Abstract: Methods for determining lipid composition. The lipid(s) in a composition may include phospholipids. A method may be carried out on an individual cell. A method may compare the Raman spectrum of the portion of a cell with a model Raman spectrum, which does not include the lipid component, where the difference between the Raman spectrum of the portion of the cell and the model Raman spectrum correlates to the lipid composition in the portion of the cell in the portion of the cell). A method may be used to diagnose a disease such as, for example, cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and via the presence and/or absence of abnormal or damaged cells in an individual.

Abstract: This disclosure provides devices and methods for the isolation of single cells or particles of interest from a solution comprising a plurality of cells or a solution composed of a homogenous population of particles. Specifically, the present disclosure is directed to microfluidic devices and methods for analyzing cells in a sample. More specifically, the present disclosure provides droplet microfluidic devices and methods for using the same to obtain (trap), encapsulate, and retrieve (isolate) single cells or particles from a sample with improved efficiency.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for reducing amyloid beta levels within a mammal (e.g. a mammal having Alzheimer's disease). For example, this document provides methods for using compositions containing a potato polysaccharide preparation to reduce one or more symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In some cases, a composition containing a potato polysaccharide preparation provided herein can be used to increase binding, sequestration, and/or degradation of CNS-derived amyloid beta polypeptides, thereby inhibiting the formation of neurofibrillary plaques.

Abstract: Cyclooctene conjugates of therapeutic or diagnostic agents have improved aqueous solubility and can release the agents upon contact with a tetrazine-containing biomaterial. The cyclooctene conjugates provide site-selective delivery of agents at the location of the tetrazine-containing biomaterial in a subject. The compositions and methods have applications in the treatment of various diseases or conditions including cancer, tumor growths, and bacterial infections.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods for promoting bone formation or reducing bone destruction. This disclosure also relates to methods for promoting the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a local site of injury or surgical intervention in bone to promote healing. In addition, this disclosure relates to methods for reducing or preventing mineral formation or bone growth, or reducing bone mass. The methods disclosed herein are useful for treating conditions such as osteopetrosis or osteoradionecrosis.

Abstract: The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ?-VOPO4, made from the solvothermally synthesized H2VOPO4, is a high density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

Abstract: Provided are macrocyclic compounds having a macrocyclic core which has at least one macrocyclic donor and at least one pendant group which has at least one donor group. The macrocyclic compounds can be complexed to Fe(II) and Ni(II). The macrocyclic compounds can be used in imaging methods. For example, the compounds can be used MRI paraCEST contrast agents.

Abstract: A method and composition for detecting, diagnosing, prognosing or monitoring a subject suspected of having or having Parkinson's disease by detecting miRNAs and microbial RNAs in saliva.

Abstract: This application provides methods to differentiate between subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) or developmentally delayed (DD) subjects using miRNA and/or microbiome levels detected in saliva samples and patient information. The method can be used to monitor the progress of ASD and guide its treatment. RNA-seq, qPCR, or other methods determine counts and abundance of miRNA or microbiomes. MicroRNA and/or microbiome sequencing data are refined by normalization to expression levels or abundance of time-invariant miRNAs and/or microbial RN As to control for time of sample collection or to compensate for circadian fluctuations in these levels. Multivariate logistic regression and nonlinear classification techniques are further used to select a panel of miRNAs and microbiomes that accurately differentiate between subjects with ASD, DD, and TD in subjects with an unknown ASD status. These panels of miRNAs and microbiomes may be developed into a RNA assay kit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides nucleic acid compositions that incorporate one or more halouracil molecules. More specifically, the present disclosure reveals that the replacement of uracil nucleotides within a microRNA nucleotide sequence with a 5-halouracil increases the ability of the micro-RNA to inhibit cancer progression and tumorigenesis. As such, the present disclosure provides various nucleic acid (e.g., microRNA) compositions having 5-halouracil molecules incorporated in their nucleic acid sequences and methods for using the same. The present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the modified nucleic acid compositions, and methods for treating cancers using the same.

Abstract: Membranes are provided for use in reverse osmosis applications. Such membranes include a nanofibrous scaffold in combination with a barrier layer. The barrier layer is formed of a polymeric matrix having functionalized cellulose nanofibers incorporated therein. The membranes may, in embodiments, also include a substrate.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for the total synthesis of macrolactones and macrolactams of formula I including E- and Z-configuration thereof, in particular, nannocystins.

Abstract: An optoelectronic light source includes a semiconductor laser configured to produce polarized primary radiation, a converter material configured to absorb at least part of the primary radiation and convert the primary radiation into a secondary radiation of an increased wavelength, a planar multi-layered mirror located between the semiconductor laser and the converter material, the multi-layered mirror configured to transmit the primary radiation and reflect the secondary radiation, and an optical element provided between the semiconductor laser and the multi-layered mirror, wherein the optical element is configured such that the primary radiation coming from the semiconductor laser impinges on the multi-layered mirror at a Brewster angle.

Abstract: This disclosure provides devices and methods for the isolation of single cells or particles of interest from a solution comprising a plurality of cells or a solution composed of a homogenous population of particles. Specifically, the present disclosure is directed to microfluidic devices and methods for analyzing cells in a sample. More specifically, the present disclosure provides droplet microfluidic devices and methods for using the same to obtain (trap), encapsulate, and retrieve (isolate) single cells or particles from a sample with improved efficiency.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for ambient-temperature quantum information buffering, storage, and communication are provided enabling receiving a quantum communication (for example, photons holding quantum information, e.g., qubits), storing the qubits in a room-temperature scalable quantum memory device, selectively retrieving the qubits, performing filtering, and extracting the quantum communication with a controllable delay.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides nanostructures (e.g., monolayer or bilayer nanostructures) comprising porphyrins with cobalt chelated thereto such that the cobalt metal resides within monolayer or bilayer in the porphyrin macrocycle. The nanostructures can have presentation molecules comprising epitopes from microorganisms with a histidine tag attached thereto, such that at least a part of the his-tag is within the monolayer or bilayer and coordinated to the cobalt metal core and the presentation molecules are exposed to the outside of the nanostructures. The nanostructures can further comprise a cargo. The nanostructures can be used to deliver the cargo to an individual.

Abstract: A system that determines whether a trigger has occurred within a cloud infrastructure. The system, in response to determining that a trigger has occurred, extracts characteristics from one or more virtual network functions (VNFs) of a service chain. The system, in response to extracting characteristics from the one or more VNFs, determines rehoming actions for each of the one or more VNFs. The system, in response to determining rehoming actions, predicts a rehoming delay or a chain downtime for each of the rehoming actions for each of the one or more VNFs. The system determines an optimal rehoming action from the rehoming actions for at least one of the one or more VNFs using the rehoming delay or the chain downtime for each rehoming action of the rehoming actions. The system performs the optimal rehoming action for the at least one of one or more VNFs.

Abstract: A machine learning classifier that diagnoses autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is described that transforms data obtained from a patient medical history and a patients saliva into data that correspond to a test panel of features, the data for the features including human microtranscriptome and microbial transcriptome data, wherein the transcriptome data are associated with respective RNA categories for ASD. The classifier classifies the transformed data by applying the data to the classifier that has been trained to detect ASD using training data associated with the features of the test panel. The trained classifier includes vectors that define a classification boundary and predicts a probability of ASD based on results of the classifying.

Abstract: A method of supervised machine learning-based spectrum analysis information, using a neural network trained with spectrum information, to identify a specified feature of a given material, a system for supervised machine learning-based spectrum analysis, and a method of training a neural network to analyze spectrum data. The method of supervised machine learning-base spectrum analysis comprises inputting into the neural network spectrum data obtained from a sample of the given material; and the neural network processing the spectrum data, in accordance with the training of the neural network, and outputting one or more values for the specified feature of the sample of the material. In an embodiment, the training set of data includes x-ray absorption spectroscopy data for the given material. In an embodiment, the training set of data includes electron energy loss spectra (EELS) data.

Abstract: A system associated with determining physician attribution related to in-patient care based at least on prediction of attribution values associated with patient-physician attribution is disclosed. The system extracts clinical data associated with a patient from a first database, with the extracted clinical data comprising clinical information related to the patient and the clinical information including vector values indicative of clinical progress of the patient at various stages of treatment. The system stores the extracted clinical data in a second database and determines attribution values using the attribution manager with the attribution values being based on a predictive analysis using predetermined weights associated with the vector values. A training data set is generated based on learned weight values associated with the clinical progress of the patient. The system iteratively updates the vector values of the patient at least using a predictive analysis associated with the training data set.