Abstract: Direct growth of graphene on Co3O4(111) at 1000 K was achieved by molecular beam epitaxy from a graphite source. Auger spectroscopy shows a characteristic sp2 carbon lineshape, at average carbon coverages from 0.4-3 monolayers. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) indicates (111) ordering of the sp2 carbon film with a lattice constant of 2.5 (±0.1) ? characteristic of graphene. Six-fold symmetry of the graphene diffraction spots is observed at 0.4, 1 and 3 monolayers. The LEED data also indicate an average domain size of ˜1800 ?, and show an incommensurate interface with the Co3O4(111) substrate, where the latter exhibits a lattice constant of 2.8 (±0.1) ?. Core level photoemission shows a characteristically asymmetric C(1s) feature, with the expected lr to lr* satellite feature, but with a binding energy for the three monolayer film of 284.9 (±0.1) eV, indicative of substantial graphene-to-oxide charge transfer.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and system for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in emission detection comprising: selecting a probe capable of at least one of fluorescence, phosphorescence, or delayed fluorescence in or about a sample that comprises interfering background signal; and exposing the probe to one or more controllable bursts, each burst comprising two or more pulses, wherein the one or more controllable bursts of high repetition energy pulses enhance the signal from the probe above that of the background signal.

Abstract: A soft-landing (SL) instrument for depositing ions onto substrates using a laser ablation source is described herein. The instrument of the instant invention is designed with a custom drift tube and a split-ring ion optic for the isolation of selected ions. The drift tube allows for the separation and thermalization of ions formed after laser ablation through collisions with an inert bath gas that allow the ions to be landed at energies below 1 eV onto substrates. The split-ring ion optic is capable of directing ions toward the detector or a landing substrate for selected components. The inventors further performed atomic force microscopy (AFM) and drift tube measurements to characterize the performance characteristics of the instrument.

Abstract: A Tunnel Magnetic Junction of high magnetoresistance is prepared at temperatures and pressure consistent with Si CMOS fabrication and operation. A first metal layer of cobalt or nickel is grown on an interconnect or conductive array line of e.g., copper. The metal layer is formed by electron beam irradiation. Annealing at UHV at temperatures below 700K yields a carbon segregation that forms a few layer thick (average density 3.5 ML) graphene film on the metal layer. Formation of a second layer of metal on top of the graphene barrier layer yields a high performance MTJ.

Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and methods of making an activated polymeric nanoparticle for targeted drug delivery that includes a biocompatible polymer and an amphiphilic stabilizing agent non-covalently associated with a spacer compound that includes at least one electrophile that selectively reacts with any nucleophilic on a targeting agent and places the targeting agent on the exterior surface of a biodegradable nanoshell, wherein an active agent is loaded with the nanoshell.

Abstract: A method for enhancing amidohydrolase activity of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) is disclosed. The method comprising administering a phenoxyacyl-ethanolamide that causes the enhanced activity. The enhanced activity can have numerous effects on biological organisms including, for example, enhancing the growth of certain seedlings.

Abstract: Porositized/activated carbon processed from carbon or carbonaceous raw materials. The porositization process comprises: (1) loading porositizing agents; (2) thermal treatment; and (3) porous generation. In another embodiment, the porositization process comprises: (1) loading porositizing agents; and (2) thermal treatment wherein the carbon or carbonaceous materials undergo carbonization and self-activation during the thermal treatment. Activated carbon products that exhibit magnetic functionality.

Abstract: A single reflective optical element is constructed for use in interference lithography. The single reflective optical element is generally made up of at least two, and preferably four, polished reflective strips arranged to have particular angles relative to a laser beam passing through the optical element. A laser beam passing through the optical element will be partially reflected by the reflective strips to generate additional linearly polarized beams. The additional reflected beams overlap with the central laser beam and form an interference pattern as the beams pass out of the optical element. The generated polarized beams and interference pattern can be directed onto a photosensitive material to produce photonic crystals or photonic crystal templates.

Abstract: The present invention discloses gene targets and methods for the genetic control of lipid accumulation in vegetative (non-seed) portions of plants. Enhanced lipid, e.g. triacylglycerol (TAG), accumulation in vegetative portions of plants may be obtained by down-regulation of activity of At4g24160 or a homolog thereof. Plants, plant parts, seeds comprising down-regulated AT4G24160 activity, or activity of a homolog thereof, are also provided, as well as products prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Improved methods for utilizing 911 services, for implementing 911 dispatch protocols, and for measuring vital signs of a human, all by accessing mobile phone sensors and applications, are disclosed. Vital signs such as heart rate, breathing rate, breathing distress, and blood pressure can be measured using mobile phone sensors and applications. A method for differential estimation of blood pressure involves the synchronization of time between two mobile phones, locating an appropriate position for one cell phone and recording heart sounds, and recording video data from the finger tip of the subject using the other mobile phone.

Abstract: A method for enhancing amidohydrolase activity of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) is disclosed. The method comprising administering a phenoxyacylethanolamide that causes the enhanced activity. The enhanced activity can have numerous effects on biological organisms including, for example, enhancing the growth of certain seedlings. The subject matter disclosed herein relates to enhancers of amidohydrolase activity.

Abstract: The present invention includes nucleic acid hybrid molecules capable of entering cells comprising at least one vivo-morpholino oligonucleotide (vivo-MO) comprising a guanidine-rich head conjugated to the 5? end, and at least one standard oligonucleotide comprising a gene-specific sequence and a standard oligonucleotide pairing sequence, wherein the standard oligonucleotide is bound to the vivo-morpholino oligonucleotide through base pairing to form a hybrid and wherein the vivo-morpholino oligonucleotide pairing sequence is complementary to the standard oligonucleotide pairing sequence.

Abstract: A physical cache memory that is divided into one or more virtual segments using multiple circuits to decode addresses is provided. An address mapping and an address decoder is selected for each virtual segment. The address mapping comprises two or more address bits as set indexes for the virtual segment and the selected address bits are different for each virtual segment. A cache address decoder is provided for each virtual segment to enhance execution performance of programs or to protect against the side channel attack. Each physical cache address decoder comprises an address mask register to extract the selected address bits to locate objects in the virtual segment. The foregoing can be implemented as a method or apparatus for protecting against a side channel attack.

Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and methods for fluorescence-based multiplex probe to simultaneously detect one or more enzymatic activities comprising: a first enzymatic target having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first enzymatic target is attached to a central body and the second end of the first enzymatic target is attached to a first fluorophore; a second enzymatic target having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second enzymatic target is attached to the central body and the second end of the second enzymatic target is attached to a third fluorophore; wherein the central body comprises at least one second fluorophore; wherein the first enzymatic target comprises a specific cleavage site of a first enzyme that cleaves the first enzymatic target; and wherein the second enzymatic target comprises a specific cleavage site of a second enzyme.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for laser-assisted machining (LAM) of bone without raising the temperature of the surrounding bone is discussed. The method of LAM of bone involves determining a target bone needing to be machined an then scanning a high power density laser beam along the bone at a machining rate that produces low-heat affected zones (HAZ) on the target bone. The process and apparatus is advantageous over conventional technologies because it provides a chemically clean, coherent, and monochromatic beam to the region to be machined.

Abstract: The present invention provides partially fluorescent nanoparticles and methods of making and using the partially fluorescent nanoparticle having a nanoparticle with a matrix and a fluorescent dye dispersed in or about the matrix, wherein at least a portion of the fluorescent dye has been anisotropically bleached.

Abstract: A wafer fabrication monitoring/control system and method is disclosed. The invention utilizes Multiple Internal Reflection Infrared Detection (MIR-IR) to provide a highly sensitive (sub-10 nm, in-situ, ex-situ) on-wafer monitoring and characterization apparatus and method. The disclosed system and method has many practical applications to the development of advanced microfabrication technologies for sub-32 nm node CMOS semiconductor devices and provides support for formulation design, photolithographic patterning, etching/ashing of photoresists, plasma reactive ion etching (RIE) for trench/via patterning of low k dielectric, bottom anti-reflective coatings (BARCs), etch stop layers, and minimization/removal of plasma-etch polymers, development/confirmation of wet cleaning formulations and effectiveness for post CMP and post-etch cleaning.

Abstract: We have demonstrated controlled growth of epitaxial h-BN on a metal substrate using atomic layer deposition. This permits the fabrication of devices such as vertical graphene transistors, where the electron tunneling barrier, and resulting characteristics such as ON-OFF rate may be altered by varying the number of epitaxial layers of h-BN. Few layer graphene is grown on the h-BN opposite the metal substrate, with leads to provide a vertical graphene transistor that is intergratable with Si CMOS technology of today, and can be prepared in a scalable, low temperature process of high repeatability and reliability.

Abstract: Boron carbide polymers prepared from orthocarborane icosahedra cross-linked with a moiety A wherein A is selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine. 1,4-diaminobenzene and mixtures thereof give positive magnetoresistance effects of 30%-80% at room temperature. The novel polymers may be doped with transitional metals to improve electronic and spin performance. These polymers may be deposited by any of a variety of techniques, and may be used in a wide variety of devices including magnetic tunnel junctions, spin-memristors and non-local spin valves.