Abstract: Provided herein are compositions, methods, kits and systems for treating cells, tissues and subjects to alter age-related biology (e.g., to study or to treat age-related diseases and conditions). In particular, provided herein are compositions, methods, and uses for inhibition or modification of sialic acid or its cognate receptor to restore phagocytosis in aged cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel boronic acid receptor compounds and their use in methods of quantifying a saccharide appearing in a sample. Provided are methods of measuring the concentration of a saccharide in a sample as well as methods of measuring the concentration of a halogenated saccharide in a sample. In certain aspects the sample is abiological sample and the methods further include correlating the measured concentration of saccharide in the biological sample to the gastrointestinal permeability in the individual. Disclosed are also kits for performing the above methods.

Abstract: Processes and materials to detect cancer from a biopsy are described. In some cases, cell-free nucleic acids can be sequenced, and the sequencing result can be utilized to detect sequences derived from a neoplasm. Detection of somatic variants occurring in phase can indicate the presence of cancer in a diagnostic scan and a clinical intervention can be performed.

Abstract: The nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells with mRNA encoding reprogramming factors is shown to be greatly accelerated by activation of innate immune responses in the somatic cell. Methods of activating innate immunity include activation of PKR, of toll-like receptors, e.g. TLR3, etc. In some embodiments the mRNA provides the activator of innate immunity.

Abstract: A series of carbohydrate-dye conjugates, as well as a method for detection of pathogenic or other organisms (e.g., bacteria) using the same are provided. The carbohydrate-dye conjugate can be enzymatically incorporated into live and active (viable) bacteria of interest for facile detection of said bacteria. The conjugate incorporation is achieved by utilizing one or more of the enzymes that are endogenous to the bacteria of interest, which can incorporate the conjugate via the conjugate's carbohydrate. A detectable signal is produced by the conjugate's dye only upon incorporation into the bacteria of interest, due to the changes in the dye's local environment upon incorporation. The conjugate may be metabolically incorporated into the fatty outer membrane of a bacterial cell wall, which provides a distinctly hydrophobic environment for the conjugate's dye, causing it to produce a detectable signal.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for the treatment of pathogen infections. In some embodiments, the anti-infective compounds have broad spectrum activity against a variety of infective diseases, where the diseases are caused by pathogens containing a basic amino acid PIP-2 pincer (BAAPP) domain that interacts with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP-2) to mediate pathogen replication. Also provided are methods of inhibiting a PI4-kinase and methods of inhibiting viral infection. In some embodiments, the compound is a PI4-kinase inhibiting compound that is a 5-aryl-thiazole or a 5-heteroaryl-thiazole. The subject compounds may be formulated or provided to a subject in combination with a second anti-infective agent, e.g. interferon, ribavirin, and the like.

Abstract: Various aspects as described herein are directed to a radiative cooling device and method for cooling an object. As consistent with one or more embodiments, a radiative cooling device includes a solar spectrum reflecting structure configured and arranged to suppress light modes, and a thermally-emissive structure configured and arranged to facilitate thermally-generated electromagnetic emissions from the object and in mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths.

Abstract: An x-ray apparatus includes an x-ray source capable of producing an x-ray beam with a focal spot having a spatial shape that is selected to pre-amplify predetermined spatial frequencies exceeding half a cutoff frequency as compared to spatial frequencies below half the cutoff frequency; an x-ray detector capable of detecting the x-ray beam; and a processor adapted to reconstruct an image from the detected x-ray beam using a filter that compensates the pre-amplified predetermined spatial frequencies. The spatial shape comprises two or more disconnected regions that preferably have widths less than that of a nominal focal spot, combined widths greater than or equal to that of a nominal focal spot, and are separated by less than three times a width of a nominal focal spot.

Abstract: A plurality of agent locations can be determined at a plurality of time steps by inputting a plurality of images to a perception algorithm that inputs the plurality of images and outputs agent labels and the agent locations. A plurality of first uncertainties corresponding to the agent locations can be determined at the plurality of time steps by inputting the plurality of agent locations to a filter algorithm that inputs the agent locations and outputs the plurality of first uncertainties corresponding to the plurality of agent locations. A plurality of predicted agent trajectories and potential trajectories corresponding to the predicted agent trajectories can be determined by inputting the plurality of agent locations at the plurality of time steps and the first uncertainties corresponding to the agent locations at the plurality of time steps to a variational autoencoder.

Abstract: Most nitrogen recovery techniques recover acidic ammonium fertilizers, and few enable alkaline ammonia recovery. Many embodiments provide multi-chamber electrochemical stripping reactors to recover alkaline ammonia and acidic ammonium from wastewater. The reactor combines electrodialysis and membrane stripping. The acidic and alkaline product portfolio for wastewater-derived ammonia expand implementation opportunities for nitrogen recovery.

Abstract: Compounds useful as contrast agents in image-guided surgery are provided. The compounds comprise a latent cationic lysosomotropic fragment that is detectable upon cleavage by lysosomal proteases within treated tissues, particularly within tumors and other diseased tissues. Also provided are compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds, for example in dynamically monitoring protease activity in vivo during image-guided tumor resection surgery.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the detection of musculoskeletal anomalies are disclosed. Various embodiments are directed to methods to detect and treat anomalies, including fracture (e.g. clavicle), deformity (e.g. scoliosis), and other anomalies. Various embodiments utilize structured white light scanners, while additional embodiments utilize LiDAR to generate 3-dimensional (3D) topographic scans. Various embodiments obtain these scans via a mobile device, such as a mobile phone or tablet. Further embodiments utilize machine learning models to analyze the 3D scans to identify an anomaly and/or a treatment for such anomaly and/or monitor change of that condition over time.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying and treating a disease in a patient collects one or more data streams from sensors configured to detect biological signals generated within a patient's tissue over time. Patient data elements including one or more of demographic, clinical, laboratory, pathology, chemical, image, historical, genetic, and activity data for the patient is collected and processed with the data streams to generate a personalized digital phenotype (PDP). The PDP is compared to a digital taxonomy comprising prior data to classify the patient into one or more quantitative disease classifications to guide personalized intervention for treating the patient.

Abstract: Various methods and devices for treatment or assessment of structures or nerves accessible via the nasal cavity utilizing electrical stimulation or signal recording are provided. Devices can include one or more electrodes to provide electrical stimulation or signal recording. Electrodes can be disposed upon an inflatable balloon or a flat-surfaced tool or a precision tip.

Abstract: Processes and materials to detect cancer from a biopsy are described. In some cases, cell-free nucleic acids can be sequenced, and the sequencing result can be utilized to detect sequences derived from a neoplasm. Detection of somatic variants occurring in phase can indicate the presence of cancer in a diagnostic scan and a clinical intervention can be performed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for synthesizing contrast images from a quantitative acquisition are disclosed. An exemplary method includes performing a quantification scan, using a trained deep neural network to synthesize a contrast image from the quantification scan, and outputting the contrast image synthesized by the trained deep neural network. In another exemplary method, an operator can identify a target contrast type for the synthesized contrast image. A trained discriminator and classifier module determines whether the synthesized contrast image is of realistic image quality and whether the synthesized contrast image matches the target contrast type.

Abstract: Survivors of central nervous system injury commonly present with spastic hypertonia. The affected muscles are hyperexcitable and can display involuntary static muscle tone and an exaggerated stretch reflex. These symptoms affect posture and disrupt activities of daily living. Symptoms are typically measured using subjective manual tests such as the Modified Ashworth Scale; however, more quantitative measures are necessary to evaluate potential treatments. The hands are one of the most common targets for intervention, but few investigators attempt to quantify symptoms of spastic hypertonia affecting the fingers. An Isometric Force Pillow (IFP) is provided herein to quantify involuntary grip force. This lightweight, computerized tool provides a holistic measure of finger flexion force and can be used in various orientations for clinical testing and to measure the impact of assistive devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions, systems, and methods for genome editing, efficient knock-in of large DNA fragments, and long-term, stable, high expression of integrated transgenes. Also provided are modified cells, vaccines comprising modified cells, and methods of using such cells to induce an immune response.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel azopodophyllotoxin analog compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and their use as inhibitors of Y box protein 1 (YB1 or YBX1) in treatments for conditions including gynecological, breast, bladder, kidney, head and neck, neuronal, and prostate cancers, lymphomas, and leukemias. Methods of their use in sensitizing resistant cancers to treatment with anticancer agents and radiation are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods of capturing privacy protected images and performing machine vision tasks are described. An embodiment includes a system that includes an optical component and an image processing application configured to capture distorted video using the optical component, where the optical component includes a set of optimal camera lens parameters ?*o learned using machine learning, performing a machine vision task on the distorted video, where the machine vision task includes a set of optimal action recognition parameters ?*c learned using the machine learning, and generating a classification based on the machine vision task, where the machine learning is jointly trained to optimize the optical element and the machine vision task.