub-bands. The invention also relates to a transmission process as well as to a receiver of such signal.

Abstract: A congestion control method and apparatus that conducts congestion control for a frame relay terminal in real time and without any time lag when a congestion has occurred at an outgoing cell store medium of a fast multiplex unit of an ATM multiplex apparatus. The fast multiplex unit of the ATM multiplex apparatus is provided with a outgoing cell store medium monitor unit monitoring a congestion level of the outgoing cell store medium and generating a congestion reporting signal indicative of the congestion level and a light/heavy congestion indication signal. The time lag which occurs when the congestion reporting is made is eliminated by sending both signals directly to a frame relay interface control unit from the fast multiplex unit.

Abstract: An active predistorting linearizer with agile bypass circuit for safe mode operation is used in conjunction with an amplifier. This linearizer comprises a controllable input variable-attenuator and drive-amplifier circuit supplied with the input signal to attenuate and amplify the input signal. A predistorter includes a controllable phase-shifting and amplitude-adjusting path supplied with the attenuated and amplified input signal to distort the latter signal and produce a predistorted output signal. A controllable output variable-attenuator and drive-amplifier circuit is supplied with the predistorted output signal to attenuate and amplify this predistorted output signal before supplying it to the power amplifier. A phase-shifting and amplitude-adjusting controller is connected to the controllable input variable-attenuator and drive-amplifier circuit, the controllable phase-shifting and amplitude-adjusting path, and the controllable output variable-attenuator and drive-amplifier circuit.

Abstract: An edge-coupled photodetector, especially a compound semiconductor edge-coupled photodetectors, has a light funnel integrated right in front of the coupling aperture for enhancing the optical coupling efficiency. The light funnel is formed utilizing either a wet etched, crystallographically defined semiconductor slope or a dry etched, resist-profile-defined semiconductor slope covered by the planarized dielectrics. The funnel internals can be partially or fully metallized for total mirror reflection. The lightwave entering the funnel and propagating along the optical axis converges through mirror reflection or total internal reflection. Through such an invention, the edge-coupled photodetector can have both high operation speed and high quantum efficiency with enlarged alignment tolerance.